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Topic: Central Kalapuya language

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Northern Kalapuya language

	Ethnologue: USA
		Principally in south central Oklahoma, from Byng or Happyland (near Ada) in the north, and from Davis or Ardmore in the west to Fillmore and Wapanucka in the east.
		Language is dying out in many areas, but is still spoken on Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron by most adults and some younger ones.
		Language use is vigorous in the west and south.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/USA.html (8706 words)

	Kalapuya
		Central Kalapuya language Central Kalapuyan is a Yamhill valleys.
		Kalapuya Treaty The Kalapuya Treaty was an Oregon Territory.
		Northern Kalapuya language Northern Kalupuyan is a Portland.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/kalapuya.html (77 words)

	Linguist List - List of Ancient and Extinct Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The language of diplomacy and culture from the 3rd Millennium BC to the early 1st Millennium.
		The monuments are mostly in a language of the Cholan subgroup, an archaic version of either Chol or ChortÃ; they may also be in one of the Tzeltalan languages, which are closely related to Cholan.
		A possible extinct language or dialect spoken in the eastern Korean peninsula north of Silla (which kingdom was for centuries limited to the SE corner of the peninsula), it was absorbed by Koguryo some time before the demise of the Koguryo kingdom.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/forms/langs/GetListOfAncientLgs.html (2737 words)

	Central Kalapuya language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Central Kalapuyan is a Native American language in Oregon Penutian family, indigenous to the central and southern Willamette Valley in Oregon in the United States.
		The language is closely related to Northern Kalapuyan, spoken in the Tualatin and Yamhill valleys.
		Chemapho dialect, spoken in central Willamette Valley along Muddy Creek.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Central_Kalapuya_language (205 words)

	Northern Kalapuya language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Northern Kalupuyan is a Native American language in the Oregon Penutian family, indigenous to northwestern Oregon in the United States.
		It was spoken by Kalapuyan groups in the northern Willamette Valley southwest of present-day Portland.
		The language is closely related to Central Kalapuyan, spoken by related groups in the central and southern Willamette Valley.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Northern_Kalapuya_language (115 words)

	Penutian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Penutian is a proposed grouping of language families that includes many Native American languages of western North America, predominantly spoken at one time in Washington, Oregon, and California.
		The name is based on the words meaning 'two' in the Wintuan, Maiduan, and Yokutsan languages (which is pronounced something like [pen]) and the Utian languages (which is pronounced something like [uti]).
		A number of the languages are no longer spoken leaving researchers with no new data to work with.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penutian (639 words)

	central heating - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about central heating
		Central heating has its origins in the hypocaust heating system introduced by the Romans nearly 2,000 years ago.
		From the 18th century, steam central heating, usually by pipe, was available in the West and installed in individual houses on an ad hoc basis.
		Central heating systems are usually switched on and off by a time switch.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /central%20heating (392 words)

	Central limit theorem Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Central limit theorems are a set of weak-convergence results in probability theory.
		But, this limit is just the characteristic function of a standard normal distribution, N(0,1), and the central limit theorem follows from the Lévy continuity theorem, which confirms that the convergence of characteristic functions implies convergence in distribution.
		Thus the central limit theorem can be interpreted as a statement about the properties of density functions under convolution: the convolution of a number of density functions tends to the normal density as the number of density functions increases without bound, under the conditions stated above.
	www.articleshead.com /show_article/central-limit-theorem (933 words)

	Don Macnaughtan - Lane Community College Library - American Indian Languages of Western Oregon
		Athapaskan languages were spoken mainly in southwest Oregon, with two tiny pockets of speakers in northwest Oregon, near the mouth of the Columbia River.
		Penutian languages - a family that is rather loosely defined - were spoken on the central Oregon Coast, along the Lower Columbia, in the Cascades, in the Willamette Valley, and in the Rogue Valley.
		An isolated Salish language (Tillamook) was spoken on the northern Oregon coast, and a small pocket of the Hokan family (Shasta) was spoken in the southern Rogue Valley.
	www.lanecc.edu /library/don/orelang.htm (1142 words)

	yourDictionary.com • How Many Indigenous American Languages are Spoken by How Many Speakers in the United States?
		Language scholars believe that prior to the arrival of Columbus, approximately 300 languages were spoken in North America; since then, the number of indigenous languages has dropped considerably.
		Many of the remaining languages are considered moribund, or near extinction, as they have few speakers and these speakers are all elders.
		NCBE is funded by the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages Affairs (OBEMLA) and is operated by the George Washington University, Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Center for the Study of Language and Education.
	www.yourdictionary.com /elr/natlang.html (446 words)

	Don Macnaughtan - Lane Community College Library - Bibliography of the Siuslaw and Kuitsh Indians of the Central Oregon ...
		The language is an isolate, with some affinities to the broad language family known as Penutian.
		It may be related to the Coos languages to the south, and the Alsea to the north, but no definitive conclusions have been reached.
		Barner, Debra C. Shell and archaeology: an analysis of shellfish procurement and utilization on the central Oregon coast.
	www.lanecc.edu /library/don/siuslaw.htm (3431 words)

	César Tovar Center For Cognitive Liberty And Ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Central Bohemian Region Statistics Capital: Prague Area:11,014 km² Population:1,128,674 2002 Map Central Bohemian Region ( Czech: Stredocesky kraj is an administrative unit ( Czech: kraj of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia.
		Central province, Sri Lanka The Central Province of Sri Lanka consists primarily of mountainous terrain.
		Central province Central Provinces exist in several countries including: Central province, Sri Lanka In addition, the central province can refer to the province in the centre of the country such as: Manitoba, Canada.
	www.masterliness.com /9i/Ce.htm (366 words)

	Kalapuya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Kalapuya (also spelled Calapooya or Calapooia) are a Native American ethnic group that once inhabited the area present-day western Oregon in the United States.
		The Kalapuya comprised eight related groups speaking three different languages of the Oregon Penutian family.
		In 1854 they ceded many of their lands to the United States under the Kalapuya Treaty in exchange primarily for money.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/kalapuya (287 words)

	Category:Languages of the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This category is for languages spoken in the United States (including Alaska and Hawaii), whether indigenous or brought by immigrants.
		For more information, see the article about Languages of the United States.
		Articles in category "Languages of the United States"
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Languages_of_the_United_States (76 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Central African Republic at the 2004 Summer Olympics
		Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
		Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China
	www.duosearch.com /encyclopedia/c/ce/index.shtml (61 words)

	Mary's River Band of the Kalapuya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Kalapuya settlements and travel routes were often along the banks of waterways.
		All these bands belonged to the central or Santiam dialect region of Kalapuya, which covered the east valley from Aurora south to Eugene and the drainages of the McKenzie River and middle and western forks of the Willamette, plus the west valley from south of Salem to Eugene.
		Kalapuya fell into disuse, for example, and although one or two elderly people could still speak it in 1930, no one can speak or understand it now.
	www.maryspeak.org /chapinafu.html (1341 words)

	American Indians
		One influential classification grouped all of the languages of North America into six stocks, but recently specialists have questioned the validity of studying such larger units of relationship before the histories of the individual families are understood.
		The affinities of the native languages of the Americas are presumed to reach back across the Bering Strait but date back to a very remote period in the past.
		MOLALE (spoken language extinct): Washington and Oregon in the valley of the Deschutes River, later west into the Molala and Santiam River valleys, and to the headwaters of the Umpqua and Rogue rivers.
	otec.uoregon.edu /american_indians.htm (5026 words)

	Penutian languages -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Geographically the most widespread language on Earth is English, and it is second only to Mandarin Chinese in the number of people who speak it.
		English is the national language of the United...
		From their origins in East-Central Europe, the Slavic languages spread widely and are now spoken throughout most of the Balkans and Eastern Europe, parts of Central Europe, and the northern portion...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9059139 (568 words)

	Northern Kalapuya language - Result for Northern Kalapuya language - Meaning of Northern Kalapuya language - Definition ...
		'''Northern Kalupuyan''' is a Native American language in the Oregon Penutian languages Oregon Penutian family, indigenous to northwestern Oregon in the United States.
		It was spoken by Kalapuyan groups in the northern Willamette Valley southwest of present-day Portland, Oregon Portland.
		The language is closely related to Central Kalapuya language Central Kalapuyan, spoken by related groups in the central and southern Willamette Valley.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Northern_Kalapuya_language.html (195 words)

	Alsea language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Alsea is an extinct language that was originally spoken on the north-central Oregon coast.
		While the genetic classification of Alsea requires further study, it is most often considered to be a Penutian language (as part of a Yakonan or Coast Oregon Penutian subgroup).
		For a glimpse of conditions at Siletz Reservation in 1877, where most of the Alseas lived at the time -- and where the existing texts were collected between 1910 and 1913 -- click to view a letter written by the Indian Agent to his superiors in Washington.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /~gene/alsea.html (355 words)

	The Kalapuya of the Upper Willamette Valley - Neighbors and Nature Forum
		The pre-contact population in the Valley is estimated at 10,000 to 12,000 Kalapuya.
		The Kalapuya were a people who were greatly influenced by and lived within the rhythms of nature and the seasons.
		Re: The Kalapuya of the Upper Willamette Valley Esther Stutzman 23:04:20 8/10/2003 (
	neighbors.designcommunity.com /notes/1347.html (1941 words)

	[No title]
		In addition, warfare (with old enemies and new immigrants), new technologies (iron and firearms), change of economy (to fur trading and sheep grazing), different food sources (farming and federal handouts), and treaties (restricting or removing Indians from traditional lands) all had severe negative consequences on native cultures.
		By the late 1800s, many native languages were becoming extinct and knowledge of the "old" ways was dying.
		He noted that burning by the Kalapuya Indians was accomplished to: Make open prairie, harvest seeds, improve hunting, concentrate big game in unburned areas, and promote the growth of seed- bearing plants.
	anthropology.buffalo.edu /Documents/firebib (7878 words)

	Kalapuya - Art History Online Reference and Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thought to number under 4,000 individuals before contact with whites, the introduction of the diseases of the whites were catastrophic to the Kalapuya people.
		The smallpox epidemic that raged through the Pacific Northwest in 1782-3 may have caused the death of half the bands' population.
		There is no record of the number of fatalities from these illnesses, but it is sufficient to say that the Kalapuya were greatly weakened by the time whites began to show up in numbers the Willamette valley in the middle of the nineteenth century.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Calapooya (388 words)

	Central Kalapuya language - Result for Central Kalapuya language - Meaning of Central Kalapuya language - Definition of ...
		'''Central Kalapuyan''' is a Native American language in Oregon Penutian languages Oregon Penutian family, indigenous to the central and southern Willamette Valley in Oregon in the United States.
		The language is closely related to Northern Kalapuya language Northern Kalapuyan, spoken in the Tualatin River Tualatin and Yamhill River Yamhill valleys.
		There you find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Central Kalapuya language.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Central_Kalapuya_language.html (158 words)

	yourDictionary.com • Endangered Language Initiative• Nearly Extinct Languages
		This is a list of more than 750 languages found designated by Ethnologue as already extinct or nearly extinct today.
		Of course, there are many more languages besides these in danger of extinction by the end of the century, many as yet undiscovered by Europeans.
		This list will give you an idea of where the majority of threatened languages are spoken, if not their exact number.
	www.yourdictionary.com /elr/nextinct.html (94 words)

	Ethnologue: USA
		All but 4 speakers can speak English well.
		Northeastern Kansas: Horton; central Oklahoma: McCloud, Jones; Texas: Nuevo Nacimiento.
		MARTHA'S VINEYARD SIGN LANGUAGE [ MRE ] Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/USA.html (8706 words)

	EveryTongue.com Language Recordings Main page
		Here is the list of languages that you can hear now in Mp3 or Real Media files.
		Here is the list of languages that you can hear if you order the cassette tape.
		Here you can listen to a recording in a language you know and then listen to the same recording in a language that you want to learn.
	www.everytongue.com (531 words)

	Linguistic classification of american indians
		Language classification proposed by Charles F. and Florence M. Voegelin (1966)
		means a unique language with few or no elements in common with other languages
		Language families proposed by Campbell and Mithun (1979)
	hjem.tele2adsl.dk /johnmadsen/Indian/indian0.html (176 words)

	Related WordNet synsets for SUMO concept NaturalLanguage
		the branch of the Austronesian languages spoken from Madagascar to the central Pacific
		Himalayish language spoken in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal
		a prehistoric unrecorded language that was the ancestor of all Indo-European languages
	icosym-nt.cvut.cz /kifb/wordnet/_natural_language.html (4976 words)

	How Many Indigenous American Languages are Spoken in the United States? By How Many Speakers?
		Figures on current language use vary (Crystal, 1987; Krauss, 1998; Grimes, 1997) but indicate that roughly half of these languages are now extinct.
		Table 1 arranges the languages alphabetically, while Table 2 arranges them according to number of speakers.
		Hinton (1998) suggests that one reason for these different estimates is varying interpretations of language differentiation -- some languages may be considered either distinct languages or simply dialects.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~jcamacho/363/nativetoday.htm (437 words)

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