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Topic: Centaurea solstitialis

	Centaurea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Centaurea is a genus of about 350-500 species of herbaceous thistles and thistle-like flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, mostly native to the Old World.
		Centaurea repens – Russian Knapweed (also Turkestan Thistle) is a perennial, native to southern Russia and Asia Minor to Altay Mountains and Afghanistan.
		Centaurea are copious nectar producers, especially on high-lime soils, and are major honey plants for beekeepers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Knapweed (293 words)

	Centaurea solstitialis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		solstitialis was expanding in rangelands by 7,000-20,000 acres/year (2800-8000 ha/yr) in the west.
		solstitialis poisoning is generally most dangerous when it is the only feed available or when it is a significant contaminant of dried hay.
		solstitialis plants germinate over an extended time period beginning with the first fall rains and ending with the last spring rain event, the resulting canopy is often composed of plants in several stages of development.
	tncweeds.ucdavis.edu /esadocs/documnts/centsol.html (7722 words)

	issg Database: Ecology of Centaurea solstitialis
		Centaurea solstitialis is a winter annual that can form dense impenetrable stands that displace desirable vegetation in natural areas, rangelands, and other places.
		solstitialis is an erect winter annual (sometimes biennial), which grows mostly to 1 m tall (occasionally to 2 m tall) with spiny yellow-flowered heads.
		solstitialis seeds contribute significantly to the rapid depletion of the soil seedbank.
	www.issg.org /database/species/ecology.asp?si=263&fr=1&sts= (2041 words)

	[No title]
		It has been found that glutathione depletion by the sesquiterpene lactone repin from Centaurea solstitialis, may be a primary event in the etiology of equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia (a fatal neurodegenerative disorder), increasing the susceptibility to oxidative damage.
		A study on Allozyme segregation and inter-cytotype reproductive barriers in the polyploid complex Centaurea jacea was useful to understand of the geographical distribution of the cytotypes and inter-cytotype gene flow.
		Centaurea diffusa, a noxious weed in North America, has been found to have much stronger negative effects on grass species from North America than on closely related grass species from communities to which Centaurea is native.
	www.herbmed.org /viewherb.asp?varHerb_ID=20 (3863 words)

	Herbs of Grace - Working with nature to preserve nature™
		Clementein and clementein B, sesquiterpene lactones with an 11,13-oxetane ring isolated from Centaurea clementei were synthesized from the alpha, beta -unsaturated gamma -lactone cynaropicin.
		Chromatography of twenty-six sesquiterpene lactones from Centaurea bella.
		Centaurea corymbosa, a cliff-dwelling species tottering on the brink of extinction.
	herbsofgrace.co.uk /herbmed.php?hmid=20&vs=fc_t11&id=oM4f7F311K01p1FA (1565 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Availability of an Environmental Assessment
		solstitialis (Urendinales), into the environment for use as a biological control agent to reduce the severity of yellow starthistle infestations.
		solstitialis (Urendinales), in California to reduce the severity of yellow starthistle (YST), Centaurea solstitialis, infestations.
		solstitialis into the environment as part of a biological control program to reduce the severity of YST infestations.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2002/May/Day-30/i13530.htm (802 words)

	ESA 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Impacts of soil depth and competition with Centaurea solstitialis on Nassella pulchra.
		Competition was added to half of the tubes in the form of two Centaurea solstitialis plants.
		solstitialis in shallow tubes had lower growth and reproductive output than those in the deeper tubes.
	abstracts.co.allenpress.com /pweb/esa2002/document?ID=4457 (274 words)

	Increasing Availability of Biological Agents for Weed Control \| Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program \| US EPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		By establishing nursery sites of biological control agents for yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa), this project will increase the availability and distribution of these 'natural enemies' therefore, reduce the amounts of herbicide applied to range and wild lands of the region.
		Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) infest millions of acres of range and wild lands in the region.
		Connett, John.F. Eustenopus villosus: Its Phenological Synchrony with Centaurea solstitialis and its Feeding and Oviposition Behavior.
	www.epa.gov /oppbppd1/PESP/regional_grants/1999/r10-1999.htm (2971 words)

	Bibliography
		Taxonomy and biology of Acaria centaureae (Nal.) and A.
		Centaurea solstitialis) and grass biomass to grass, picloram, and fertilizer combinations.
		Centaurea repens) in a monoculture of winter crops grown for silage.
	ag.montana.edu /warc/knapweed_bibliography.htm (3529 words)

	Yellow Starthistle Information
		Effects of five hormone-type herbicides on the survival of yellow starthistle seedlings from a known susceptible population and a suspected picloram resistant population.
		Response of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and grass biomass to grass, picloram, and fertilizer combinations.
		Nigropallidal encephalomalacia in horses in Colorado [Centaurea solstitialis].
	wric.ucdavis.edu /yst/ref/references.html (3642 words)

	The Centaurea pages: Centaurea in North America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Popova, A.Y. Centaurea diffusa LAM., a steppe-pasture weed in the Crimea.] - Bot.
		Powell, R.D. 1990: The role of spatial pattern in the population biology of Centaurea diffusa.
		Thompson, D.J. and Stout, D.G. 1990: Duration of the juvenile period in diffusa knapweed (Centaurea diffusa).
	www.ochsmann.info /centaurea/centaurea-America.htm (1522 words)

	issg Database: Distribution Details for Centaurea solstitialis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		solstitialis threatens native plant ecosystems (Dudley 2000, in DiTomaso, 2001).
		solstitialis causes a neurological disorder of the brain called nigropallidal encephalomalacia or "chewing disease." Continued feeding results in brain lesions and ulcers in the mouth.
		In most cases poisoning destroys the animal’s ability to chew and swallow and death occurs through starvation or dehydration (DiTomaso, 2001).
	issg.appfa.auckland.ac.nz /database/species/distribution_detail.asp?si=263&di=19101&sts= (225 words)

	Texas Toxic Plants
		Centaurea solstitialis, yellow starthistle, and C. melitensis, malta starthistle, are deep-rooted, branching annuals up to about 25 inches tall.
		The winged branches carry thick leaves and are narrow and smooth-edged near the tip and lobed at the base.
		This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under a Southern Region IPM Program special project number 97-EPMP-1-0153.
	texnat.tamu.edu /cmplants/toxic/plants/starthistle.html (327 words)

	PLANTS Profile for Centaurea (knapweed) \| USDA PLANTS
		Centaurea L. View 476 genera in Asteraceae or click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles.
		Centaurea L. Click on a scientific name below to expand it in the PLANTS Classification Report.
		Centaurea L. View taxonomic account from Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) for ITIS Taxonomic Serial Number 36950.
	plants.usda.gov /java/profile?symbol=CENTA (79 words)

	Information about yellow starthistle
		solstitialis at Oakland in 1869 and Vacaville in 1887.
		By 1965, the California Department of Food and Agriculture estimated 1.9 million acres were infested.
		Larson, L.L. and McInnis M.L. Response to yellow starthistle (Centaurea* solstitialis) and grass biomass to grass, picloram, and fertilizer combinations.
	www.nwcb.wa.gov /weed_info/Written_findings/Centaurea_solstitialis.html (1753 words)

	yellow star-thistle, Centaurea solstitialis (Asterales: Asteraceae) @ Forestry Images
		Three weeks after yellow starthistle was inoculated with rust spores, ARS plant pathologist Bill Bruckart (left) and California Department of Food and Agriculture plant pathologist Dale Woods inspect one of 20 test sites to learn about the pathogen's performance.
		solstitialis) are made to catch the overnight dew needed for spore germination and infection.
		Introduced from southern Europe and the Mediterranean region in the mid-1800s, is a serious rangeland weed throughout the western United States.
	www.forestryimages.org /browse/subimages.cfm?sub=4390 (310 words)

	issg Database: Ecology of Centaurea solstitialis
		The movement of contaminated hay and uncertified seed are also important long distance transportation mechanisms.
		solstitialis may develop flower heads in branch axils.
		solstitialis, millions of dollars in losses probably occur from interference with livestock grazing and forage harvesting procedures, producing lower yield and forage quality of rangelands (Callihan et al.
	www.issg.org /database/species/ecology.asp?si=263&fr=1&sts= (2041 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Natural Enemies Associated with Centaurea Solstitialis L. (Yellow Starthistle) and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Technical Abstract: Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle), which belongs to the family Asteraceae, is an annual weed species.
		Our ongoing studies starting from 1999 were conducted to understand occurrence and population dynamics of C. solstitialis, to determine its natural enemies, to study promising agents for biological control.
		Another species, C. onopordi was reared from both in C. solstitialis and other Carduinae weeds in 2003.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=165100 (253 words)

	Yellow Starthistle Information
		Of the 12 species of Centaurea in California, all are non-native and 9 have purple to white flowers.
		In other western states, Centaurea macrocephala (bighead knapweed) also has yellow flowers but does not have long sharp spines on the flowerheads (Roché 1991c).
		Researchers have studied a variety of yellow starthistle populations to determine is there if genetic diversity or biotype differences throughout its range.
	wric.ucdavis.edu /yst/biology/biology.html (369 words)

	Centaurea genus part 2
		Noxious erect winter annuals (sometimes biennials) with spiny yellow-flowered heads, mostly to 1 m tall.
		Unlike yellow, Malta, and Sicilian starthistle, purple starthistle [Centaurea calcitrapa L.] and Iberian starthistle [Centaurea iberica Spreng.] have purple flowers, upper stem leaves mostly pinnate-divided, and straw-colored spines in the center of the rosettes.
		A very large compendium of biology, ecology and control information has been compiled by Dr. Joseph DiTomaso at the University of California Davis.
	www.cdfa.ca.gov /phpps/ipc/weedinfo/centaurea2.htm (1892 words)

	Find in a Library: Yellow starthistle : AKA:Centaurea solstitialis : a menace to the west!.
		Find in a Library: Yellow starthistle : AKA:Centaurea solstitialis : a menace to the west!.
		Yellow starthistle : AKA:Centaurea solstitialis : a menace to the west!.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/f5c2c33be858c482a19afeb4da09e526.html (85 words)

	Synchytrium solstitiale sp. nov. causing a false rust on Centaurea solstitialis in France -- Widmer 96 (2): 407 -- ...
		causing a false rust on Centaurea solstitialis in France -- Widmer 96 (2): 407 -- Mycologia
		causing a false rust on Centaurea solstitialis in France
		of Centaurea solstitialis in France, is described and illustrated.
	www.mycologia.org /cgi/content/abstract/96/2/407 (153 words)

	IngentaConnect Centaurea solstitialis Invasion Success Is Influenced by Nassella... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		IngentaConnect Centaurea solstitialis Invasion Success Is Influenced by Nassella...
		Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), a deep-rooted invasive thistle, can use this water to invade annual grasslands.
		solstitialis, which may reduce survival, growth, and reproduction of the invader.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/rec/2005/00000013/00000003/art00012 (274 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Variation in Centaurea Solstitialis and Population Origins
		Through identification of the origins of North American C. solstitialis populations we greatly increase our ability to predict Eurasian sites to search for effective biocontrol agents.
		Variation in chalcone synthase (CHS) gene family intron lengths and morphology was used to understand the Eurasian origins of the North American C. solstitialis populations.
		Genetic similarities among CHS intron fingerprints indicated at least two introductions of C. solstitialis into the United States, with each introduction from a different region of Eurasia.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=171412 (223 words)

	Backyard Gardener - Yellow Starthistle, September 1, 1999
		A noxious weed is: a weed specified by law or regulation to be particularly undesirable, destructive, and difficult to control.
		Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) is a noxious weed that can be found in isolated areas of Cottonwood and many places in Camp Verde.
		Although the infestations are small, yellow starthistle spreads very rapidly and we need to be concerned.
	ag.arizona.edu /yavapai/anr/hort/byg/archive/yellowstarthistle.html (791 words)

	issg Database: Management and Information Links for Centaurea solstitialis
		DiTomaso (2001) states that mechanical, cultural, biological, and chemical control options are available for management of C.
		DiTomaso J. Element Stewardship Abstract for Centaurea solstitialis L. The Nature Conservancy.
		Summary: Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
	www.issg.org /database/species/management_info.asp?si=263&fr=1&sts=tss (591 words)

	Centaurea solstitialis
		In California, yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) grows as a deep-taprooted winter annual, or rarely as a short-lived perennial.
		It produces one to many solitary, spiny, yellow flower-heads during late spring, summer, and fall.
		Although excellent control was achieved with applications from December through April, earlier applications led to significant increases in quantity of other forage species, particularly grasses.
	ucce.ucdavis.edu /datastore/detailreport.cfm?usernumber=28&surveynumber=182 (2164 words)

	CENTAUREA SPP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Common Name(s): C. solstitialis (yellow star thistle), C. repens (Russian knapweed).
		repens is found mainly in the inter-mountain states, C. solstitialis mainly in the northwest.
		Flowers: purple, blue, pink, yellow or white on branch ends.
	cvm.msu.edu /courses/phm557/docs/126a.htm (166 words)

	Herbicide Resistant Weeds
		Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) is a dicot weed in the Asteraceae family.
		In Washington this weed first evolved resistance to Group O/4 herbicides in 1988 and infests roadsides.
		Sabba, R. Sterling M., and N. Lownds K. Effect of picloram on resistant and susceptible yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis): the role of ethylene.
	www.weedscience.org /Case/Case.asp?ResistID=515 (467 words)

	Invasive Species: Plants - Yellow Star Thistle (Centaurea solstitialis)
		Scientific name: Centaurea solstitialis L. Common names: Yellow star thistle, geeldissel, golden star thistle, St. Barnaby's thistle, yellow centaury, yellow cockspur
		Centaurea solstitialis (herb) - ISSG Global Invasive Species Database
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	www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov /plants/yellowstar.shtml (338 words)

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