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Topic: Central dogma of molecular biology

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Central dogma of genetics

Translation (genetics)

Messenger RNA

Transcription (genetics)

Molecular biology

Transcription factor

DNA replication

Retrovirus

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Dogma

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	Central dogma of molecular biology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is not considered an exception to the central dogma since the sequence of the protein is unchanged.
		They claim that an uncritical reading of the central dogma could inhibit novel approaches to understanding multicellular development of organisms as well as multicellular diseases; that the central dogma is often used as a reductionist research strategy that proceeds bottom up, attempting to explain all biological phenomena in molecular terms.
		Although they don't dispute the very specific reading of the central dogma, these researchers claim that a reductionist research strategy may limit the understanding of complex systems that cannot be analyzed by their molecular interactions alone because of the combinatorial complexity involved (Werner 2005).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Central_dogma (1112 words)

	Molecular biology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level.
		Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication, transcription and translation of the genetic material.
		Molecular biology was established in the 1930s, the term was first coined by Warren Weaver in 1938 however.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Molecular_biology (1593 words)

	ipedia.com: Central dogma of molecular biology Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		With the discovery of reverse transcriptase in ret...
		The central dogma of molecular biology, a term coined by Sir Francis Crick, states that the flow of genetic information is "DNA to RNA to protein".
		With the discovery of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses, the central dogma was extended with "RNA to DNA".
	www.ipedia.com /central_dogma_of_molecular_biology.html (421 words)

	The Sarkar Challenge to Biosemiotics
		The underlying (biosemiotic) idea would be that these concepts keeps reappearing in molecular biology not just because of their metaphorical qualities which make them convenient devices for exposition of existing knowledge and for creating new conjectures, but because the very subject matter of molecular biology is communication and sign interpretation within and between cells.
		Applying a concerted set of approaches is possibly necessary to attack some of the unsolved riddles in biology, such as the origin of life (and with it, the genetic code), the origin of the eukaryotic cell and the early evolution of multicellular organisms, where reductionist explanations given entirely on the molecular level seem to fail.
		Important insights from molecular biology about the role of biological information for the possibility of complex self-organization need to be integrated with both thermodynamic and computational approaches to living systems and with biosemiotic foundational research.
	www.nbi.dk /~emmeche/cePubl/99c.Sarkar3c.html (6145 words)

	Evolution: The Central Dogma
		The paradigm of Molecular Biology is The Central Dogma.
		The recently discovered "prions" indicates that there is in fact a mechanism for a type of protein replication, and this goes against the central dogma.
		However, this central dogma of information flow is still upheld to some degree.
	www.geocities.com /we_evolve/Basic_Sci/dogma.html (1201 words)

	Central dogma of molecular biology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The central dogma is not really a dogma in the traditional sense of the word, like all scientific theories it is modified as we learn more details of the processes.
		The biggest revolution in the central dogma was the discovery of retroviruses, which transcribe RNA into DNA through the use of a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase has resulted in an exception to the central dogma; RNA->DNA->RNA->protein.
		With the discovery of prions, a new exception to the central dogma has been discovered, Protein->Protein.
	www.medicaliterature.com /Central_dogma_of_genetics.wik (650 words)

	Central dogma of molecular biology - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Central dogma of molecular biology
		In genetics and evolution, the fundamental belief that genes can affect the nature of the physical body, but that changes in the body (acquired character, for example, through use or accident) cannot be translated into changes in the genes.
		Central Economic Society for the Grand Duchy of Poznan
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Central+dogma+of+molecular+biology (123 words)

	Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
		The central dogma was put forward [4] at a period when much of what we now know in molecular genetics was not established.
		Because these were all the possible transfers from protein, the central dogma could be stated in the form "once (sequential) information has passed into protein it cannot get out again" [4].
		It might indeed have "profound implications for molecular biology" [1] if any of these special transfers could be shown to be general, or -- if not in all cells -- at least to be widely distributed.
	www.euchromatin.org /Crick01.htm (1922 words)

	Molecular Biology In Otolaryngology
		This presentation aims to present a basic outline of molecular biology and genetics as it relates to the current practice of otolaryngology, with special attention paid to recent developments and likely therapeutic options in the near future.
		There are four basic techniques which serve as the foundation for research in molecular biology: the Southern Blot, the Northern Blot, the Western Blot, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
		Molecular Biology and the ENT Surgeon in the Millennium.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Molec-biol-2003-0917/Molec-biol-2003-0917.htm (4833 words)

	Current Unit
		The central dogma of molecular biology s as follows: DNA is replicated to make more, identical DNA.
		They follow the central dogma and use cells to make their parts in the exact same way cells create their own parts.
		Using the central dogma of molecular biology follow the life cycles of the three different types of viruses.
	www.msu.edu /~isaacska/WebPlans_Bio/unit.htm (748 words)

	Central dogma of genetics - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The central dogma, which with a few rare but notable exceptions has been confirmed, proves that Evolution does not proceed in a teleological "directed" way, as proposed by Lamarck in the 19th century, and considered possible by many biologists before the 1950s (including Charles Darwin).
		The most notable exception to the central dogma is reverse transcription, in which RNA encodes DNA.
		Prions are another exception to the central dogma.
	www.evowiki.org /index.php/Central_dogma (381 words)

	Indiana University Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Central Dogma of molecular biology is that DNA sequence determines messenger RNA sequence, which in turn determines amino acid sequence.
		One of the central, unsolved problems in molecular biology is the code by which a given amino acid sequence determines a 3D fold.
		This trail has led to a new classification scheme for molecular recognition, a new classification scheme for structure/sequence relationships, and a proposed critical role for disordered regions in the evolution of molecular biological networks.
	www.biochemistry.iupui.edu /personnel/Dunker (587 words)

	[No title]
		The material does not necessarily reflect the current or past opinions of members of the UTMB faculty and should not be used for purposes of diagnosis or treatment without consulting appropriate literature sources and informed professional opinion." Introduction The year 2003 marked a major milestone in the realm of genetics and molecular biology.
		Techniques First, the “central dogma” of molecular biology: DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.
		Tumor Biology and Immunology According to Vogelstein, development of cancer involves a genetic progression requiring the sequential acquisition of several mutations.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Molec-biol-2003-0917/Molec-biol-2003-0917.doc (4534 words)

	Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL): Largest computational biology simulation mimics life's most essential nanomachine
		The ribosome is the ancient molecular factory responsible for synthesizing proteins in all organisms.
		Sanbonmatu's study focuses on decoding, the essential phase during protein synthesis within the cell wherein information transfers from RNA to protein, completing the information flow specified by Francis Crick in 1958 and known as the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology.
		In developing the project, the team identified a corridor inside the ribosome that the transfer RNA must pass through for the decoding to occur, and it appears to be constructed almost entirely of universal bases, implying that it is evolutionarily ancient.
	www.lanl.gov /news/index.php?fuseaction=home.story&story_id=7428 (1135 words)

	Schrödinger and Morse Code (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This idea is actually the basis for the "Central Dogma" of molecular biology.
		Shown below is an Illustration of the transcription of DNA to RNA to protein which forms the backbone of molecular biology.
		However, the "Central Dogma" has had to be revised a bit.
	www.cbs.dtu.dk /staff/dave/Lekt01-DNA_Schrod.html (389 words)

	SparkNotes: Structure of Nucleic Acids: Introduction
		Knowledge of these topics is critical before a more complex understanding of advanced molecular biology topics is possible.
		As DNA and RNA are the major molecules of molecular biology, understanding their structure is critical to understanding the mechanisms of gene replication and protein synthesis.
		The structural elements of each of these molecules play key roles in their performance of the various processes of the central dogma.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/molecular/structureofnucleicacids/summary.html (331 words)

	Biology International
		Much of the very exciting progress in biology during the past four decades has been propelled by the reductionist belief, commonly known as the "central dogma of molecular biology," that a functional "gene" must produce RNA, which must be translated into a protein (Crick, 1970).
		Studies using this paradigm have enabled us to move from molecular genetics to genetic engineering and genomics, and now to the post-genomic era.
		Success of the "central dogma" led to the common belief that any sequence of DNA or a gene is of relevance only if it has a protein-coding function.
	www.iubs.org /test/bioint/45/5.htm (1503 words)

	Dogma of Molecular Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Thousands of genes are being discovered for the first time by sequencing the genomes of model organisms, a reminder that much of the natural world remains to be explored at the molecular level.
		The results should be viewed as maps that reflect the order and logic of the genetic program, rather than the physical order of genes on chromosomes.
		This idea was a motivation for the development of microarrays technique, as a method allowing for studying the interaction between thousands of genes based on their mRNA transcript level.
	cnx.org /content/m12382/latest (509 words)

	The Central Dogma - Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The sequence of events outlined by the Central Dogma is elegant in its simplicity, but it has taken the combined efforts of hundreds of scientists and researchers throughout the course of the twentieth century to complete this picture.
		A very simple and straightforward diagram outlining the Central Dogma can be found here.
		For a more detailed overview of the Central Dogma, with multiple links, click here.
	www.unc.edu /cell/files/extensions/dogma/links.html (305 words)

	Re: What is the study of molecular biology?
		The definition of "molecular biology" will depend upon who you ask.
		Given this, one can include all of these processes as subject of study in molecular biology.
		However, nowadays, when people talk about molecular biology, they often mean an emphasis on the structure of genes and the control of gene expression.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/dec97/878661267.Mb.r.html (163 words)

	The Merck Distinguished Seminar Series in Computational Biology and Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The extended Central Dogma of molecular biology is simply represented as DNA --> RNA --> amino acid sequence --> 3D structure --> function, where the last three steps comprise the current protein structure/function paradigm.
		These results encouraged us to consider possible roles of unfolded protein states in the realm of molecular biology, thereby leading us to a new classification scheme for structure/sequence relationships, a new classification scheme for molecular recognition, and a proposed critical role for disordered regions in the evolution of molecular biological networks.
		If verified, our predictions will ultimately require a significant restructuring of the extended Central Dogma of molecular biology in order to include the important functions carried out by intrinsically disordered proteins.
	www.cmu.edu /mcs/Merck/MerckSeminar02Abstract.html (331 words)

	Anomaly Identification and Resolution for the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Anomaly Identification and Resolution for the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
		This "dogma" consisted of sketches for the mechanism of protein synthesis.
		Numerous anomalies for the central dogma appeared and numerous anomaly resolution strategies dissolved them.
	www.ishpssb.org /ocs/viewpaper.php?id=59&print=1 (125 words)

	PPS - Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - Henry Brzeski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		PPS - Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - Henry Brzeski
		The central molecule of life is DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid).
		This serves as an information carrier which is replicated and passed on from one generation to another allowing continued survival of the organism.
	www.herts.ac.uk /natsci/Bio/PPS/dogma.htm (107 words)

	Visualizing the Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The central dogma of molecular biology states that information encoded in DNA is transcribed into RNA; RNA is subsequently translated into an amino acid sequence; and the amino acid sequence is modified and folded into a functional protein.
		The first tool is the Biology Workbench which is maintained by the San Diego Supercomputer Center and supported by US tax dollars.
		Begin your investigation by downloading a.pdf version of "Sickle Cell Anemia: Understanding the Molecular Biology." (Unless you already have a copy.) This guide provides step-by-step instructions for completing your investigation.
	www.physci.wsc.ma.edu /intscimath/02spring/centdogma.html (331 words)

	Research in Progress, AE10
		Fig AE-1: The central dogma of molecular biology
		The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
		The tongue-in-cheek term “central dogma” -not to be confused with religious dogma- was coined by Francis Crick (of Watson and Crick, the two scientists who discovered the double helix structure of DNA).
	www.stanford.edu /group/hopes/rltdsci/inprogress/ae10.html (422 words)

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