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	Central Treaty Organization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Central Treaty Organization (also referred to as CENTO, original name was Middle East Treaty Organization or METO, also known as the Baghdad Pact) was adopted in 1955 by Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan, and Iran, as well as Britain.
		Although American pressure, along with promises of military and economic largesse, were key in the negotiations leading to the agreement, the United States chose not to initially participate as to avoid alienating Arab states with which it was still attempting to cultivate friendly relations.
		With the fall of the Iranian monarchy, whatever remaining rationale for the organization was lost.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization (710 words)

	Southeast Asia Treaty Organization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), also known as the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty or the Manila Pact, was an international organisation for defence collaboration established on September 8, 1954.
		Despite this, it was unable to intervene in the early conflicts of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam because an intervention required a decision of unanimity, which was never reached; France and the Philippines objected.
		The official leader of the organization from 1957 was known as the secretary-general.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization (280 words)

	Search Results for organization - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Until March 1959 the organization was known as the Middle East Treaty...
		organization, either public or private, that provides comprehensive medical care to a group of voluntary subscribers, on the basis of a prepaid contract.
		Data organization and storage are among the important tasks for database analysts and administrators.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=organization&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (451 words)

	Central Treaty Organization - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Central Treaty Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Military alliance that replaced the Baghdad Pact in 1959; it collapsed when the withdrawal of Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey in 1979 left the UK as the only member.
		Central Traffic Control N.S.Y. Central Training Academy (security training institution)
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Central%20Treaty%20Organization (109 words)

	Organization (from North Atlantic Treaty Organization) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Republican”; his failure to receive the presidential nomination in 1948 and 1952 was indicative of the defeat of isolationism by the internationalist wing of the party.
		Until March 1959 the organization was known as the Middle East Treaty Organization, included Iraq, and had its headquarters in Baghdad.
		The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a political and military alliance between the United States, Canada, and numerous European countries.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-5322 (895 words)

	Chapter 9: POLITICAL ORGANIZATION
		The Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, which ended the War of the Spanish Succession, exhibits the use of compensations to maintain the balance; the French Bourbons and Austrian Hapsburgs divided Spanish territorial possessions between them in a manner calculated to conserve the European equilibrium.
		The student of international organization must recognize the United Nations for what it quite properly is, a revised League, no doubt improved in some respects, possibly weaker in others, but nonetheless a League, a voluntary association of nations, carrying on largely in the League tradition and by the League methods.
		NATO was a stronger regional organization than the Arab League because it was not torn by dynastic struggles, and because it was composed of great as well as lesser powers, which might ward off outside economic and political penetration.
	www.grazian-archive.com /politics/PolOrganization/PO_C09.htm (8820 words)

	Asia Times Online - The trusted source for news on Central Asia
		During prime minister Suleyman Demirel's official visit to Moscow on May 25-26, 1992, the "Treaty on the Principles of Relations between the Republic of Turkey and the Russian Federation" was signed, replacing an earlier but similar treaty bearing the same title.
		This treaty established the legal basis of relations between the two countries and also confirmed their willingness to improve this relationship.
		The initiative to bring the new Central Asian Turkic countries together was taken by Ozal, but unfortunately he died in 1993.
	atimes.com /atimes/Central_Asia/FH28Ag01.html (3758 words)

	An Address, NWC Review, Winter 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The third major problem area in central war which will concern the future leadership is the likelihood of continuing proliferation of national nuclear weapons and their delivery systems.
		During the Cuban missile crisis, for example, it was the Organization of American States, acting as a regional association under the authority of the United Nations Charter, which voted for surveillance of Cuba to prove that a violation of the accepted concept of world order and stability had occurred.
		It was this same organization which authorized the establishment of a quarantine around Cuba to enforce the corporate will that the status quo ante must be restored.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/1998/winter/art4-w98.htm (3026 words)

	Strategic Significance of Pakistan
		This romanticized view of the wellsprings of Pakistani culture was reinforced by the separation of Bangladesh in 1971 and the emergence of strengthened bonds with the Islamic states to the West.
		The relative success of the Economic Cooperation Organization and the failure of SAARC are institutional reflections of the tighter linkage of Pakistan with Central Asia than with the subcontinent.
		Pakistan was linked to the United States by the Mutual Defence Treaty of 1954 as well as by membership in the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1954.
	www.defencejournal.com /oct98/strategic_significance.htm (5837 words)

	cb7767 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		But an event such as Nations A and B concluding a treaty regarding the use of water resources on their joint borders will be assigned two values-- first 7 and then 5.
		They are part of the opposition, unions, or organized groups in one sense or another, who oppose the government and its policies.
		When coding, events reported in our sources are assumed to be factual; we realize that this assumption is sometimes unwarranted, but as long as we are systematic at the coding level, the researcher (user) can ignore analyze, or study such "contradictory" events in the manner he deems best.
	www.ssc.upenn.edu /ssc/ssdc/codebooks/cb7767.html (10763 words)

	Turkey after Atatürk
		When a tour of central Anatolia by CHP leader Inönü in early 1960 became the occasion for outbreaks of violence along his route, the Menderes government reacted by suspending all political activity and imposing martial law.
		An economic planning agency, the State Planning Organization, was established to study social and economic conditions and to draw up the country's five-year development plans.
		Turkey was admitted to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO--see Glossary) in 1952, and in 1955 joined with Britain, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan in the Baghdad Pact, a multilateral defense agreement that became the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) after the overthrow of the Iraqi monarchy in 1958.
	countrystudies.us /turkey/15.htm (3121 words)

	Welcome to The American Presidency
		The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) covertly established anti-Communist regimes in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1954); it also engaged in less successful actions in Indonesia (1958) and Laos (1960) and began to plot against pro-Communist Cuban dictator Fidel Castro.
		The administration concluded a mutual defense treaty (ratified 1955) with Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist Chinese government on Taiwan and twice risked war over Communist attempts to occupy the Nationalist-held islands of Quemoy and Matsu.
		A further step in this direction was the establishment of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1954, the first of a series of alliance systems directed against Communist expansion in the developing world.
	ap.grolier.com /article?assetid=0094530-0&templatename=/article/article.html (1939 words)

	WPJ Summer 2003 - The End of Alliances By Menon
		The treaty is to remain in effect "indefinitely" unless either side gives a one-year notice of intent to terminate it.
		This is all to the good: the problems of diplomacy and national security are variegated, and states (and organizations) that are useful and appropriate for the pursuit of one goal will not necessarily be the ones best suited for another.
		The first security treaty, "The Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan," was signed on September 8, 1951, and entered into force on April 28, 1952, but it has expired and been superceded by the 1960 treaty.
	www.worldpolicy.org /journal/articles/wpj03-2/menon.html (10063 words)

	Opinion
		The relief from the tensions of the cold war, of which Pakistan was an active participant having joined two different military pacts with USA, the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) and the South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), both specifically designed to contain spread of Communism into the two regions.
		However, the US move into Central Asia with its large oil and gas reserves and her declared intention of staying in that region has alarmed her newly befriended Russia.
		Further, the American Right’s recent resolve to replace Saddam Hussain in Iraq containing the only remaining large reservoir of oil in the world outside of US control, has truly disturbed Russia, France and Germany; all of whom were deeply interested in free and unhindered flow of that oil to their countries.
	www.defencejournal.com /2002/nov/era.htm (1766 words)

	Military.com Content
		The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty - Multilateral agreement among the nations of the South Pacific.
		November 28 - The 131st U.S. B-52 bomber with ALCMs is deployed, exceeding the 130 limit, thus negating the SALT II Treaty.
		The START treaty is signed, signifying further reductions in nuclear arms.
	www.military.com /Content/MoreContent1?file=cw_timeline (1498 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Parentheses following the entry contain the standard acronym for that organization and, in most cases, that acronym is used as the organization(s variable in the data set.
		If the organization does not have a recognized acronym, a unique variable name has been assigned and that is contained in brackets.
		A variable name assigned for an organization that differs from the recognized acronym is listed following the acronym and is designated by brackets.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/CIOadd2.doc (133 words)

	Notecards 1301-1350
		To counter the NATO buildup, the Soviets formed this military organization with the nations of Eastern Europe.
		Treaty to improve U.S. relations and cooperation with Latin and South America.
		After WWII, Korea had been partitioned along the 38th parallel into a northern zone governed by the Soviet Union, and a southern zone controlled by the U.S. In 1950, after the Russians had withdrawn, leaving a communist government in the North, the North invaded the South.
	www.apstudent.com /ushistory/cards/cards27.html?PHPSESSID=6f836a662d25e861d50d76405654ee6c (1821 words)

	Mark Riebling, "A New Alliance"
		For example, the United States was for decades a member of the South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), an alliance formed to provide defense against Communist aggression in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific.
		Similarly, the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) was a mutual defense alliance founded in 1959 by Iran, Pakistan, Turkey and the United Kingdom, with the United States as a de facto member.
		It is through this alliance (how about calling it AATO, for Anti-terror Alliance Treaty Organization) that the impending war in Iraq could be fought.
	www.markriebling.com /archives/00000197.html (739 words)

	Baghdad Pact
		The Baghdad Pact is also know under the more correct terms of Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), which was the term used after Iraq left in 1959.
		It is also referred to Middle East Treaty Organization.
		The treaty was initiated by USA and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, consisting of most West European countries, Turkey, USA and Canada) as part of the aim of creating a worldwide chain of anti-Soviet alliances.
	i-cias.com /e.o/baghdad_pact.htm (392 words)

	Guide Introduction: The Lyndon B. Johnson National Security Files–Agency, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bundy's job was to organize those meetings, see that the right people were there, and report results back to departments and agencies.
		Because of the National Security Council's central role in the decision-making process, its files comprise a crucial source for the study of foreign policy in the Johnson years.
		Also included are materials relating to international organizations such as the United Nations and regional groupings such as the NATO and the Alliance for Progress.
	www.lexisnexis.com /academic/guides/area_studies/nsf/nsflbj2.asp (3195 words)

	History of the Iowa National Guard: The Vietnam Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Happily, for those many Iowans aware of the acclaimed World War II achievements of both organizations, they were returned to the rolls of the Iowa National Guard in the early 1990s.
		A system of military alliances was established, including NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) and CENTO (Central Treaty Organization).
		In 1960, this civil war intensified, as communist guerillas (known as the Viet Cong) organized the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam.
	www.iowanationalguard.com /pages/Pub_Affair/history/non_images/Vietnam_Era.html (1549 words)

	US CODE: Title 22,1928. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
		Annual appropriations to meet the obligations of membership in various international organizations were contained in acts listed in a note set out under section 269a of this title.
		“(a) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that the President should, in conjunction with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, encourage appropriate cooperative relationships between the Russian Federation and the United States and North Atlantic Treaty Organization with respect to the development and deployment of ballistic missile defenses.
		“(15) The admission to NATO of emerging democracies in Central and Eastern Europe which are found to be in a position to further the principles of the Washington Treaty would contribute to international peace and enhance the security of the region.
	www.law.cornell.edu /uscode/html/uscode22/usc_sec_22_00001928----000-notes.html (11525 words)

	Central Asia/Russia
		As a mainly ceremonial head of state with limited power in shaping Turkey's domestic and foreign polices, his visit was not salient in its immediate achievements for both countries, but it was very significant for its political gesture.
		Turkey's growing military ties with Israel and the permanent stationing of 12 percent of the Israeli air force in Turkey have been a major source of security concern for Iran, despite Turkey's efforts to underestimate their significance, a rather difficult goal to achieve given the hostile state of Iranian-Israeli relations.
		In particular, the issue of their involvement in the Caspian oil industry, including the export of Caspian oil to international markets via Iran or Turkey over which the two countries have been competing since the mid-1990s, has contributed to an atmosphere of mistrust and, on occasions, hostility.
	www.atimes.com /c-asia/DF25Ag01.html (1120 words)

	Pakistan The United States Alliance - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		India, committed itself to nonalignment, had come into sharp disagreement with the United States in the United Nations when it refused to censure China as an aggressor in the Korean War and thus was viewed by the United States as a voice for communist appeasement.
		India's refusal to join the United States-sponsored 1951 Treaty of Peace with Japan--a pact among nations designed among other purposes to recruit Japan as an ally against communist inroads in Asia--further divided the two countries.
		Pakistan also became a member of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1954 and joined the Baghdad Pact, later renamed the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) in 1959.
	www.photius.com /countries/pakistan/national_security/pakistan_national_security_the_united_states_al~10432.html (934 words)

	MSN Encarta - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
		Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), alliance of nations to provide defense and economic cooperation in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific area.
		Like the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Southeast Asian alliance was intended to prevent the spread of communism; but unlike the NATO pact, the SEATO agreement did not obligate one member to assist another against a military threat.
		Although SEATO sanctioned the U.S. military effort in Vietnam, and although several SEATO members sent troops to fight there, SEATO itself played no direct role in the war.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761576417 (260 words)

	External Security and the Issue of Development in Pakistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		India’s attitude that it should not engage in dialogue with the military rulers of Pakistan is a lame excuse and absolutely unfounded, as India has settled most of the issues with Pakistan when the latter was under military rule.
		The Indus Waters Treaty was negotiated and signed during Field Marshall Ayub Khan’s dictatorship in 1960.
		Pakistan’s withdrawal from the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1973 and the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) in 1979 further signaled its alignment with these Muslim states.
	www.acdis.uiuc.edu /Research/S&Ps/2003-04-Wi/S&P-Wi-2003/external_security.html (3295 words)

	Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Executing political assassinations is the responsibility of the CIA under the supervision of an oversight committee called the Special Group, located in the Old Executive Office Building.
		The permanent members of the Special Group--the national security advisor, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the deputy secretary of defense, the undersecretary of state for political affairs, and the director of central intelligence--underscore the fact that political assassinations are foreign-policy directives, not operations by rogue agents.
		For instance, Al Qaeda is a terrorist organization, but the Al Qaeda-supported Kosovo Liberation Army is not.
	www.chroniclesmagazine.org /Chronicles/January2003/0103Fallon.html (1254 words)

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