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	Central American Federation. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		or Central American Union, political confederation (1825–38) of the republics of Central America—Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador.
		At the Central American conference of 1922–23, the U.S. recommendation of a union was not favorably received, partly because of earlier U.S. policies in Panama and Nicaragua.
		In 1951, the Organization of Central American States was formed to help solve common problems, and in 1960 the five nations established the Central American Common Market.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ce/CentrAF.html (288 words)

	United Provinces of Central America - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The United Provinces of Central America (UPCA) was a country that existed in Central America from July 1823 to approximately 1840.
		During the period of 1838–1840 the federation dissolved in civil war.
		Central American liberals had high hopes for the federal republic, which they believed would evolve into a modern, democratic nation, enriched by trade crossing through it between the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Central_American_Federation (795 words)

	central american federation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		From the 16th century to the early 19th century Central America was part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain, administered by the Captain General's administration in Antigua Guatemala and later Guatemala City.
		Central American liberals objected to this, but an army from Mexico under General Vicente Filisola occupied Guatemala City and quelled dissent.
		On December 13, 1960 the Central American Common Market ("CACM") was established by Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua with hopes of greater political unification to follow; however little progress has yet been made in that direction.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Central_American_Federation.html (653 words)

	Central America - Historical Unions and Federations
		Central American Federation - The flag and the emblem that was used in 1824.
		www.infoplease.com>: "Central American Federation or Central American Union, political confederation (1825–38) of the republics of Central America: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador.
		The Greater Republic of Central America, composed by El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, as a result of the Pact of Amapala signed in June of 1895, adopted the Flag of 1851 with two blue strips and one white in the center, and hoisted the 1st of November of 1898.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/cam-us.html (1067 words)

	Search Results for "Federation"
		...South Arabia, Federation of, federation, 1963-67, S Arabian peninsula, formed by the merger of the British colony of Aden with the Federation of the Emirates of the...
		9) Federation of the Emirates of the South.
		...Central American Federation, or Central American Union, political confederation (1825-38) of the republics of Central America-Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Federation (279 words)

	History of Central America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Native American societies of Mesoamerica occupied the land ranging from central Mexico in the north to Costa Rica in the south.
		The exceptions were the two nations at the north and south ends of Central America: Belize was the British colony of British Honduras until 1973, while Panama was part of Spanish New Granada, and then of the nation of Colombia until 1903.
		It was intended to be a federal republic modeled after the United States of America, and it was known alternately as "The United States of Central America" or "The United Provinces of Central America." The Central American nation consisted of the states of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/history_of_central_america (1052 words)

	Central American Federation - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Central American Federation or Central American Union, political confederation (1825-38) of the republics of Central America—Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador.
		At the Central American conference of 1922-23, the U.S. recommendation of a union was not favorably received, partly because of earlier U.S. policies in Panama and Nicaragua.
		Remarks to the 75th annual convention of the American Federation of Teachers in New Orleans, Louisiana.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-CentrAF.html (847 words)

	Central American Federation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		American Culinary Federation Central Missouri Chapter Promoting the culinary profession and assisting advancement with education and expertise.
		Texas Federation of Teachers TFT represents 27,000 members in 23 locals and is the Texas chapter of the American Federation of Teachers.
		California Federation of Teachers Affiliate of the American Federation of Teachers and represents teachers and school staff throughout the state.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Central_American_Federation.html (376 words)

	TOWARD COMMON SECURITY IN CENTRAL AMERICA
		Central America has incorporated elements of both CS models -the cooperative, in the form of the Esquipulas process, and the integrative in that of the Central American Common Market (CACM) and the Central American Parliament.
		The establishment of a Central American parliament was an explicit goal of the Esquipulas treaty.
		Four characteristics of Central American societies appear to determine their capacity to preclude social conflict: socioeconomic equitability, meaningful political participation, a tradition of peaceful governmental transfer of power, and the existence of mediating structures and cross-cutting affiliations that preclude nation-rending cleavages.
	www.colorado.edu /conflict/full_text_search/AllCRCDocs/90-8.htm (8383 words)

	Honduras - MSN Encarta
		The conquerors also met with considerable opposition from Lempira, a Native American chief whose heroic resistance inspired later movements toward freedom and whose name was given to the monetary unit of the country.
		The province became a part of the Guatemalan kingdom, which encompassed almost all of Central America and was itself a part of the vast Spanish colony known as the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
		The transfer of the capital from conservative Comayagua to liberal Tegucigalpa reflected both the triumph of the liberals and a renewed emphasis on mining, which the government stimulated by attracting foreign investment.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563646_7/Honduras.html (920 words)

	Beginnings (to 1922)
		The continent of North America is defined by geologists as the continental landmass lying to the north of the South American continent and the Lesser Antilles, including the Central American isthmus, the Greater Antilles, the vast North American landmass itself, and the adjoining islands.
		Even as American cities and industries grew, American settlers steadily pushed the frontier of settlement west, first beyond the Mississippi (acquired in its entirety with the French sale of the Louisianas in 1803 and 1813), and then to the Pacific ocean.
		Native Americans outside New Mexico, for their part, were subjected to a savage policy of land appropriates and genocidal massacres and wars that was only aggravated by mass deaths from Eurasian epidemic diseases.
	www.ahtg.net /TpA/tpanorm1.html (3008 words)

	El Salvador - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is the most densely populated state on the American mainland and the most industrialized in Central America.
		It is the smallest Central American country (roughly the size of the U.S. state of Massachusetts) and the only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea.
		Mostly mountainous with narrow coastal belt and central fertile volcanic plateau it is known as the "Land of the volcanoes", and has been victim to repeated seismic and volcanic acticity thourghout its history.
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/El_Salvador (1139 words)

	Independence - History - El Salvador - Central America: declaration independence, government mexico, agustin iturbide, ...
		The congress declared absolute Central American independence on July 1, 1823, and formed the United Provinces of Central America, a loose federation of the five Central American states that promised each a high degree of sovereignty.
		But upper-class Central Americans were divided by regional rivalries and split between liberal and conservative factions, which disagreed over political, economic, and religious policies.
		El Salvador regained a prominent role in the Central American federation, whose capital was moved in 1834 to Sonsonate, in western El Salvador, and in 1835 to San Salvador.
	www.countriesquest.com /central_america/el_salvador/history/independence.htm (740 words)

	AllRefer.com - Guatemala, country, Central America : History, Guatemala (Guatemalan Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Guatemala was first a part of the Mexican Empire of AgustIn de Iturbide and then became a nucleus of the Central American Federation.
		Guatemalan interference in the affairs of other Central American republics during the 19th and early 20th cent., under the conservative dictatorships of Rafael Carrera and Manuel Estrada Cabrera and under the liberal, Justo Ruffino Barrios, caused intense hostility and finally led to the Washington Conference of 1907, which established the Central American Court of Justice.
		Jorge Ubico became president in 1931, and his tenure was marked by repressive rule and an improvement in the nation's finances.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Guatemal-history.html (890 words)

	History of Nicaragua
		One group in the central highlands was linguistically and culturally similar to the Aztecs of Mexico.
		Nicaragua, Honduras and Costa Rica secede from Central American Federation.
		In the Central American nation of Nicaragua, 73-year-old businessman Enrique Bolanos took the presidential oath of office on Thursday.
	www.globalexchange.org /countries/americas/nicaragua/NicaraguaHistory.html (969 words)

	The American Hungarian Federation - Founded 1906
		The American Hungarian Federation is concerned that revised policies by Hungary may not be sufficient to protect the Hungarian minorities living in the Carpathian Basin.
		The Federation expresses its concern over the excessive use of force against the demonstrators, and questions the official inaction concerning the events; it also calls for a thorough and timely investigation of the police actions.
		The American Hungarian Federation honored the memory of the heroes of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, at a gala dinner at the prestigious Cosmos Club in Washington, D.C., on October 20th.
	www.americanhungarianfederation.org (2352 words)

	World of Wonders Project Central America Expedition
		Although all of Central America is thought of as being tropical, its climate varies with altitude from tropical to cool.
		It is widely held that ancestors of the Central American Indians migrated to the area from the north.
		Central America is home to various African, Native American and European cultures, mostly sharing the Spanish language and the Catholic faith but also speaking English or Amerindian languages and practicing traditional beliefs.
	www.questconnect.org /ca_home.htm (2743 words)

	Guatemala - MSN Encarta
		Spirited local election campaigns followed in Central America, opening a period of intense political rivalry between emerging liberal and conservative factions of the elite.
		A Central American convention declared Central America independent on July 1, 1823, and formed the United Provinces of Central America.
		The first federal president, Manuel José Arce of El Salvador, resigned in 1827 after only two years in office, as civil war broke out between the opposing factions.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761556126_9/Guatemala.html (2049 words)

	Panamericanism - Knowmore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The struggle for independence after 1810 among the Latin American nations evoked a sense of unity, especially in South America where, under Simón Bolívar in the north and José de San Martín in the south, there were cooperative efforts.
		Venezuela and Ecuador withdrew (1830) from Greater Colombia; the Central American Federation collapsed (1838); Argentina and Brazil fought continually over Uruguay, and then all three combined in the War of the Triple Alliance (1865-70) to defeat Paraguay; and in the War of the Pacific (1879-83), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia.
		Treaties for arbitration of disputes and adjustment of tariffs were adopted, and the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics, which became the Pan-American Union, was established.
	www.knowmore.org /index.php/Panamericanism (290 words)

	NYS PERB DECISIONS
		The Board, however, found that neither the Federation nor the District had raised timeliness as a defense in their pleadings and, indeed, the Federation had argued at the hearing that Sobie had requested no assistance from the Federation prior to her request that the Federation pursue her grievance to arbitration.
		That Zito did not agree with the Federation’s position does not establish a violation as a union is given a wide degree of latitude in the filing and prosecution of grievances.
		The Federation affirmed that it does not have the right to strike, the District supported the application and the Board determined that, based upon the evidence submitted, the Federation had not engaged in, caused, instigated, encouraged, condoned or threatened a strike against the District since the above-stated violation.
	www.perb.state.ny.us /decarc2001.asp (15480 words)

	The Central American Integration System
		The Central American Court of Justice sits in Managua and each state that has ratified the Statute is entitled to have one permanent and one substitute judge sitting on the bench.
		In November of 1999 Nicaragua presented a petition to the Central American Court of Justice requesting that it declare Honduras in violation of its SICA obligations by having ratified the Treaty on Maritime Limits between the Republics of Colombia and Honduras.
		The involvement of the Central American Presidents and Vice Presidents in the integration process is intended to underscore the fact that SICA is both a high-level political as well as economic integration program which has as its ultimate goal the revival of the Central American Federation of the early 19th century.
	www.mercosurconsulting.net /Articles/article7.html (4872 words)

	OpinionJournal - Federation
		The central idea of the American Founding--and indeed of constitutional government and the rule of law--was the equality of mankind.
		This thought is central to all of Lincoln's speeches and writings, from 1854 until his election as president in 1860.
		But the American Constitution, and the state constitutions subordinate to it have, at one time or another, sanctioned both slavery and Jim Crow, by which the bills of rights applied to white Americans were denied to fl Americans.
	www.opinionjournal.com /federation/feature/?id=110008028 (1121 words)

	El Salvador EL SALVADOR AND THE UNITED PROVINCES OF CENTRAL AMERICA - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural ...
		Unfortunately for those of Bolivar's idealistic inclinations, the Central American Federation was not immune to the conflict between liberals and conservatives that afflicted nineteenthcentury Latin America as a whole.
		Control of the federal government passed from liberal to conservative hands in 1826, only to be restored to the liberal faction under the leadership of the Honduran Francisco Morazan in 1829.
		The period of the United Provinces was thus one of Central American polarization impelled by deep divisions among the populace, not the unification originally anticipated by idealists.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/el_salvador/el_salvador_history_el_salvador_and_the_united_provinces_of_central_america.html (717 words)

	Jose Rafael Carrera Biography / Biography of Jose Rafael Carrera Main Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The original grievance was a succession of unpopular reforms, especially anticlerical measures, which alienated the rural population and brought to their support elements of the clergy and of the old aristocracy.
		On April 17, 1839, Guatemala withdrew from the Central American Federation and on November 29 gave the chief executive the title of president.
		Carrera was the Central American strong man during most of his tenure.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-jose-rafael-carrera/index.html (781 words)

	[No title]
		Few events in recent Central American history have had a greater potential to serve as a watershed for the region's future peace and security than does next week's election in Nicaragua.
		When the five Central American presidents met again at San Jose on January 15, 1988, they found that most of the agreements had been implemented except that Honduras had not closed down the Contra camps in its territory.
		On November 5, 1838, Honduras separated from the Central American Federation.
	www.lycos.com /info/central-american-history.html (596 words)

	Belize-Guatemala Territorial Issue - Chapter 3
		The National Assembly of the Federation met in Guatemala City in April, 1823, and at this meeting, in a surprise move, the members decreed the abolition of slavery.
		After 1825, the Federation began to display an increasing awareness of the threat of territorial encroachment by the British Settlement and a strong desire to contain it.
		After sending a plenipotentiary in 1825, Britain pointed out that the Central American Revolutions were "acts of populations rather than of juridical areas; hence the rebellious peoples obtained rights only over the lands which they actually possessed or occupied at the time of their independence".
	www.belizenet.com /bzeguat/chap3.html (1575 words)

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