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Topic: Central Dogma of Biology

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	Central dogma of molecular biology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is not considered an exception to the central dogma since the sequence of the protein is unchanged.
		They claim that an uncritical reading of the central dogma could inhibit novel approaches to understanding multicellular development of organisms as well as multicellular diseases; that the central dogma is often used as a reductionist research strategy that proceeds bottom up, attempting to explain all biological phenomena in molecular terms.
		Although they don't dispute the very specific reading of the central dogma, these researchers claim that a reductionist research strategy may limit the understanding of complex systems that cannot be analyzed by their molecular interactions alone because of the combinatorial complexity involved (Werner 2005).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Central_dogma (1265 words)

	Evolution: The Central Dogma
		The paradigm of Molecular Biology is The Central Dogma.
		The recently discovered "prions" indicates that there is in fact a mechanism for a type of protein replication, and this goes against the central dogma.
		However, this central dogma of information flow is still upheld to some degree.
	www.geocities.com /we_evolve/Basic_Sci/dogma.html (1201 words)

	Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, a term coined by Sir Francis Crick, states that the flow of genetic information is "DNA to RNA to protein".
		With the discovery of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses, the central dogma was extended with "RNA to DNA".
		The discovery of retroviruses, which transcribe RNA into DNA through the use of a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase has resulted in the modification of the Central Dogma to include an RNA->DNA pathway.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /ce/Central_dogma_of_genetics.html (351 words)

	Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
		The central dogma was put forward [4] at a period when much of what we now know in molecular genetics was not established.
		Because it was abundantly clear by that time that a protein had a well defined three dimensional structure, and that its activity depended crucially on this structure, it was necessary to put the folding-up process on one side, and postulate that, by and large, the polypeptide chain folded itself up.
		Because these were all the possible transfers from protein, the central dogma could be stated in the form "once (sequential) information has passed into protein it cannot get out again" [4].
	www.euchromatin.org /Crick01.htm (1922 words)

	Principles in Biology - Molecular biology of the gene
		He proposed the central dogma of molecular biology that says that genetic information flows from DNA via RNA to proteins.
		The central dogma of molecular biology had soon to be modified when it was discovered that some viruses contain RNA instead of DNA in their genome, and that they are able to make a DNA copy after successfully infecting a host cell.
		Today, the central dogma means that genetic information flows from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, and from nucleic acid to protein, but never from protein to nucleic acid.
	www.whatislife.com /principles/principles13-molecular-biology.htm (607 words)

	Central dogma of genetics - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The central dogma, which with a few rare but notable exceptions has been confirmed, proves that Evolution does not proceed in a teleological "directed" way, as proposed by Lamarck in the 19th century, and considered possible by many biologists before the 1950s (including Charles Darwin).
		The most notable exception to the central dogma is reverse transcription, in which RNA encodes DNA.
		Prions are another exception to the central dogma.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php?title=Central_dogma_of_genetics&redirect=no (381 words)

	Death of the Central Dogma
		The Central Dogma goes hand in glove with the other dogma of biology, the neo-Darwinian theory of evolution by natural selection, which says that the genetic material mutate at random, and individuals which happen to have good genes leave more offspring, just as individuals with bad genes are weeded out.
		But, collected in one freely accessible central database, it is very good for research that exposes the poverty of the genetic determinism ideology that has led to the creation of the database in the first place.
		The evidence against the Central Dogma has piled up to such an extent that rumblings of "challenging the dogma" and "a new theory is needed to replace the central dogma" can even be heard in the mainstream scientific journals.
	www.i-sis.org.uk /DCD.php (1064 words)

	Complementary DNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The central dogma of molecular biology outlines that in synthesizing proteins, DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated into protein.
		One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic mRNA is that eukaryotic mRNA can contain introns (intervening sequences), which are not coding sequences, per se, and must be spliced out of the mRNA before it is translated into protein.
		Note that the central dogma of molecular biology is not broken in this process.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Complementary_DNA (427 words)

	MLA CE Course Manual: Molecular Biology Information Resources (Genetics Review)
		Biology Project, by the University of Arizona, features brief tutorials and corresponding problem sets on a variety of biology topics, including cell biology, human biology, Mendelian Genetics, molecular biology, and others.
		A sample problem in the Human Biology section is 'Web Karyotyping,' in which you play the role of a cytogenetic technician and complete three patient karyotypes, then evaluate and diagnose each patient.
		MIT Biology Hypertextbook is designed to supplement the course materials of MIT Introductory Biology 7.01.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /Class/MLACourse/Original8Hour/Genetics (605 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Central Dogma DNA to RNA to Protein Good succinct text description and accompanying diagrams from Biology Hypertextbook, MIT.
		Overview of Protein Synthesis from Human Biology at the Univ. of Virginia.
		Mutations from the Biology Hypertextbook Different types of pre- and post transciptional errors and their effect on the amino acid sequence.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /bio100/Link_page/dnatoprot.htm (365 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Central Dogma of Biology SHENOY V.V. 14 Oct 2001
		Re: Central Dogma of Biology VENKATARAMANAN NANDAGOPA 16 Oct 2001
		Re: Central Dogma of Biology SHENOY V.V. 16 Oct 2001
	www.sanbi.ac.za /downloads/1.htm (8443 words)

	Greg Bear: Biology: The New Biology, Greg Bear: Words: The New Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Dogma after dogma has fallen in biology in the last thirty years.
		The central dogma-that one gene produces only one protein-died in the last decade with the discovery of alternate splicing.
		The paucity of hypotheses in biological science may be something of an intellectual crime, perpetrated by academics protecting their own fiefdoms against assault by barbarian unbelievers-hardly an atmosphere in which to raise and tutor new generations of biologists.
	www.gregbear.com /A55885/Bear.nsf/Pages/300067 (2403 words)

	Honors General Biology 102H Winter Quarter 2001
		Be able to apply scientific methodology to the study of issues in biology, particularly as they relate to humans.
		Our challenge is to make you sufficiently knowledgeable and enthusiastic about at least certain areas of biology that you will become life-long learners in the field.
		Central dogma of biology; the genetic code; transcription, translation; gene expression in prokaryotes
	www.biology.uc.edu /courses/Syllabi/syllabus_102H_2002_w_heuther.htm (2806 words)

	The Central Dogma - Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The sequence of events outlined by the Central Dogma is elegant in its simplicity, but it has taken the combined efforts of hundreds of scientists and researchers throughout the course of the twentieth century to complete this picture.
		The process involved in going from DNA through RNA to protein is now considered to be one of the most fundamentally important concepts in biology.
		A very simple and straightforward diagram outlining the Central Dogma can be found here.
	www.unc.edu /cell/files/extensions/dogma/links.html (305 words)

	Proteomics: Unleashing the Central Dogma
		The so-called central dogma of biology tells us that DNA codes for RNA, which in turn codes for proteins.
		It is the study of these processes to which proteomics addresses itself - the exploitation of the central dogma.
		Salomon Z Langer, VP of Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery at Compugen told IMS HEALTH's R&Dfocus in an interview that a gene will produce an average of four splice variants.
	www.ims-global.com /insight/news_story/0105/news_story_010501.htm (906 words)

	PPS - Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - Henry Brzeski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		PPS - Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - Henry Brzeski
		The central molecule of life is DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid).
		This serves as an information carrier which is replicated and passed on from one generation to another allowing continued survival of the organism.
	www.herts.ac.uk /natsci/Bio/PPS/dogma.htm (107 words)

	SparkNotes: Structure of Nucleic Acids: Introduction
		Knowledge of these topics is critical before a more complex understanding of advanced molecular biology topics is possible.
		As DNA and RNA are the major molecules of molecular biology, understanding their structure is critical to understanding the mechanisms of gene replication and protein synthesis.
		The structural elements of each of these molecules play key roles in their performance of the various processes of the central dogma.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/molecular/structureofnucleicacids/summary.html (329 words)

	Destinations
		The relationship between DNA and proteins is enshrined in the "Central Dogma" of biology.
		The Central Dogma of Biology (http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/dogma/dogma.html) from MIT’s hypertext explains the relationship between DNA and proteins and provides an overview of the basic features of the genetic code.
		The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology (http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/central.html) from Genentech’s Access Excellence site offers a series of hyperlinked diagrams explaining this key concept.
	wps.prenhall.com /esm_krogh_biology_3/0,8750,1136032-,00.html (346 words)

	Anomaly Identification and Resolution for the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Anomaly Identification and Resolution for the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
		This "dogma" consisted of sketches for the mechanism of protein synthesis.
		Numerous anomalies for the central dogma appeared and numerous anomaly resolution strategies dissolved them.
	www.ishpssb.org /ocs/viewpaper.php?id=59&print=1 (125 words)

	Molecular Modeling 2
		There are twenty different naturally occurring amino acids that differ in one of the 4 groups connected to the central carbon.
		With four different groups attached to the central carbon, all amino acis (except Glycine) are chiral and exists in enantiomers or mirror image forms.
		The process where by DNA is replicated when cells divide, and is transcribed into RNA which is translated into protein is called the Central Dogma of Biology.
	employees.csbsju.edu /HJAKUBOWSKI/classes/ch112/centdogma2proteins.htm (2285 words)

	Chapter 15: The Central Dogma - Introduction
		The Central Dogma of modern biology is the conversion of the genetic message in DNA to a functional mRNA (transcription) and subsequent conversion of the copied genotype to a phenotype in the form of proteins.
		The process of conversion of a mRNA to a functional protein is known as translation.
		It must be performed on an independent basis, since the extensive time commitment does not lend itself to typical laboratory periods.
	homepages.gac.edu /~cellab/chpts/chpt15/intro15.html (269 words)

	Visualizing the Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The central dogma of molecular biology states that information encoded in DNA is transcribed into RNA; RNA is subsequently translated into an amino acid sequence; and the amino acid sequence is modified and folded into a functional protein.
		Although errors may occur at any of these steps, it is only the changes (mutations) in the DNA sequence that are inherited.
		The first tool is the Biology Workbench which is maintained by the San Diego Supercomputer Center and supported by US tax dollars.
	www.physci.wsc.ma.edu /intscimath/02spring/centdogma.html (331 words)

	July 10, 2000
		There has been much ministering about the central dogma of biology over the past few weeks and months -- the central dogma of biology being the conversion of DNA to RNA to protein, and an individual's inventory of DNA being collectively known as a genome.
		Whoever positions himself as the instigator of this potentially new era in medicine and biology will certainly have a good chance.
		If it doesn't, then for the rest of us, we've gotten a whole lot of scientific research for a cost of zero, and that's nothing to cry about.
	www.starchamber.com /minister/genetragedy.html (1032 words)

	Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
		Shown below is an Illustration of the transcription of DNA to RNA to protein which forms the backbone of molecular biology.
		However, the "Central Dogma" has had to be revised a bit.
		It is still not possible to go from Proteins back to RNA or DNA, and no known mechanism has yet been demonstrated for proteins making copies of themselves.
	www.cbs.dtu.dk /staff/dave/DNA_CenDog.html (382 words)

	WEHI - Education - WEHI-TV - DNA - The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology(DNA>RNA>Protein) Part 3
		WEHI-TV The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology (DNA > RNA > Protein)
		The final step in protein synthesis occurs in a complex catalytic machine called the ribosome.
		This page was last modified 03:43 PM (EST) on Tuesday, October 7, 2003.
	www.wehi.edu.au /education/wehi-tv/dna/dogma3.html (492 words)

	Biology
		Included are immunology, recombinant DNA, prokaryotic genetics and gene expression, Mendelian genetics, central dogma of molecular biology, glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, enzyme biochemistry, cell biology, large molecules and chemistry review.
		Biology is the study of animal and plant life.
		If you're planning to become a veterinarian, a doctor, a horticulturist - then you'll want to study your biology books!
	www.aboutschool.com /8biology.htm (196 words)

	The Central Dogma - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The "central dogma" in biology holds that DNA sequence is transcribed into RNA sequence which is then translated into amino acid sequence (and, ultimately, to protein structure and function).
		This process, known as gene expression, can seem like an extremely complex process to those who are unfamiliar with it.
		Much of the information provided here can also be found in good molecular biology textbooks.
	www.unc.edu /cell/files/extensions/dogma/intro.html (310 words)

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