
	Where results make sense

Topic: Central dogma of modern biology

	Dogma - Information from Reference.com
		Dogma (the plural is either dogmata or dogmas, Greek δόγμα, plural δόγματα) is the established belief or doctrine held by a religion, ideology or any kind of organization, thought to be authoritative and not to be disputed or doubted.
		As a fundamental element of religion, the term "dogma" is assigned to those theological tenets which are considered to be well demonstrated, such that their proposed disputation or revision effectively means that a person no longer accepts the given religion as his or her own, or has entered into a period of personal doubt.
		Dogmas are thought to be anathema to science and scientific analysis, though some small groups may argue that the scientific method itself is somewhat dogmatic.
	www.reference.com /search?q=Dogma (517 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Biology is a branch of science employing the scientific method to characterize and investigate knowledge.
		Biology has become such a vast research enterprise that it is not generally regarded as a single discipline, but a number do assist in understanding the genetic variation of a population; and physiology borrows extensively from cell biology in describing the function of organ systems.
		Evolutionary biology is mainly based on paleontology, which uses the fossil record to answer questions about the mode and tempo of evolution, as well as the developments in areas such as population genetics and evolutionary theory.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Biology (2948 words)

	math lessons - Central dogma of molecular biology
		The central dogma of molecular biology was first enuciated by Francis Crick in 1958 and re-stated in a Nature paper published in 1970.
		The central dogma is not really a dogma in the traditional sense of the word - like all scientific theories it is modified as we learn more details of the processes.
		The biggest revolution in the central dogma was the discovery of retroviruses, which transcribe RNA into DNA through the use of a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase has resulted in an exception to the central dogma; RNA → DNA → RNA → protein.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Central_dogma_of_modern_biology (776 words)

	Central Dogma Joke
		Legend has it that the term dogma was originally meant as a joke, which to the extent that a dogma is most often associated to an unquestioned system of principles or tenets upheld by the church is probably true.
		In stead biology was lead to accept the digitalistic view of causality embedded in the idea of an information flow as instituted by the central dogma.
		Biology, considered as a unified science, is supposed to bridge the enormous evolutionary gap left in between physics and the humanities, i.e.
	www.imbf.ku.dk /MolBioPages/abk/PersonalPages/Jesper/CentralDogma.html (4163 words)

	Pharyngula::Deficiencies in modern evolutionary theory
		The central one is that while “nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution”, some important disciplines within biology, development and physiology, have only been weakly integrated into the theory.
		She lists 6 general problems in evolutionary biology that could be corrected with a better assimilation of modern developmental biology.
		One painful thing for developmental biologists reading the literature of evolutionary biology is the way development is often reduced to a metaphor, and usually it is a metaphor that minimizes the role of development.
	pharyngula.org /index/weblog/comments/deficiencies_in_modern_evolutionary_theory (1506 words)

	Biology at Kuemper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		In the introductory Biology I course, considerable emphasis is placed on the study of cells and cell structure; the beginnings of life on earth and how that life has evolved to the forms which live on earth today.
		Modern biology studies, however, have made the remarkable observation that all life forms, regardless of type, share a common mechanism of structural and functional determination.
		That mechanism is expressed as the Central Dogma of Biology which states that the genetic material of all living things is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and that the coded genetic information of DNA is translated into proteins (e.g.
	www.kuemper.pvt.k12.ia.us /science/biology.html (748 words)

	Molecular biology Summary
		Molecular biology is a multifaceted discipline of recent origin, having emerged in the 1980s from the related fields of biochemistry, genetics, and cell biology.
		Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication, transcription and translation of the genetic material.
		The central dogma of molecular biology where genetic material is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein, despite being an oversimplified picture of molecular biology, still provides a good starting point for understanding the field.
	www.bookrags.com /Molecular_biology (6989 words)

	Hepatitis C: The Facts: Viruses: The Central Dogma
		A central question, either implicit or explicit, has related to how is that information contained in a single cell and how is it passed on to its offspring.
		Once it is operational, it needs to be able to copy all of the information present in the original master documents and send that information out into the world in a way that allows another factory, a duplicate of the original factory, to be built and to become fully functional on its own.
		The central dogma states that the instructions that determine and guide the structure, development, and internal processes of a living cell are contained in a unique and beautiful informational molecule called "deoxyribonucleic acid," abbreviated as DNA.
	www.epidemic.org /theFacts/viruses/centralDogma.html (1327 words)

	History of biology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The end of the 19th century saw debates over spontaneous generation and the rise of the germ theory of disease and the fields of cytology, bacteriology and physiological chemistry, though the problem of inheritance was still a mystery.
		The word biology is formed by combining the Greek βίος (bios), meaning "life", and the suffix '-logy', meaning "science of", "knowledge of", "study of", based on the Greek verb λεγειν, 'legein' = "to select", "to gather" (cf.
		These ideas continued to be developed in the discipline of population genetics and in the second half of the century began to be applied in the new discipline of the genetics of behavior, sociobiology, and, especially in humans, evolutionary psychology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_biology (4711 words)

	rob carlson :: biology is technology
		Mathematical approaches are flourishing in biology, particularly in the interpretation of large data sets produced by genomic and proteomic studies.
		A major triumph of modern biology is the identification of some heritable traits with the information content of a sequence of bases, that is, with a single gene.
		Part of the “Central Dogma” of molecular biology, as Francis Crick called it in 1957[1], is that information flows from DNA, to RNA, to protein.
	www.biologyistechnology.com /learningtofly_ch4.htm (2572 words)

	Developing Bioinformatics Computer Skills: Chapter 1: Biology in the Computer Age
		Biology as a science of the specific means that biologists need to remember a lot of details as well as general principles.
		A modern taxonomy of the earth's millions of species is too complicated for even the most zealous biologist to memorize, and fortunately computers now provide a way to maintain and access the taxonomy of species.
		The implicit goals of modern molecular biology are, simply stated, to read the entire genomes of living things, to identify every gene, to match each gene with the protein it encodes, and to determine the structure and function of each protein.
	www.oreilly.com /catalog/bioskills/chapter/ch01.html (6441 words)

	Principles in Biology - Molecular biology of the gene
		He proposed the central dogma of molecular biology that says that genetic information flows from DNA via RNA to proteins.
		The central dogma of molecular biology had soon to be modified when it was discovered that some viruses contain RNA instead of DNA in their genome, and that they are able to make a DNA copy after successfully infecting a host cell.
		Today, the central dogma means that genetic information flows from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, and from nucleic acid to protein, but never from protein to nucleic acid.
	www.whatislife.com /principles/principles13-molecular-biology.htm (607 words)

	Environmental Ethics
		In a modern pantheism, responsibility for environmental protection is placed in every human being, and through the way of devotion, each person can be motivated to virtuous action on behalf of the environment which sustains us.
		The modern pantheist views the opportunity to interact with God-as-nature as an ethical religious pursuit compatible with a sound understanding and respect for the natural world as opposed to supernatural fiction.
		The modern form of pantheism provides for a religious faith which is concerned with human understanding, appreciation, and preservation of the natural world.
	www.pantheist.net /society/modern_pantheism_approach.html (5224 words)

	EGO Magazine: Mathematical Laws Of Biology
		The state of affairs in biology today is – for the lack of better word - catastrophic in all of its forms, including molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, genomics, proteomics, physiology and bioinformatics.
		As a result, biology and its graduate programs as they stand today will scare away any intelligent mind having even basic ability for abstraction or clear thought, as opposed to memorization or manual dexterity which seems to be in vogue in modern biology.
		Biology as a study of all living organisms is order of magnitudes more significant than the other sciences.
	www.egothemag.com /archives/2005/11/mathematical_la.htm (1268 words)

	The Modern Synthesis of Genetics and Evolution
		During the first part of this century the incorporation of genetics and population biology into studies of evolution led to a Neo-Darwinian theory of evolution that recognized the importance of mutation and variation within a population.
		The founders of the Modern Synthesis insisted that macroevolution could be explained by microevolution and no additional mechanisms, such as the bogeyman of saltation, were required.
		In other words, the Modern Synthesis is a theory about how evolution works at the level of genes, phenotypes, and populations whereas Darwinism was concerned mainly with organisms, speciation and individuals.
	bioinfo.med.utoronto.ca /Evolution_by_Accident/Modern_Synthesis.html (1101 words)

	Prion
		Prior to Prusiner's insight, all known pathogens (bacteria, viruses, etc.) contained nucleic acids that are necessary for reproduction.
		The prion hypothesis was highly controversial, because it seemed to contradict the "central dogma of modern biology" that asserts all living organisms use nucleic acids to reproduce.
		Rather than contradicting the central role of DNA, however, the prion hypothesis suggests a special case in which merely changing the shape, or conformation, of a protein (without changing its amino acid sequence) can alter its biological properties.
	www.ibpassociation.org /encyclopedia/Chemistry/Prion.php (1196 words)

	Wag the dogma - Nature Genetics
		Francis Crick's central dogma is dead, and the creaky, DNA-based edifice of genetics and biotechnology is baseless.
		The central dogma, according to Commoner, assumes that "an organism's genome...should fully account for its characteristic assemblage of inherited traits." He continues, arguing that "The premise, unhappily, is false.
		An alternative explanation for the indifference that has greeted the downfall of the central dogma is that, in the strictest sense, it isn't true.
	www.nature.com /ng/journal/v30/n4/full/ng0402-343.html (648 words)

	Haraway_CyborgManifesto.html
		Modern medicine is also full of cyborgs, of couplings between organism and machine, each conceived as coded devices, in an intimacy and with a power that was not generated in the history of sexuality.
		Biology and evolutionary theory over the last two centuries have simultaneously produced modern organisms as objects of knowledge and reduced the line between humans and animals to a faint trace re-etched in ideological struggle or professional disputes between life and social science.
		Furthermore, communications sciences and modern biologies are constructed by a common move - the translation of the world into a problem of coding, a search for a common language in which all resistance to instrumental control disappears and all heterogeneity can be submitted to disassembly, reassembly, investment, and exchange.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/HPS/Haraway/CyborgManifesto.html (12077 words)

	Biology Department - Morgan State University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		It requires biology elective courses and a research thesis based upon individual laboratory research in the field of biology.
		The relatedness of life forms through the central dogma concept is the fundamental driving force in explaining the how and why of studying simpler organisms as a prelude to an understanding of the more complex systems.
		The major topics of discussions will be: structure, function and biogenesis of macromolecules and cellular organelles, cell membrane and the cytoskeleton, membrane transport mechanisms, cell surface and intracellular communication, energy requirements for cellular activities, synthesis and sorting, distribution of specific organellular proteins and their major role in overall cellular function.
	jewel.morgan.edu /~biology/graduate (1120 words)

	Essential Bioinformatics - Cambridge University Press
		The reason that the functions of a cell can be better understood by analyzing sequence data is ultimately because the flow of genetic information is dictated by the “central dogma” of biology in which DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated to proteins.
		The ultimate goal of this endeavor is to transform biology from a qualitative science to a quantitative and predictive science.
		One of the hallmarks of modern genomic research is the generation of enormous amounts of raw sequence data.
	www.cambridge.org /aus/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521840988&ss=exc (2861 words)

	Critical Genetics -- Barry Commoner - The Most Common Criticism
		The central dogma has been recognized for decades as an oversimplification of how nature works, and the [article's] cited counter examples are familiar to any undergraduate majoring in molecular biology....
		In contrast, the article's critics have restricted the scope of the central dogma solely to the Sequence Hypothesis, apparently even unaware that Crick had originally applied the term "Central Dogma" to the very hypothesis that they now ignore.
		It would appear that, confronted with the growing clash between the experimental evidence and their version of the central dogma, molecular geneticists, rather than granting Crick's original theory the dignity of seriously reevaluating it, have instead condemned it to the ignominious rank of public relations.
	www.criticalgenetics.org /common_crit.htm (1035 words)

	central dogma - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about central dogma
		In genetics and evolution, the fundamental belief that genes can affect the nature of the physical body, but that changes in the body (acquired character, for example, through use or accident) cannot be translated into changes in the genes.
		Central Earth Station (component of satellite communication system)
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Central+Dogma (108 words)

	Anti-Aging Medicine & Science Blog
		The state of affairs in biology today is - for the lack of better word - catastrophic in all of its forms, including molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, genomics, proteomics, physiology and bioinformatics.
		As a result, biology and its graduate programs as they stand today will scare away any intelligent mind having even basic ability for abstraction or clear thought, as opposed to memorization or manual dexterity which seems to be in vogue in modern biology.
		Biology as a study of all living organisms is order of magnitudes more significant than the other sciences.
	www.anti-ageing.us /blogger.html (3757 words)

	Molecular Biology (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		The field of molecular biology studies macromolecules and the macromolecular mechanisms found in living things, such as the molecular nature of the gene and its mechanisms of gene replication, mutation, and expression.
		Given the fundamental importance of these macromolecular mechanisms throughout the history of molecular biology, it will be argued that a philosophical focus on the concept of a mechanism generates the clearest picture of molecular biology's history, concepts, and case studies utilized by philosophers of science.
		Judson, Horace Freeland (1980), “Reflections on the Historiography of Molecular Biology”, Minerva 18: 369-421.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/molecular-biology (13044 words)

	central dogma
		In the Nature study, Block and his colleagues tackled a fundamental principal of biology known as the central dogma, which states that in living organisms...
		The tendency to forcibly remould modern times to suit the central dogma instead of suiting the central dogma to modern times will not bear fruit.
		The central dogma of the unregulated, free market is as false as silicone breasts, though its specifics are rarely expressed outright.
	www.mongabay.com /igapo/biotech/central_dogma.html (198 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)