Central tendon - Factbites

Central tendon - Factbites
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Topic: Central tendon

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	Tendon Injury
		This is a rupture of the central slip of the extensor tendon.
		Rarely, a tendon injury results from a direct blow, such as smacking your knuckle between the handlebar and a tree.
		Tendon injuries range from mild strain to complete rupture of the tendon.
	www.utahmountainbiking.com /firstaid/tendon.htm (294 words)

	The Neurological Control System for Normal Gait - Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, 1990 American Academy of Orthotists & Prosthetists
		It should be pointed out that it is the central control of the spindles and golgi tendon organs which is abnormal in cerebral palsy, and not the end organs themselves.
		The golgi tendon organs are encapsulated organs which are attached in series to the collagenous fibers of tendons at the point of muscle insertions and also exist in the fascial coverings of muscles.
		Since the muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs are the ultimate sensory organs which control this tone, there has been a great deal of interest in them.
	www.oandp.org /jpo/library/1990_01_001.asp (4978 words)

	Summary of GTO inhibition during MVC responses
		Jami, L. (1992) Golgi tendon organs in mammalian skeletal muscle: functional properties and central actions.
		If golgi tendon organ response would have been inhibiting the MVIC at the point of greatest dF/dt it would have shown up in the IEMGs of the agonists and antagonists.
		Date: Thu, 6 Feb 1997 19:07:01 -0800 Reply-To: dferris@uclink2.berkeley.edu Sender: Biomechanics and Movement Science listserver From: D Ferris Subject: Summary of GTO inhibition during MVC responses Comments: To: NEUROMUS@SJUVM.STJOHNS.EDU Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Here is the summary of replies concerning the role of Golgi tendon organ inhibition during maximum voluntary contractions.
	isb.ri.ccf.org /biomch-l/archives/biomch-l-1997-02/00037.html (864 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy: Section 1 - Cells
		Afferent impulses from Golgi tendon organs are conveyed to the central nervous system via lb nerve fibers, which exert presynaptic inhibition on the la nerve fibers originating in the muscle spindle.
		Tension receptor organ (Golgi tendon organ): Discharges electrical impulses in response to tension on the tendon produced by either muscular contraction or muscle stretch.
		Tendon: Collagenous connective tissue bundle joined to several muscle fibers.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/MicroscopicAnatomy/Section06/Plate06122.html (170 words)

	NCM 2001 Poster Abstract
		In situations where contractions are produced without central motor command, as occurs with unvoluntary twitches, force perception should mainly rely on afferent inputs and therefore, a good perception would suggest accuracy of afferent discharges from the tendon organs of contracting muscles.
		Golgi tendon organs are considered as main providers of information about contraction, but it is still unclear whether their discharges give accurate accounts of forces appearing at muscle tendons.
		The performances, displaying loose covariations of perceived and actual forces, were reminiscent of previously observed inaccuracy of tendon organs in "measuring" force levels combined with ability to signal force variations.
	ncm-society.org /abstracts/2001/341920.html (167 words)

	Help HER - » For Health Professionals Complications Neurological Conditions
		Furthermore, the central pontine myelinolysis was probably secondary to hypokalemia, hypernatremia and hyperosmolality.
		Wernicke's encephalopathy and central pontine myelinolysis induced by hyperemesis gravidarum.
		Neurological Conditions like Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Central Pontine Myelinolysis are easily treated, but most likely to cause a fatal result for the mother and unborn child if left untreated.
	www.hyperemesis.org /health-professionals/complications/neurological.php (2272 words)

	Postural control systems
		Whenever the muscles are stretched, the proprioceptive receptors within the muscle and tendon signal the change in muscle length to the central mechanism of the postural control system (Prochazka & Wand 1980, Spirduso 1995).
		The proprioceptive receptors are located in muscles, tendons and joints (Enbom 1990, Jäntti 1993), and they give information about the position of the limbs and the body and the distension of the respective muscles.
		Proprioceptors include muscle spindles (type Ia and II), Golgi tendon organs (Ib) and joint receptors (McComas 1996).
	herkules.oulu.fi /isbn9514267931/html/x231.html (1546 words)

	eMedicine - Brown Syndrome : Article by Kenneth Wright, MD
		Through a detailed anatomic study, Helveston showed that the tendon-slackening distal to the trochlea comes from a telescoping elongation of the central tendon.
		Superior oblique and trochlear luxation consists of removing the tendon from the trochlea by luxating the trochlea.
		The problem with recessing the superior oblique tendon is that it dramatically changes the characteristics of the superior oblique tendon insertions and alters its functional mechanics.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/topic552.htm (3172 words)

	ARTHROSCOPIC ACL SURGERY RECONSTRUCTION
		After performing a diagnostic arthroscopic examination of the knee, the central third of the patellar tendon is harvested.
		Although a number of different types of tissue have been utilized to reconstruct the ACL, the most common type of ACL reconstruction involves harvesting the central third of the patellar tendon with a bone block at each end of the tendon graft.
		Surgical treatment of the torn ACL usually involves an arthroscopic surgical reconstruction of the injured ligament.
	www.arthroscopy.com /sp05018.htm (681 words)

	Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Injuries
		Missed diagnosis of central slip avulsion leads to progressive volar displacement of lateral bands, the central tendon heals stretched out, and secondary hyperextension at the PIP joint follows to produce a boutonniere deformity.
		Minimize valgus or varus strain on the injured joint for 3 weeks by simple "buddy taping" Some cases may require open reduction if entrapment of an extensor tendon, or a collateral ligament in a joint, or buttonholing of the head of the proximal phalanx through a tear in the dorsal apparatus.
		Occasionally more complex and irreducible when component of torque force, the head of the proximal phalanx may be displaced between the volar plate and the flexor tendon and act as a buttonhole by tightly grasping the portion of the phalanx immediately behind the head, preventing closed reduction.
	www.rcsed.ac.uk /fellows/lvanrensburg/classification/hand/pipj.htm (681 words)

	IV. Myology. 7e. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Forearm. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		It ends in a slender, flattened tendon, which passes over the upper part of the transverse carpal ligament, and is inserted into the central part of the transverse carpal ligament and lower part of the palmar aponeurosis, frequently sending a tendinous slip to the short muscles of the thumb.
		The muscles of this group take origin from the medial epicondyle of the humerus by a common tendon; they receive additional fibers from the deep fascia of the forearm near the elbow, and from the septa which pass from this fascia between the individual muscles.
		It arises by a separate tendon from the back part of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus; its fibers diverge and are inserted into the side of the olecranon, and upper fourth of the dorsal surface of the body of the ulna.
	www.bartleby.com /107/125.html (681 words)

	Proprioceptors
		The central region is wrapped by the sensory dendrites of the muscle spindle afferent.
		The sensory dendrites of the Golgi tendon organ afferent are interwoven with collagen fibrils in the tendon.
		Unlike muscle spindles (which are located in parallel with muscle fibers), the Golgi tendon organs are in series with muscle fibers, located in the tendons that attach muscle to bone.
	courses.washington.edu /conj/bess/spindle/proprioceptors.html (498 words)

	Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears: Surgical reconstruction technique
		Simultaneously, because generally the length of the tendon portion of the graft is appropriate, as the top end of the graft (the bone block) comes to rest up in the femur drill hole, the lower end of the graft (the other bone block) will come to rest in the hole in the tibia.
		The remaining portions of the patellar tendon on either side of the graft are re-approximated (sutured) after its removal so that a single 10-30 mm strip of patellar tendon remains in place to continue the normal function of that tissue.
		Therefore, by grasping the top end of this pin and by pulling it upward, the graft, guided by the sutures in its top end, can be pulled up through the tibial hole, through the central part of the joint and into the hole in the femur.
	www.orthoassociates.com /acltech.htm (3188 words)

	PT Central - Muscles of the Leg
		Insertion: iliopsoas tendon to the lesser trochanter of the femur
		Insertion: medial aspect of greater trochanter via lower tendon of obturator internus
		Insertion: medial aspect of greater trochanter via upper tendon of obturator internus
	www.ptcentral.com /muscles/musclelegs.html (881 words)

	Theme 4: Movement and Its Central Control- Emily and Azadeh
		This is what we call reciprocal innervation and it creates the stretch reflex aka deep tendon reflex, resulting in contraction and shortening of the stretched muscle.
		Sensory Ib afferent neurons innervate the Golgi tendon organs located at the junction of the muscle and tendon and monitor the extrafusal fiber stretch (sensitive to muscle tension).
		Neurons that innervate the axial and proximal musculature are located medially in the cord, while in the lateral cord are motor neuron pools that innervate muscles in the lateral portion of the body.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~jmp/neurocc/theme4.html (881 words)

	IV. Myology. 1. Mechanics of Muscle. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		Muscles or tendons of muscles which pass over more than one joint and pass through more than
		If, however, the muscle or its tendon is bent out of a straight line by a bony process or ligament so that it runs over a pulley-like arrangement, the direction of the muscle pull is naturally bent out of line.
		It is impossible for an individual to throw into action any one muscle; in other words, movements, not muscles, are represented in the central nervous system.
	www.bartleby.com /107/102.html (881 words)

	UAMS Department of Anatomy - Muscle Tables
		xiphoid process, costal margin, fascia over the quadratus lumborum and psoas major mm.(lateral & medial arcuate ligaments), vertebral bodies L1-L3 central tendon of the diaphragm
		long head of the triceps separates the triangular and quadrangular spaces (teres major, teres minor and the humerus are the other boundaries); all three heads of origin insert by a common tendon
		teres major inserts beside the tendon of latissimus dorsi, and assists latissimus in its actions
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/muscles_alpha.html (881 words)

	IV. Myology. 7e. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Forearm. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		It ends in a slender, flattened tendon, which passes over the upper part of the transverse carpal ligament, and is inserted into the central part of the transverse carpal ligament and lower part of the palmar aponeurosis, frequently sending a tendinous slip to the short muscles of the thumb.
		It ends in a tendon, which runs in a groove between the head and the styloid process of the ulna, passing through a separate compartment of the dorsal carpal ligament, and is inserted into the prominent tubercle on the ulnar side of the base of the fifth metacarpal bone.
		This is continuous with the transverse carpal ligament, and forms a sheath for the tendon of the Palmaris longus which passes over the transverse carpal ligament to be inserted into the palmar aponeurosis.
	www.bartleby.com /107/125.html (881 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Wrist Injuries
		The soft-tissue structures in the central dorsal zone are the distal aspects of the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB), the extensor pollicis longus, and extensor digitorum communis tendons.
		The flexor carpi ulnaris tendon is identified by having the patient flex and ulnarly deviate the clenched fist.
		The FCR tendon is located ulnar to the scaphoid tuberosity, and with FCR tendinitis, pain can be elicited with resisted flexion or radial deviation.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/1998/09sep/honing.htm (881 words)

	PT Central - Muscles of the Leg
		Insertion: iliopsoas tendon to the lesser trochanter of the femur
		Insertion: medial aspect of greater trochanter via lower tendon of obturator internus
		Insertion: medial aspect of greater trochanter via upper tendon of obturator internus
	www.ptcentral.com /muscles/musclelegs.html (881 words)

	central nervous system
		They are tested by tapping on the tendon of the muscle to see if the reflex takes place
		When the tension in a tendon becomes too strong, this reflex causes the relaxation of the muscle
		One stretch reflex is the patellar or knee-jerk reflex.
	www.ncws.com /lars/anatomy/notes\spinal.htm (3263 words)

	oldinquiries.html
		Diaphragm anatomy in shrews: Whereas in mammals the diaphragm is described to be a dome like muscle with central tendon, this tendon is totally absent in those species which I have studied (Sorex araneus, S.
		The behaviour is characterized by the animal everting the rectum by a series of abdominal contractions and licking it in a curled-up posture, apparently ingesting a yet undetermined substance often described as a "milky white fluid".
		Nelson described it, "This large and fairly common shrew is unusual because its saliva is toxic, allowing them to kill prey that is larger than themselves.
	members.vienna.at /shrew/oldinquiries.html (3263 words)

	oldinquiries.html
		Diaphragm anatomy in shrews: Whereas in mammals the diaphragm is described to be a dome like muscle with central tendon, this tendon is totally absent in those species which I have studied (Sorex araneus, S.
		The behaviour is characterized by the animal everting the rectum by a series of abdominal contractions and licking it in a curled-up posture, apparently ingesting a yet undetermined substance often described as a "milky white fluid".
		Nelson described it, "This large and fairly common shrew is unusual because its saliva is toxic, allowing them to kill prey that is larger than themselves.
	members.vienna.at /shrew/oldinquiries.html (3263 words)

	oldinquiries.html
		Diaphragm anatomy in shrews: Whereas in mammals the diaphragm is described to be a dome like muscle with central tendon, this tendon is totally absent in those species which I have studied (Sorex araneus, S.
		The behaviour is characterized by the animal everting the rectum by a series of abdominal contractions and licking it in a curled-up posture, apparently ingesting a yet undetermined substance often described as a "milky white fluid".
		Nelson described it, "This large and fairly common shrew is unusual because its saliva is toxic, allowing them to kill prey that is larger than themselves.
	members.vienna.at /Shrew/oldinquiries.html (3263 words)

	Human Anatomy - Lab 42 Step 16
		Anterior to the anus, identify the point at which the bulbospongiosus muscle, superficial transverse perineal muscle, and external anal sphincter muscle join together to form the common tendon, called the central tendon of the perineum, or perineal body.
		Now, reflect the bulb and crura of the penis anteriorly
	ect.downstate.edu /courseware/haonline/labs/l42/160206.htm (3263 words)

	eMedicine - Vulvar-Vaginal Reconstruction : Article by Stephen Metz, MD
		The bulbocavernosus muscles originate at the deep surface of the inferior margin of the pubic arch, then course posteriorly along the lateral surfaces of the vaginal introitus to insert in the central tendon of the perineum (perineal body) between the posterior vaginal fourchette and the anus.
		This triangular compartment is bounded by (1) the medial bulbocavernosus muscles, which border the vaginal introitus; (2) the lateral ischiocavernosus muscles, which lie along the ischiopubic ramus; and (3) the transverse perineal muscles, which span the gap between the ischial tuberosity and the central perineum.
		This layer, which is a continuation of the Scarpa fascia of the anterior abdominal wall, extends from the lateral aspect of the bulbocavernosus muscle to the ischiopubic ramus and inserts in the connective tissue of the inguinal ligament anteriorly and the fascia of the posterior margin of the anterior perineal triangle.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3340.htm (3263 words)

	oldinquiries.html
		Diaphragm anatomy in shrews: Whereas in mammals the diaphragm is described to be a dome like muscle with central tendon, this tendon is totally absent in those species which I have studied (Sorex araneus, S.
		The behaviour is characterized by the animal everting the rectum by a series of abdominal contractions and licking it in a curled-up posture, apparently ingesting a yet undetermined substance often described as a "milky white fluid".
		I am interested in knowing if the montane shrew (Sorex monticolus) has ever been recorded for Owyhee county, southwestern Idaho.
	members.vienna.at /shrew/oldinquiries.html (3263 words)

	Hereditary Myopathy of Devon Rex Cats
		Thus histological features of central core disease, nemaline myopathy, mitochondrial myopathies and storage myopathies were absent (Gardner-Medwin 1980, Bethlem and Knobbout 1987).
		The neurological findings particularly the persistence of deep tendon reflexes, and normal nerve histology ruled out peripheral neuropathy, while the possibility of motor neuron disease was excluded by normal spinal cord histology, and absence of neurogenic features in muscle biopsies (Gardner-Medwin 1980, Bethlem and Knobbout 1987).
		These dogs also show signs of muscle weakness and fatigability, low head carriage, megaoesophagus and histological changes suggestive of myopathy, but differ from affected cats in having diminished deep tendon reflexes.
	www.devonrex.com /faq/malik.cfm (3263 words)

	oldinquiries.html
		Diaphragm anatomy in shrews: Whereas in mammals the diaphragm is described to be a dome like muscle with central tendon, this tendon is totally absent in those species which I have studied (Sorex araneus, S.
		The behaviour is characterized by the animal everting the rectum by a series of abdominal contractions and licking it in a curled-up posture, apparently ingesting a yet undetermined substance often described as a "milky white fluid".
		Nelson described it, "This large and fairly common shrew is unusual because its saliva is toxic, allowing them to kill prey that is larger than themselves.
	members.vienna.at /shrew/oldinquiries.html (3263 words)

	oldinquiries.html
		Diaphragm anatomy in shrews: Whereas in mammals the diaphragm is described to be a dome like muscle with central tendon, this tendon is totally absent in those species which I have studied (Sorex araneus, S.
		The behaviour is characterized by the animal everting the rectum by a series of abdominal contractions and licking it in a curled-up posture, apparently ingesting a yet undetermined substance often described as a "milky white fluid".
		Nelson described it, "This large and fairly common shrew is unusual because its saliva is toxic, allowing them to kill prey that is larger than themselves.
	members.vienna.at /shrew/oldinquiries.html (930 words)

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In the News (Mon 28 Dec 09)