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Topic: Center frequency

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Center frequency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Frequencies between approximately 0 hz and 20 hz are accentuated by the low pass amplifier 28.
		Accordingly, this frequency is emphasized in the repetitive noise-like signal generated at the output of band pass amplifier 22.
		The sensory effect produced by the noise-like audible signal and the low frequency light pulsations may be further enhanced by driving a pair of light emitting diodes 72 and 74 by the complementary outputs Q and Q of the Schmitt trigger circuit.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Center-frequency (513 words)

	Method for manufacturing and tuning the center frequency of a microstrip antenna - Patent 6952185
		The method utilizes the eight tuning tabs to tune the antenna from a center frequency of 427.2 MHz when all eight tuning tabs are connected to the cooper radiating or antenna element of the antenna incrementally to a center frequency of 439.3768 MHz when the eight tuning tabs are disconnected from the cooper antenna element.
		The frequency that a microstrip antenna operates at is approximately a half wavelength or a quarter wavelength with one side grounded in the microstrip medium of dielectric below the copper patch and air above the copper patch.
		7 is a plot illustrating the center frequency for the microstrip antenna of FIG.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6952185.html (3682 words)

	Bandwidth article - Bandwidth hertz real baseband electronic filter center frequency signal - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The fact that real baseband systems have both negative and positive frequencies can lead to confusion about bandwidth, since they are sometimes referred to only by the positive half, and one will occasionally see expressions such as B = 2W, where B is the total bandwidth, and W is the positive bandwidth.
		The bandwidth of an electronic filter is the part of the filter's frequency response that lies within 3 dB compared to the center frequency of its peak.
		Bandwidth is normally based on the frequencies used and the spectral spread of the information carried on the frequency.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Bandwidth (313 words)

	United States Patent: 4,191,175
		Frequencies between approximately 0 hz and 20 hz are accentuated by the low pass amplifier 28.
		Accordingly, this frequency is emphasized in the repetitive noise-like signal generated at the output of band pass amplifier 22.
		The sensory effect produced by the noise-like audible signal and the low frequency light pulsations may be further enhanced by driving a pair of light emitting diodes 72 and 74 by the complementary outputs Q and Q of the Schmitt trigger circuit.
	www.mindcontrolforums.com /p/usp4,191,175.htm (3288 words)

	EDN -- 04.25.96 VCO has digitally programmable center frequency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Digitally resetting the center frequency preserves the narrowband nature of the VCO and still maintains a wide operating margin.
		Thus, for N=0, the center frequency is 231.7 MHz, and the VCO's tuning range is ±6.2 MHz.
		For N=127, the center frequency is 113.8 MHz, and the VCO's tuning range is ±1.5 MHz.
	www.edn.com /archives/1996/042596/09di2.htm (430 words)

	Changing Your Radio Channel
		Center tuned refers to the receiver being tuned and peaked out to the center frequency of the low or high band.
		When I say the receiver is peaked out for the center frequency of the low or high band, this means at those frequencies the oscillators have been tuned by adjusting coils, and in some cases capacitance, to oscillate at those frequencies.
		By changing the crystals the oscillators are forced to change their frequency also, but the farther we get from center frequency, the more difficult it is for the oscillators to sustain oscillations, and their output will tend drop off.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/palau/4/id274.htm (646 words)

	Glossary: Center Frequency \| Sweetwater.com
		As it pertains to equalizers the center frequency is the exact frequency to which the EQ filter is tuned.
		When you boost or cut an EQ frequency you are always changing the gain more than just that one frequency as determined by the Q of the filter circuit (or digital program).
		The center frequency is where the most change takes place (boost or cut), and the filter has progressively less effect on frequencies that are further and further away from the center frequency.
	www.sweetwater.com /expert-center/glossary/t--Center (153 words)

	Frequency Response
		Sweeping function generators vary (or "sweep") their frequency linearly or exponentially (to give a log plot), and the output amplitude of the swept sine-waves traces the magnitude of the frequency response on an oscilloscope.
		A slower way of obtaining frequency response is to use a fixed-frequency (non-sweeping) sine-wave generator and measure output amplitudes at several frequencies with constant input amplitude.
		An elegant aspect of the use of complex frequency is that the transient response results from the real component and the frequency response from the imaginary component.
	www.innovatia.com /Design_Center/Frequency_Response.htm (3815 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Center Frequency The center frequency, which is sometimes called the resonant frequency, is given by EMBED Equation .
		The lower cutoff frequency is the lower frequency at which the gain is 3dB less than the gain at the center frequency.
		The frequency response of the low pass filter is not as straightforward as that of the bandpass filter, however.
	people.clarkson.edu /~ortmeyer/filterdesign.doc (2813 words)

	How to convert Center Frequency to radio dial display
		The examples use the center tones of 1900 Hz for USB and 2100 Hz for LSB.
		In USB the Radio Dial frequency is always lower than the mark and the center frequency.
		In LSB the Radio Dial frequency is always higher than the mark and the center frequency.
	www.winlink.org /Help_Info/Center%20Frequency.htm (451 words)

	Lecture Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It be should evident, that the resultant amplitude increases as the imposed frequency approaches the natural frequency and decreases as it moves away from the natural frequency.
		There are some band-pass filters, for which the bandwidth and the center frequency can be independent of each other.
		There are other band-pass filters, for which the bandwidth and the center frequency are not independent of each other.
	courses.washington.edu /natsound/11_27.htm (954 words)

	Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTA) for Synthesis of Voltage-Controlled Active-Filter Tuned Oscillators
		The maintenance of constant bandwidth while the center frequency is changed ensures that the oscillator's output waveform has the desired purity.
		Keeping a constant bandwidth as center frequency is a djusted is important for the overall quality of the sinusoidal waveform generated in the active-filter-tuned oscillator.
		Basically, as the center frequency of the bandpass filter varies over a wide range, it is desirable to keep the bandwidth nearly co nstant.
	et.nmsu.edu /~etti/fall98/electronics/grise/griseota.html (1988 words)

	ipedia.com: Resonance Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In an electrical circuit, resonance occurs at a particular frequency when the inductive reactance and the capacitive reactance are of equal magnitude, causing electrical energy to oscillate between the magnetic field of the inductor and the electric field of the capacitor.
		Resonance is an important consideration for instrument builders as most acoustic instruments utilize resonators, such as the strings and body of a violin, the length of tube in a flute, and the shape of a drum membrane.
		Those frequencies that are not one of the resonances are quickly filtered out - they are attenuated - and all that is left is the harmonic vibrations that we hear as a musical note.
	www.ipedia.com /resonance.html (1236 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The function generator was connected to Vs, and the oscilloscope was set up to measure the output of the voltage divider that divided the signal on channel one, and the output of the VCO on channel 2.
		Starting with the PLL unlocked, at a frequency higher than the center frequency, we lower the input frequency towards the center frequency until the PLL becomes locked.
		Therefore, when the frequency is an even multiple of the center frequency, the coefficient is 0, and there is no frequency to lock on to.
	people.clarkson.edu /~demickbj/EE311lab2 (1158 words)

	4aPP11 Glide difference limens as a function of center frequency, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Signal durations were 50, 100, and 400 ms, and the average stimulus center frequencies were 2 and 6 kHz.
		The subject's task was to distinguish between the standard and a target signal with a greater or lesser change in frequency, depending on the experimental condition, in a 2-alternative, forced-choice task.
		To avoid the confounding effect of between-stimuli static pitch cues, the center frequencies of the standard and target stimuli were ``roved'' about the center frequencies [Neill and Feth, J. Acoust.
	www.auditory.org /asamtgs/asa95stl/4aPP/4aPP11.html (206 words)

	Definition: center frequency
		In frequency modulation, the rest frequency, i.e., the frequency of the unmodulated carrier.
		The frequency of the middle of the bandwidth of a channel.
		In facsimile systems, the frequency midway between the picture-fl and picture-white frequencies.
	www.atis.org /tg2k/_center_frequency.html (73 words)

	EAST COAST MODEL CENTER - Tech Talk Radio Interference
		Note that the center frequency of the receiver can be slightly different than the center frequency of the transmitter and things will still seem to work ok, but since power decreases as you move out from the center frequency, range will be reduced.
		The width of this band of frequencies around the center frequency is a major factor in determining the effects of radio interference.
		Conversely, if somebody is operating on a frequency that is quite far away from the center frequency of your receiver, they can still interfere if their signal is strong enough.
	www.mat.uc.pt /~pedro/ncientificos/artigos/tech_radio_1.html (3020 words)

	audio-rate frequency modulation
		The rate of the vibrato is determined by the modulator's frequency, the depth of the vibrato (or how far above and below its center frequency the carrier will be pushed) is determined by the modulator's amplitude and the shape of the vibrato is determined by the modulator's waveform.
		The carrier frequency is not necessarily the fundamental frequency.
		The greater the amplitudes of the modulating wave are at its peaks, the greater the maximum distance the carrier is pushed off its center frequency.
	www.indiana.edu /~emusic/fm/fm.htm (2969 words)

	Opamp Wien-Bridge Oscillator
		At the center frequency, two interesting things occur at V(3).
		For R1=R2=10k and C1=C2=16nF, the center frequency should be near 1 kHz.
		The RC network does a nice job of meeting one of the conditions for oscillation: the phase is 0 degrees at the design frequency.
	www.ecircuitcenter.com /Circuits/opwien/opwien.htm (765 words)

	Definition: frequency modulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		frequency modulation (FM): Modulation in which the instantaneous frequency of a sine wave carrier is caused to depart from the center frequency by an amount proportional to the instantaneous value of the modulating signal.
		(188) Note 1: In FM, the carrier frequency is called the center frequency.
		The lightwave is varied in intensity at an instantaneous rate corresponding to the instantaneous frequency of the electrical FM carrier.
	www.its.bldrdoc.gov /fs-1037/dir-016/_2377.htm (147 words)

	Center frequency -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Center frequency -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		((Click link for more info and facts about resonant frequency) resonant frequency) is the (The mean of n numbers expressed as the n-th root of their product) geometric mean between the lower (Click link for more info and facts about cutoff frequency) cutoff frequency f
		is very small in comparison to the center frequency it is sometimes possible to use this (The sum of the values of a random variable divided by the number of values) arithmetic mean for calculations, but this is often calculated in mistake:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ce/center_frequency.htm (298 words)

	RFID Research Center - Radio Frequency Identification testing center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The University of Arkansas’ RFID Research Center is a collaborative effort of three existing research centers located within the Sam M. Walton College of Business: the Information Technology Research Center, the Center for Retailing Excellence, and the Supply Chain Management Research Center.
		This not-for-profit center will provide testing and research services to a nationally arrayed group of business partners and use the testing environment to further research RFID applications and to train students at the baccalaureate and graduate level.
		Working primarily in the retail, manufacturing, and transportation domains, the Center aims to be at the forefront of examining the use of RFID and its related impacts on business and society.
	www.cisco-eagle.com /RFID/rfid-research-center.htm (897 words)

	Tuner Information Center - Vintage Stereo Tuners
		The typical problem occurs when two or more strong local stations on different frequencies, as a result of non-linear effects in the tuner, combine to create a distorted signal at another frequency that is stronger than the station that should be there.
		Usually the strong signals are farther apart in frequency, or farther away from the one you are trying to listen to, and then the gangs will do their job and attenuate strong offending stations.
		Dan Collins has a terrific site called radioswapmeet.com, that he calls a “resource and social center for radio clubs, collectors, restorers, and hobbyists.” It's jam-packed with a gazillion links to radio-related sites, including parts and manuals sellers, and is a must-visit for readers of TIC who like the older stuff.
	www.fmtunerinfo.com (5225 words)

	Community Center - Time, Frequency and Synchronization Solutions
		Welcome to our Community Center where anyone who has a question or a comment about any issue that relates to timing, test and measurement can be heard.
		Our hope is that this virtual community center will encourage collaboration within the timing, test and measurement community — that it will be a way to exchange information that will help provide solutions.
		To be a part of the Community Center forum, please utilize our message board, where you can start a discussion or ask a question by adding a new message or reply to a discussion that is in progress.
	www.symmttm.com /community_center.asp (231 words)

	MRI \| Centers \| Center for Frequency Agile Materials for Electronics
		The major focus of the Center is to develop and exploit materials with field controllable properties which can be utilized in frequency agile components for a wide range of important DOD and commercial applications.
		Agility (tunability) to be of interest must extend well into the 3-18 GHz and must be accompanied by low loss, so that high Q tuned systems can be envisaged.
		Frequency and field agile pyrochlores, tungsten bronzes and incommensurate structures
	www.mri.psu.edu /centers/cfame.asp (163 words)

	critical band - musical pitch range with no roughness
		A range of frequency ratios which is less than a minor third across much of the audible spectrum, but considerably wider in the lower registers.
		A range of frequency ratios which sweeps across the audible spectrum in a band, within which two notes will sound like they are fusing into one rough sound.
		The limits for pitch discrimination and the critical band depend strongly on the center frequency (the average frequency of the two tone stimuli).
	tonalsoft.com /enc/c/critical-band.aspx (345 words)

	Electrical Acoustics/Vibration engineering - vibration/octave band center frequency
		An octave is a doubling of frequency; that's a relative measurement, so if there isn't a fixed frequency indicated anywhere on your graph, you won't get any fixed frequency information.
		If detailed FFT type frequency information is not needed, 1/12th octave bands are a good way to go.
		Since the information is vibration velocity, I am assuming the data was generated using an accelerometer, and if it wasn't a charge amp type accelerometer, the usable frequency range will be limited, depending on the size of the accelerometer.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=150401&page=1 (638 words)

	Bar Code Learning Center - Radio Frequency (RF) Data Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Radio Frequency Data Collection (RFDC) is used to communicate information from a mobile location to a host computer in real-time.
		The frequency band for spread spectrum is 902-928 MHz and 2.4-2.483 GHz.
		With most off-line systems, users generally transfer data once or twice a day mainly for two reasons (1) to avoid the inefficiency of frequent trips to the batch station used to upload and download data and (2) to save off the collected data in the event of a hardware failure.
	www.systemid.com /education/autoid_rf.asp (1614 words)

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