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Topic: Central planning

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	Planned economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term planned economy is used most often to refer to a centrally-planned economy (also known as command economy), which is a system where the state controls the factors of production and makes all decisions about their use and about the distribution of income.
		Economies planned by a government, such as the economy of the former Soviet Union, are alternately called command economies.
		Some authors have argued that elements of centralized economic planning exist in various modern non-socialist systems, such as the mixed economies of liberal democracies (widely seen as being capitalist countries) and the economies of fascist nations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Central_planning (1410 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Central planning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A planned economy is an economic system in which decisions about the production, allocation and consumption of goods and services are planned ahead of time, usually in a centralized fashion, though some proposed systems favour decentralized planning.
		Planned economies implemented by the way of authority, such as those in Stalinist countries such as the Soviet Union, have become widely known as command economies.
		If the Central Planning Board is assumed to know both the developmental as well as fulfillment effects of economic activity-that is, if the Central Planning Board knows the true social welfare function-the demonstration that the central planning can be efficient even under the assumption of endogenous preferences is straightforward.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Central-planning (2185 words)

	Draft Pt. 3: The Classical Model of Central Planning \| Z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When we think of central planning, the model that comes for most to mind is the Soviet model of central planning that was prevalent throughout most of the 20th Century.
		The dominant characteristics of centrally planned economies are state or publicly owned property, with a central planning authority; the economic outcome of society was generated by an economic plan.
		Because of these institutional roles of central planners and coordinators, society is sent on a trajectory, over long periods of time developing warped human begins, with warped characteristics, generating a warped society; where the planners develop the characteristics of planners and managers and the rest of society develop the characteristics of apathy.
	blog.zmag.org /index.php/weblog/entry/draft_pt_3_the_classical_model_of_central_planning (735 words)

	Definition of Central planning
		To stress the centralized character of planned economies and to contrast the term with decentralized planning in a market economy, a more specific term, centrally planned economy, is also used.
		Although a planned economy may include exchanges of money, these exchanges are less important in allocating resources than the central plan.
		Nevertheless, a planned economy should not be seen as a necessary element of socialism.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Central_planning (1096 words)

	Monetary Central Planning and the State, Part 30: The Gold Standard as Government-Managed Money
		It is true that the range of discretionary powers enjoyed by central banks were limited and that the principles of administrating the monetary system were very clear and simple, but the fact remains that the system was rather managed than automatic.
		The practice of central banking had now evolved to the use of discretionary measures – that is, as far as "control" over short-term fluctuations in the balance of payments and in domestic credit conditions were concerned.
		Central bankers had to learn their profession; not only the quasi-mechanical rules of the game, but also the techniques of adapting them to immediate control objects.
	www.fff.org /freedom/0699c.asp (1447 words)

	The Violence of Central Planning by Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr.
		It is wrong to attempt to examine the economic policies of any leviathan state apart from the political violence that characterizes all central planning, whether in Germany, the Soviet Union, or the United States.
		The controversy highlights the ways in which the connection between violence and central planning is still not understood, not even by the ADL.
		Central planning, even in its most petty variety, and freedom are incompatible.
	www.lewrockwell.com /rockwell/centralplanning.html (1053 words)

	War and Central Planning
		The reason wars can tend to appear successful whereas socialism never does is due to the goal of the war plan (destruction rather than wealth creation) and the means (firepower proving more accomplished at destruction than efficiency), both of which can be accomplished by governments with enough resources at their disposal.
		Instead of cutting, capital and labor are overutilized, while the underlying plan remains unchanged, with the result of increased squandering and wealth destruction.
		The people who planned the war on Iraq dismiss suggestions that perhaps not everyone in Iraq is going to be overjoyed at the prospect of gaining freedom through bombing, destruction, and martial law administered by a US military dictatorship.
	www.mises.org /freemarket_detail.asp?control=443&sortorder=articledate (1352 words)

	Russian economy, the Russian economy, Russia economy, Russian economy 2002, Russian economy today, current Russian ...
		First came the disintegration of the centrally planned economy that was a hallmark of the state-controlled economy and then its replacement by an economy operating on the basis of market forces.
		Central planning operated on the assumption that if each unit met or exceeded its plan, then demand and supply would balance.
		The central planning system allowed Soviet leaders to marshal resources quickly in times of crisis, such as the Nazi invasion, and to reindustrialize the country during the postwar period.
	www.russiansabroad.com /russian_history_184.html (1090 words)

	War and Central Planning
		As such, even the best military plans, even those that lead to a declared victory, will partake of features similar to that of any form of central planning.
		If we want to call war planning a "social science"—that's how the Pentagon thinks of it—what we have here is a classic error: the belief that government policy and its effects can be modeled in the same way as the physical sciences.
		Central planners who attempt to replicate this process within the structure of an equation or a static game simulation are fooling themselves.
	www.mises.org /freemarket_detail.asp?control=443&sortorder=articledate (1352 words)

	Comparative Economic Systems
		Advocates of central economic planning agreed that the economic plan would be rational, in some sense that market economies are not.
		An optimal plan is one that achieves the objectives to the greatest possible extent; one thing that limits the possible extent is that the economy can produce only a limited quantity of goods and services.
		But the first step for Economia's planning bureau (we recall) is to determine what its objectives are, and to express those in terms of quantities of food and machinery produced.
	william-king.www.drexel.edu /top/prin/txt/comsysf/cs5.html (849 words)

	Blogger: Email Post to a Friend
		It seems rather odd that, for all of its expressed disdain for centrally planned economies, capitalism is founded on the pattern of hierarchy -- itself an example of central planning.
		Hierarchy--or central planning--creates initial efficiencies through central command and control, stratification, specialization, etc. However, it does not need to grow much beyond a handful of employees before the burden of information processing placed on the central planner (boss) exceeds that individual's capacity to efficiently process information.
		The real difference between the central planning of the US economy, and the central planning of the Soviet economy is that--at least in theory--the US centrally plans for the concentration of wealth and the Soviet economy centrally plans for the distribution of wealth.
	www.blogger.com /email-post.g?blogID=8588264&postID=110383050143794814 (717 words)

	Central Point Planning Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Central Point is one of the older communities within the Rogue Valley and as a result, there are numerous historic homes and other structures, some of which have yet to be formally identified as such.
		The Planning Department will be conducting an inventory search for historic structures in the future, which will involve the research of records and photographs, and personal interviews with persons who may know the history of the residents of the period.
		The historic Central Point Elementary School constructed in 1909.This structure was renovated in recent years and is now home to administrative offices for the Central Point School District.
	www.ci.central-point.or.us /dep/pl/plprojects.php (501 words)

	Central planning
		Central planning means that the national government is in charge of a country's development strategies.
		Plans are often unable to take into account changing conditions.
		Many local people feel alienated by central planning, which gives them little say in initiatives as they are developed.
	www.thp.org /sac/unit2/strat.htm (711 words)

	Socialism: Central Planning vs. Freedom (3 of 4) by Ludwig Von Mises -- Capitalism Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When she says "plan," she means only the type of plan envisioned by Lenin and Stalin and their successors, the type which governs all the activities of all the people of a nation.
		Her title Plan or No Plan is therefore an illusion, a deception; the alternative is not a central plan or no plan, it is the total plan of a central governmental authority or freedom for individuals to make their own plans, to do their own planning.
		The free man plans daily for his needs; he says, for example: "Yesterday I planned to work all my life in Córdoba." Now he learns about better conditions in Buenos Aires and changes his plans, saying: "Instead of working in Córdoba, I want to go to Buenos Aires." And that is what freedom means.
	www.capmag.com /article.asp?ID=2757 (1605 words)

	NCPA Debate Central -- #10 Central Planning Wastes Resources and Retards Economic Progress
		No central planner could hope to understand even a fraction of the detailed knowledge needed to guide the construction of a single pencil, much less an industry or an economy.
		The problem of central planning is deeper still when incentives are taken into account.
		People who gain resources by virtue of their position in "the plan" rather than by better satisfying consumers tend to have a stronger interest in catering to the planner than to the supposed beneficiaries of their work.
	www.ncpa.org /debate2/every10.html (947 words)

	Energy Bills and Central Planning - Mises Institute
		Moreover, because planning was to be placed in the hands of economic "experts," there would be no need to deal with the interference from politicians and the special interests that they represent.
		As noted earlier, socialist central planning supposedly involves rational individuals who do not have vested interests in their decisions determining what is best for an economy.
		Yet, both socialist planning and "special interest" legislation are simply two sides of the same coin, as they are attempts to turn the economy in a different direction than what would be the case if individuals were freely permitted to make economic choices unencumbered by governmental authorities.
	www.mises.org /fullstory.asp?control=1390 (1799 words)

	Central Planning Fails in Oregon
		RALEIGH — Onerous urban planning is driving former Portland, Ore. residents across the Columbia River into Vancouver, Wa., according to a community development director who warns that the story of those two states and two cities should serve as a caution to other urban centers.
		Carson chalked up Portland’s problems to a statewide planning system that is centralized under the Department of Land Conservation and Development, a single state agency whose officials are all appointed by Oregon’s governor.
		“Planning is a good thing,” Carson said, adding that it should be used to accomplish reasonable goals, which other urban areas should learn from.
	216.27.16.14 /exclusives/display_exclusive.html?id=1595 (521 words)

	WSDOT - North Central Region Planning Organizations
		A Metropolitan Planning Organization is an organization of elected officials in urbanized regions with a population of 50,000 or over.
		This transportation planning process is to result in plans and programs consistent with the urbanized area's comprehensive planned development.
		In addition, the plans are to provide for the development of transportation facilities (including pedestrian walkways and bicycle facilities) and serve as an intermodal system for the state, metropolitan areas and the nation.
	www.wsdot.wa.gov /Regions/NorthCentral/planning/PlanningOrgs.htm (542 words)

	Ninety Years of Monetary Central Planning in the United States \| The Foundation for Economic Education: The Freeman, ...
		In a world that has, for the most part, turned its back on the theoretical error and practical disaster of believing that governments have the wisdom and ability to centrally plan the economic affairs of a society, central banking remains one of the major remaining forms of socialism practiced around the globe.
		Through monetary central planning governments have the capacity to manipulate and destroy the real value of the accumulated savings and wealth of tens of millions of hard-working people.
		In other words, central banking represents one of those instances of the hubris of the social engineer, who claims to know more about how to better manage some aspect of society rather than to leave these decisions and their outcomes to the market participants themselves.
	www.fee.org /publications/the-freeman/article.asp?aid=5064 (923 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Central Planning
		This remark was a veiled reference by Mr Wen to the legacy of Stalinist-style central planning and lumbering state-owned enterprises that have remained tied to the Government, avoiding the pressure of competing in an open marketplace.
		Kevin Belanger, CEO of the local South Central Planning and Development Commission, said he was specially interested in Donelon s message after becoming one of thousands of Farm Bureau policyholders who learned last week they are being dropped from wind and hail coverage.
		NBS has admitted that the previous methodology for measuring economic growth was a legacy of central planning and skewed toward the industrial sector and with a tendency to overlook the output of services industries.
	news.surfwax.com /economics/files/Central_Planning.html (4521 words)

	Immigration Reform or Central Planning
		A central plank of the current Senate legislation is a guest worker program that treats existing illegal immigrants and future work migrants as completely different classes.
		Centrally controlling wages for every possible occupation is a breathtakingly ambitious project but would be mandatory for guest workers under the S. Such micromanagement of the prices of heterogonous labor is hopeless because supply and demand for various skills are constantly evolving in unpredictable ways.
		Not only is central planning of migrant labor markets bound to fail, but it is also ripe for corruption and political manipulation.
	www.heritage.org /research/immigration/wm1088.cfm (1101 words)

	Central Point Planning Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The City of Central Point created a vision statement in 1998 that states, "We want a community that has a 'small town' commitment and feel regardless of the size; We have community pride; Our town is safe; Neighbors are friendly with each other."
		The City of Central Point received the prestigious Ahwahnee Award of Honor in recognition of this innovative neighborhood.
		For communities like Central Point, the expectation is that the land within the City be used to its highest and best use.
	www.ci.central-point.or.us /dep/pl/pl.php (210 words)

	Duke University \| Central Campus Planning \| Planning
		Duke is currently engaged in a long-range planning process to develop its Central Campus, which consists of about 200 acres between the East and West campuses.
		Architects Elkus-Manfredi and Ayers Saint Gross refined the Phase I master plan to orient buildings to open space and to attend to issues of environmentally sustainable design.
		Planning continues as an iterative process between design and programming.
	www.duke.edu /web/centralcampus/planning.html (283 words)

	Central Planning vs. The Market Economy:
		Meanwhile their brothers and sisters in the motherland faced persistence poverty and occasional famine due to unwise and often fatal central planning.
		But their planning sessions were mostly about how to encourage initiative and inventiveness and, if appropriate, how to undo previous planning that had stifled them.
		A wise central planner is one who recognizes the limits of central planning and the great potential of individual planning.
	www.constitution.org /pd/gunning/taiwan/tai_dev.htm (1510 words)

	Welcome to our website - Central Financial Planning Ltd, Redditch, Worcestershire Independent Financial Advisers
		As professional Independent Financial Advisers, Central Financial Planning Ltd are authorised to deal with many forms of financial services, and specialise in giving advice to clients on a wide range of subjects to assist with personal financial planning.
		As Financial Advisers, Central Financial Planning Ltd have access to a wide range of products and services available in the UK - as opposed to a Tied Agent or Company Representative, who may only advise and offer products from the company they represent.
		Central Financial Planning Ltd is entered on the FSA register (www.fsa.gov.uk/register/) under reference 219808
	www.centralfinancialplanning.co.uk (235 words)

	VILLAGE PLANNING COMMITTEES: CENTRAL CITY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Central City is unique among the villages because its core is downtown, the urban center for the entire city.
		Central City Village is a government and employment center; a transportation hub including freeways, public transit and Sky Harbor International Airport; and an exciting cultural, recreational and convention center.
		The Central City Village Planning Committee meets the 2nd Monday of the month at 6:00 pm at Phoenix Central Library, 1221 North Central Avenue.
	www.ci.phoenix.az.us /PLANNING/vpcentrl.html (166 words)

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