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Topic: Central Asian Republics

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	Central Asia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Central Asia is an extremely large region of varied geography, including high plateaus and mountains (Tian Shan), vast deserts (Kara Kum, Kyzyl Kum, Taklamakan), and especially treeless, grassy steppes.
		Map of Soviet Central Asia in 1922 with the Turkestan ASSR and the Kyrgyz ASSR (present-day Kazakhstan).
		Uzbek and Uighur are spoken in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Xinjiang.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Central_Asia (2943 words)

	Central Asian Republics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Central Asian Republics located on a world map.
		The Central Asian Republics are five countries located in Central Asia that were former republics of the Soviet Union.
		The Central Asian Republics are sometimes referred to as Central Asia, although others prefer this term to be reserved for a larger geographic region within Asia rather than a designation given to specific Soviet republics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Central_Asian_Republics (103 words)

	Central Asian Republics
		Central Asia is bordered on the north by the Russian Federation, on the south by Iran and Afghanistan, and on the east by the Chinese region of Xinjiang Uygur.
		The western boundary of Central Asia is marked by the Caspian Sea.
		Central Asia covers a large part of the geographical region of Turkestan.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0013907.html (331 words)

	SAPRA India Foundation: Central Asia Article: 26 November 2001: America's Afghan War: Courting the Central Asian States
		The CAR's, even after a decade of independence, are still living in the shadows of their former master, Russia, which is seen both as a protector and exploiter by these states.
		Central is thus destined to be the setting for an era of competition between the US and Russia.
		The IMU is the main militant Islamist organisation in the Central Asian region.
	www.subcontinent.com /sapra/research/centralasia/articles/ca_article_20011126a_html.html (5543 words)

	EurasiaNet Environment - Clashing Approaches Becloud Central Asia’s Water Future
		Central Asian republics emerged from a recent conference in Ukraine with plans to harness European and international support for redistributing and pricing water.
		As the Central Asian countries’; "Invitation to Partnership" notes, "the resource-based approach that evolved during the arms race still dominates water management thinking in Central Asian countries." But some potent agencies still champion discredited methods.
		He cited the fact that 30 representatives from Central Asian republics came to the conference as evidence of their support for a large-scale Russian project.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/environment/articles/eav052803.shtml (1192 words)

	ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND THE CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS
		The Central Asian Republics have a 100% literacy rate; they are secular, and are closely tied to the economy of the other Republics in the former Soviet Union, and they have a very strong industrial base.
		As head of a republic with several thousand miles of common border with Russia and whose population is almost evenly divided between Kazakhs and Slavs, Nazarbaev was anxious to minimize a potential split between Kazakhstan and Russia.
		Central Asia's leaders were also aware that, although each republic was named for a local nationality, none was a national homeland.
	www.defencejournal.com /may98/economic1.htm (2718 words)

	Asia Times: Wheel turns for Central Asian republics
		ISLAMABAD - Not since their achievement of independence a decade ago have the Central Asian republics been virtually at the center of gravity of world politics as they are now.
		Third, the Central Asian republics that were the last to be incorporated into the Soviet Union and which had militarily resisted the Soviet conquest until the 1930s, also were the first to break away from the Soviet Union.
		And should the war against the Taliban be successful in removing that regime, the Central Asian desire for access to the warm waters of the Indian Ocean via Afghanistan through Pakistan would provide them their easiest and closest outlet to the seas.
	www.atimes.com /c-asia/CJ25Ag01.html (1182 words)

	Iranica.com - FAUNA Cont.
		The Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union (Turkmenia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, the southern Kazakhstan) form part of an arid belt stretching from northwestern Africa through southwestern Asia to Mongolia and western China.
		The zoogeographical composition of the Central Asian insects reveals that endemics and species also found on the plains of Persia are particularly concentrated in the sand deserts.
		This province encompasses the eastern mountains of the Central Asian republics, which can be divided into two subprovinces: the western Tian Shans (mostly the chains of northern Uzbekistan and western and southern Kirgizia) and the Gissaro-Darvazian (the mountains of southern Uzbekistan and Tajikistan).
	www.iranica.com /articles/v9f4/v9f441b.html (2153 words)

	AllRefer.com - Central Asian Republics (CIS And Baltic Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Central Asian Republics, CIS And Baltic Political Geography
		Central Asian Republics, the countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
		Constituent republics of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, they all achieved independence in late 1991.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/CentrARep.html (167 words)

	CRG -- Hearing On US Interests In The Central Asian Republics
		Central Asia would seem to offer significant new investment opportunities for a broad range of American companies which, in turn, will serve as a valuable stimulus to the economic development of the region.
		Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, and the Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union are all slow growth markets where demand will grow at only a half a percent to perhaps 1.2 percent per year during the period 1995 to 2010.
		The Central Asia and Caspian region is blessed with abundant oil and gas that can enhance the lives of the region's residents, and provide energy for growth in both Europe and Asia.
	www.globalresearch.ca /articles/CON110A.html (18144 words)

	ASIANaffairs
		The five Central Asian Republics namely, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are former Soviet states, which attained independence in 1991 after the break-up of the Soviet Union and continued to have Special ties with Moscow for geo-political reasons.
		All the Central Asian states have forged a distinctive relationship with Russia as most of these countries are land-locked and closer to Russia and they depend on Russia for trade and transit of goods and transportation of their energy resources.
		The Central Asian Republics have welcomed the US military and political support primarily to pull them out of their continuing economic crises and also to ensure their regional stability and national security from perceived threats both inside and from outside.
	www.asianaffairs.com /feb2003/central_asia.htm (1842 words)

	Kyrgyzstan Central Asia - Travel Visa Tours Accommodation Maps - Uzbekistan Kazakhstan Bishkek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		We offer tours and travel to Kyrgyzstan, and also visa, and accommodation for Central Asia, which is one of the finest regions for tourism in the world with its natural beauty (the finest example is Kyrgyzstan) and man-made beauty.
		While some intrepid few managed to visit, for much of the twentieth century, large parts of central Asia inside China, the USSR, and Afghanistan were forbidden areas for foreigners (and even for countrymen), and visa was strictly by internal permission and extensive documents.
		We are a Central Asian tour operator based in the capital, Bishkek Kyrgyzstan, and invite you to experience a tour to this fantastic part of the globe.
	www.centralasiatravel.com (488 words)

	Asia Times
		After the removal of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, the Central Asian regimes felt relieved from the threat of the fundamentalist Islamic movements, which used to have a safe haven across the Amu-Darya River.
		Moscow realizes very clearly that after the withdrawal of much of the US presence and support, the Central Asian leaders feel most uncomfortable facing their own peoples, impoverished and deprived of basic rights and freedoms.
		Hence, bending to Russian political and military superiority and accepting Moscow as a guarantor of the political status quo in Central Asia is by far the lesser evil.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Central_Asia/EE03Ag03.html (817 words)

	Central Asian Sheepdog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Central Asian Shepherd is found in all Central Asian republics and in some neighboring regions.
		The Central Asian Shepherd is well-balanced and peaceable.
		The Central Asian Shepherd is NOT a Apartment dog seasonal coat care is required.
	www.furrycritter.com /resources/dogs/Central_Asian_Sheepdog.htm (178 words)

	..:: STRADIGMA.com ::.. TURKEY AND THE CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS: STRATEGY MODELS AND FUTURE SCENARIOS
		For the time being, Russian political approaches toward these republics and Central Asia proved this assumption to be true and Russian Federation began to be regarded as the ideological, social and cultural successor of the Soviet Union by these republics.
		Secondly, Central Asian republics, provoked by Islamic sentiments, might refrain from cooperating with a laic and secular state such as Turkey in their region; secondly, in order to cause problems before Turkish-American cooperation for the Central Asian region, Iranian government might increase its support for PKK and Hezbollah.
		As for the U.S., via the mentioned cooperation in the Central Asian region, U.S. will be able to reinforce relations with Turkey and Israel, which represent vital importance in regard to her stand in the Middle East.
	www.stradigma.com /english/july2003/vision.html (5268 words)

	Inner Asia and Inner Asian Studies
		In the 20th century, the Inner Asian peoples were located within the borders or sphere of influence of either the Soviet Union or the People's Republic of China.
		Currently the RIFIAS is participating in a major project to digitize and post on-line copies of the bulk of its Central Asian Archives holdings, with financial and technical support form the Inner Asian and Uralic National Resource Center and the Digital Library Program.
		In Russian, "Sredniaia Aziia" (Central, literally "Middle," Asia) means the Central Asian republics of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kirghizia, and Tajikistan, sometimes including Eastern Turkistan (Xinjiang) as well; Kazakhstan is named separately because of geographical scruples (part of it lies in Europe).
	www.indiana.edu /~rifias/RIFIAS_and_Inner_Asian_Studies.htm (1350 words)

	Planning Meeting for Central Asian Republics
		The Planning Meeting for Central Asian Republics (CARs) in Almaty, Kazakhstan was jointly organized by the National Authority of Kazakhstan and the Technical Secretariat of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
		This workshop is part of a three-year Central Asian Project (2003 to 2005) for the development and improvement of national and regional response capacity against chemical weapons.
		Some of the problems that were raised by the representatives of the Central Asian Republics concerned the lack of resources, financial situation, obsolete equipment, lack of safety measures and the need to improve internal coordination mechanisms to efficiently manage such emergency situations.
	www.opcw.org /cdq/html/cdq2/cdq2_art20.html (422 words)

	Founding of the Central Asian Republics
		Describe the impact of the breakup of the Soviet Union to form emerging Central Asian countries.
		According to former Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott, the Central Asian nations “have the chance to put behind them forever the experience of being pawns on a chess board.” Although in all of the republics, presidential elections were held, in the decade that followed, each has moved back toward a more totalitarian ruling process.
		When Soviet rule was over, the Central Asian peoples turned to their roots, heritage, and culture to help guide them to the “right” religion.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/cot/t2w31centralasia.htm (877 words)

	PSI/Central Asian Republics
		PSI/Central Asia Republics collaborates with governmental organizations, local and international NGOs, Ministries of Health and Education, The Republican, Oblast and City AIDS Centers, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNICEF, UNESCO, Soros Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, AIDS Foundation East West, Abt Associates, CDC, and Internews.
		Youth Power centers are located on Central Asia’s main drug trafficking routes: There are currently seven centers in the three DDRP target countries: Tashkent, Samarkand, and Termez (to open by March 2006) in Uzbekistan, Dushanbe, Khojand, and Khorog in Tajikistan, and Osh in Kyrgyzstan.
		PSI uses qualitative and quantitative research to map the factors that influence youth and monitors research that maps the changing drug trafficking routes in order to ensure that the program maintains focus on cities and communities with a high concentration of trafficking and injecting drug use.
	www.psi.org /where_we_work/cent-asia.html (983 words)

	EurasiaNet Culture - A Journey Into the Past and Future of Central Asian Film
		The filmmaking traditions of the five Central Asian republics show some common elements and stark differences.
		The best Central Asian examples of this trend — Tenderness by Elyer Ishmukhamedov and Okeev’s There Are Horses and the Sky of our Childhood — will be part of the series.
		Central Asian up-and-comers dominated even their Russian counterparts.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/culture/articles/eav050203.shtml (1698 words)

	Central Asia: Expert Sees 'More Of The Same' In U.S. Policy - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Since then, the U.S. has developed closer ties with several Central Asian countries, as they opened their airspace or hosted U.S. troops.
		I think then, again depending on what transpires in those three states, we may see the [Bush] administration begin to exert greater pressure on the Central Asian republics to loosen their grip on political power to allow for freer and fairer elections, particularly in Kazakhstan, but also in Uzbekistan.
		RFE/RL: Among the first reactions from the Central Asian region to Bush's victory of President Bush, some policymakers expressed the hope that relations with the Bush administration would improve.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2004/11/3ff58a2d-f9bb-4fa8-8bd7-421704c608d0.html (901 words)

	Amazon.ca: Seismic Hazard and Building Vulnerability in Post- Soviet Central Asian Republics: Books: Stephanie A. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Summarises the currently available seismic and engineering data pertaining to the seismic hazard of the capitals of the Central Asian republics.
		There is a roughly 40% probability that an earthquake will occur near one of the Central Asian republic's capitals within the next 20 years.
		Designed to help the experts in each republic prepare comparable reports that were made available at the time of this workshop.
	www.amazon.ca /Seismic-Building-Vulnerability-Central-Republics/dp/0792355873 (458 words)

	ASIANaffairs
		Thus, the Kazakh President invited India to be a partner in the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia (CICA) in June 2002 and Indian Prime Minister A B Vajpayee shared the dais with the Pakistani President in the conference in the Kazakh capital.
		However, in the initial years of independence, the CARs were in a phase of ‘transition’ and were subject to many external pulls and pressures as these former Soviet states sought to articulate their national interests.
		Hence, India and the Central Asian Republics share common threat-perception on issues of small-arms proliferation, narcotic (opium) trade and Islamic extremism originating from Afghanistan and Pakistan.
	asianaffairs.com /march2003/diplomacy_india.htm (1475 words)

	U.S.-CENTRAL ASIAN RELATIONS: A VIEW FROM TURKEY
		While the Central Asian states look to Turkey as a successful example, Ankara wants to spread its own model of secularism in an Islamic society, parliamentary democracy, and a free-market economy.(Yilmaz, 1994; 194) It appears that U.S. cooperation with Turkey regarding Central Asia will continue in the coming years.
		Table 1 shows the total aid given to the Central Asian republics in 1996 and the planned total to be given in 1997.
		The extent to which Central Asia becomes part of the Middle East will also be an interesting development which may draw the involvement of regional powers and affect the area's balance of power.
	meria.idc.ac.il /journal/1997/issue1/jv1n1a4.html (3647 words)

	A War In The Planning for Four Years - How Stupid Do They Think We Are?
		The current Central Asian war is not a response to terrorism, nor is it a reaction to Islamic fundamentalism.
		In a lesser context he describes the Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Iran and Kazakhstan as essential "lesser" nations that must be managed by the U.S. as buffers or counterweights to Russian and Chinese moves to control the oil, gas and minerals of the Central Asian Republics (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan).
		Its independence is critical to the survival of the other Central Asian states, and it is the least vulnerable to Russian pressures." (p.
	www.fromthewilderness.com /free/ww3/zbig.html (2641 words)

	Chinese Policy toward Russia and the Central Asian Republics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This book observes the factors that have recently led the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to pursue a warming of ties with Russia and the former Soviet republics of Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan (countries commonly referred to, in international relations, as the Stans).
		Central to the first consideration is the PRC’s need to maintain the stability of the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR).
		I recommend it to researchers working on a broader topic involving the aforementioned countries or to readers who simply hope to expand their knowledge of the issues that will continue to dominate the balance of power in the region.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/apj/apj00/win00/burles.htm (809 words)

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