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	* Centralized Traffic Control - (Model Railroad): Definition
		A control system in which the local interlocking s are remote-controlled by a dispatcher and the train s are governed by signal indication.
		Centralized Traffic Control (CTC): A system under which train or engine movements are authorized by block signal s whose indications supersede the superiority of train s for both opposing and following movements on the same track.
		This is a system of track control where an RTC controls the signal s and switch es along the track and thus controls the train s on it.
	en.mimi.hu /modelrailroad/centralized_traffic_control.html (470 words)

	Centralized traffic control - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Centralized traffic control ( CTC) is a signalling system used by railroads around the world.
		The system consists of a dispatcher in a centralized location (usually) somewhere along the railroad's mainline who controls the track turnouts and the signals that railroad engineers ( train drivers) must obey in order to keep the railroad's traffic moving safely and smoothly across the railroad.
		In the dispatcher's office is a graphical depiction of the railroad (or only a portion of the railroad on larger systems) on which the dispatcher can keep track of trains' locations across the territory that the dispatcher controls.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Centralized_traffic_control (143 words)

	Signaling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Already under the control of the signal department it was decided that work during the summer months could be accomplished faster if the cases and control houses were wired and fitted out by the company in their own shops instead of being contracted out.
		Control of 366 miles of railroad right of way was now under the direct control of dispatchers with work continuing to bring all train movement under the CTC system by 1953.
		Control of the heaters was from three locations, one in Oroville and the other two at Elko, one on each dispatcher’s panel.
	www.wplives.com /operations/signaling.html (1738 words)

	Centralized Traffic Control
		The direction control or signal lever had three positions, those at either side for the two possible directions of movement, labled R and L, E and W, or N and S. A third, center, position that would hold all signals at stop was also provided.
		When a crew was allowed to switch at a control point and operate the switch manually, or when a switch or signal was faulty, the dispatcher would hang a small flag on the lever or levers concerned to remind him of the fact.
		Before this, CTC had already replaced various means, such as the electric train staff or controlled manual block, for operating short difficult sections through tunnels, bridges, and gauntlet tracks at various points throughout the country, as well as at busy junctions and terminals.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/railway/ctc.htm (2400 words)

	Archived Headend Journals from the New York Museum of Transportation - Summer 2002
		This is at Controlled Point "BR" and the signal is actuated by the train dispatcher at Erie, Pennsylvania moving a lever on his control machine.
		During the entire trip, at each signal that did not display a "clear" indication or which caused speed of the train to be reduced, the engineman moved a lever to his right in the cab as we approached the signal and received a whistle in the cab.
		By use of the Traffic Control System, it was possible to reduce the number of tracks on the New York Central System mainline from four to two, with no assigned direction to either track.
	www.nymtmuseum.org /PastHeadends/Summer02/CTCDiamondJubileeSummer02.html (1981 words)

	TSB Reports - Rail 1999 - R99T0017
		CTC is a traffic control system that relies on the ability of train crew members to observe, correctly identify and react appropriately to signals.
		The traffic relay is then used in both the signal control network and in the line circuits to the adjacent locations to determine whether a line is feeding or receiving energy.
		CTC design analysis, provided in the Addendum, indicates that relay 2328SAGP was in the de-energized position and relay 2328S-1RP was in the energized position as the switch was free to move.
	www.bst.gc.ca /en/reports/rail/1999/r99t0017/r99t0017.asp (12309 words)

	MSN Encarta - Railroads
		Beginning in 1925 and continuing at an accelerated rate after that, especially after World War II (1939-1945), the installation of centralized traffic control (CTC) increased track capacity on many railroads and lessened or even eliminated the need for additional pairs of rails.
		In this system the switches and signals over many kilometers of track are controlled by a single train dispatcher who sits before a panel or switchboard in a control room.
		Below the diagram are knobs that control each signal and levers that control each switch on the line.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761557841 (1189 words)

	Sierra Digital Communications -- Traffic Control Solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Because of increasing concern with traffic congestion, fuel consumption, and emission control, federal state, and local governments are looking for ways to improve traffic flow through automated signal control.
		Central management by a master control station allows area-wide traffic signal control to optimize the overall flow of vehicles.
		It is estimated that cities with a population of 15,000 or greater are candidates for improved traffic control networks.
	www.sierra-digital.com /sdci/solution/s-trafic.htm (326 words)

	QNX Customer Success Story: Delcan
		The central server is also the repository from which operators can extract information relating to system events and traffic patterns.
		Velocis resides on the central server and is accessed from both the communications server (to write information to the database) and the operator work- stations.
		While modern traffic control systems can't make up for older streets and highways that are inadequate for current traffic flow, they can maximize the efficiency of existing infrastructure.
	www.qnx.com /company/customer_stories/ss_164_2.html (1489 words)

	Traffic Control Systems and the Year 2000
		Many traffic control systems, centralized, closed loop, and distributed-either run on a time of day mode or use time of day mode as a back up mode to real-time or traffic responsive mode of operation.
		Many traffic control systems are configured into a complex integrated system of various components such as the operating systems, application programs, utility programs, and many other programs that support system operation.
		All traffic control system operators should be pro-active and establish a plan to address the year 2000 problem, now.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /y2k/y2lalert.htm (940 words)

	Control Train Components - CTCPARTS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Not all signals in CTC territory are controlled by the dispatcher.
		Signals in CTC territory controlled by the dispatcher have the prefix on the control machine L or R. This comes from the days when the operators were located in cabins along the tracks.
		The signal control lever is a three-position +/-30 degree rotary (left, center, or right) lever that allows the dispatcher to initiate the control code to the field equipment to control the corresponding signals.
	ctcparts.com /about.htm (8193 words)

	Ravenna Railroad Historical Society
		Centralized Traffic Control is the term used when every junction and switch point is controlled by one location.
		Before CTC, railroads relied on towers with their Direct Traffic Control (DTC) which means one junction is controlled from a different point than another.
		Centralized Traffic Control was the downfall of railroad towers all around the United States.
	www.trainweb.org /RRRHS/rave.html (387 words)

	CENTRALIZED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM (CTC) RULES - (Rule 560 - 567) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Where CTC is designated in the time table or special instructions, trains and engines will be governed by block signals, cab signals, or both with reference to both opposing and following trains or engines on the same track.
		A train or engine crew may be authorized to manually operate specific dual control switches at a controlled location, as prescribed by Rule 104.2, paragraph (e).
		When switching is to be performed over a spring switch, which is included in the limits of a work authority prescribed by Rule 566 or 567, the indication of the signal governing movement over such switch may be considered suspended if the switch is properly lined.
	www.vex.net /~bri/CROR/CN-GLR-9602/560-567.html (1419 words)

	Centralized Traffic Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the last years of the old Burbank Tower, a Union Switch & Signal, CTC Machine replaced the mechanical levers and rods used to control the crossover switches.
		The switch levers you see on this panel once controled thousands of prototype trains a year are still work just fine for my layout.
		This CTC Machine and Clock work really well together and add a lot of operating intrust to my model railroad.
	www.geocities.com /espee9164/ctc.html (370 words)

	Las Vegas SUN: Traffic control system in gridlock
		The move also would take oversight away from a committee of traffic engineers and give it to the RTC board, which is made up of elected representatives from local governments.
		The agency was prepared to take control of a FAST system that three years ago had an annual budget of $1.8 million, which included compensation for fewer than two dozen employees and all capital costs.
		Brown said, however, the budget growth at the traffic control system is not a poison pill to stop the takeover.
	www.lasvegassun.com /sunbin/stories/sun/2004/mar/12/516516929.html (932 words)

	Traffic Control Systems and the Year 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For example, some traffic signal controller computer programs are year-sensitive because the day of the week is established by referencing the time of day and date.
		Many traffic control systems -- centralized, closed loop and distributed -- either run on a time of day mode or use time of day mode as a backup mode to real-time or traffic-responsive mode of operation.
		The diverse configurations of traffic control systems nationwide make it difficult for a developer/supplier to provide a universal assessment of their product’s compatibility with the Y2K issues.
	www.nawgits.com /ite/mccr_y2ki.html (1312 words)

	CLUI Newsetter - Summer 2004 - Traffic
		Before the integration of signalized intersections to a central control point, all intersections functioned autonomously, with loop counting circuitry and timers located in a pole box at the base of a traffic signal pole, or in a metal cabinet on the sidewalk.
		As the circuitry in the control boxes at intersections gets connected to hubs on a network, these systems become controllable from a central point, and can add their data to the big picture of the regional traffic system.
		Simplified and brief radio traffic reports have long been the primary way in which the picture of traffic flow is distributed to the public, with only a small percentage of drivers responding in a way that helps to alleviate the stress on the system.
	www.clui.org /clui_4_1/lotl/v27/g.html (1719 words)

	Air Traffic Control Knowledge Center
		The concept moves the NAS from a centralized command-and-control system between pilots and air traffic controllers to a distributed system that allows pilots to choose their own route and file a flight plan that follows the most efficient and economical route.
		The annual air traffic rate is expected to grow by 3 to 5 percent for at least the next 15 years and the current airspace management will not be able to handle this increase.
		Controllers will still be central to the safe operation of the system, but their responsibilities will eventually shift from controlling to monitoring flights.
	www.atccenter.com /freeflight.html (527 words)

	GENERAL CODE OF OPERATING RULES - GLOSSARY
		Control Operator Employee assigned to operate a CTC or interlocking control machine or authorized to grant track permits.
		Control Point The location of absolute signals controlled by a control operator.
		Controlled Siding A siding within CTC or interlocking limits where a signal indication authorizes the siding's use.
	www.cwrr.com /Lounge/Reference/rules/glossary.html (1081 words)

	AllRefer.com - New York Central RR, Business & Occupation, (Businesses And Occupations) - Encyclopedia
		By 1930, having absorbed other large railroads, the New York Central was one of the leading railroads connecting the Eastern seaboard with Midwestern cities.
		The New York Central was responsible for many technological innovations, including the first sleeping car, the first high-powered brakes, and the first centralized traffic-control system.
		In 1968, after a long legal battle that reached the U.S. Supreme Court, the New York Central and the Pennsylvania railroads merged to form the Penn Central Company.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/NewYorkCRR.html (328 words)

	2275 Railway Traffic Controllers and Marine Traffic Regulators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Railway traffic controllers usually require completion of secondary school and several years of experience in railway industry.
		Railway traffic controllers who are train operators require Level "B" Certificate of the Canadian Rail Operating Rules.
		There is little mobility between traffic controlling occupations in the railway and marine sectors.
	www23.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca /2001/e/groups/2275.shtml (373 words)

	Schools in Minnesota :: The Source for College Prep & Career Information
		Railway traffic controllers are responsible for coordinating passenger and freight train traffic on railways.
		It is vital that railway traffic controllers are systematic and detail oriented when coordinating trains' movements.
		Railway control operators also have good verbal and writing skills to give directions, relay information and read manuals and interpret the panel displays of the traffic control system.
	www.schoolsinminnesota.com /usa/careerprofiles_details.cfm?CarID=1739 (560 words)

	Railway Signal & Traffic Control Systems Standards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		3.2 Railway signal and traffic control systems shall, so far as possible, be arranged so that failure of any part of the system shall cause affected signals to give the most restrictive indications that the condition requires.
		3.4 Railway signal and traffic control systems shall be so interconnected that aspects to proceed cannot be displayed simultaneously for conflicting movements, except that opposing signals may indicate "proceed at restricted speed" at the same time for switching movements only.
		4.1 Railway signal and traffic control systems which affect the safety of railway operations shall be installed and modified in accordance with the Association of American Railroads Signal Manual of Recommended Practice, Communication and Signal Division (AAR Signal Manual) as amended from time to time.
	www.tc.gc.ca /railway/Rules/TC_E-07-01.htm (953 words)

	Union Switch & Signal : mainline Centralized Traffic Control & Operations Control Centers
		Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) centers are the heart of today's railroad operations, and USandS continues to lead the industry in the design and installation of systems that provide the ultimate in movement planning, dispatching, routing and supervisory control.
		USandS CTC systems provide dispatchers with a dynamic display of all the territory under control.
		The result is more effective management of special traffic control situations, and the ability to control thousands of miles of territory from a single location.
	www.switch.com /mainline.html (150 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		However, it is controlled centrally at the AC (4) The protocol used in between AP and AC: A UDP based tunnelling protocol that has a control channel and a data channel.
		The traffic is confined to control, configuration and management traffic between the AC and AP.
		However, the operational control and management of the AP is done by the AC.
	www.capwap.org /taxonomy/architecture/Inderpreet_singh_chantry.txt (581 words)

	Logic Rail Technologies CTC Demo page
		CTC refers to a method in which a dispatcher controls the routing of trains on a railroad.
		Above the signal control lever are lights which indicate the state of the trackside signals associated with the OS section.
		Below the signal control lever is a pushbutton label "Code." This is a very important part of the CTC panel operation.
	home.houston.rr.com /lrt/ctcdemo.htm (1352 words)

	Company History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		EAGLE Traffic Control Systems has a long history as a full-line traffic control equipment manufacturer and over the past 3 decades has expanded to include centralized computer control and monitoring systems.
		Today our traffic control products reflect the latest in computer and software technologies, and we have the distinction of being one of the few, if not the only, companies in the traffic management industry capable of supplying an entire system from software to signal heads.
		EAGLE Traffic Control Systems is a business unit of Siemens Energy and Automation, Inc., a subsidiary of Siemens Corporation.
	www.eagletcs.com /history.html (310 words)

	Railroad Signalling: Basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A CTC track can be used for traffic in both directions, though one direction may be preferred in daily operations.
		There is of course a set of rules to let a train enter CTC territory where a signal is not provided (say, from a spur) and to get trains moving in case of signal failure.
		Controlled signals protect mainly dual control switches and are controlled by an interlocking and is under direct control by the dispatcher.
	www.lundsten.dk /us_signaling/movement.html (2980 words)

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