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Topic: Cercozoa

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	Palaeos Eukarya: Rhizaria
		Cercozoa, originally named by Cavalier-Smith in 1998, is a diverse group of taxa united solely on molecular grounds, but supported by a number of genes (Longet et al.
		As generally circumscribed, Cercozoa also includes Gromiidae and Phytomyxea, but these more divergent taxa have been listed separately here to show their relative phylogenetic positions (and also to avoid having to lump Foraminifera in with the Cercozoa).
		Phaeodarea were traditionally included in Radiolaria, and share with Acantharea and Polycystinea the traits of a glassy shell (formed of a combination of silica and organic material in Phaeodarea) and a capsule dividing the cytoplasm into inner and outer compartments.
	www.palaeos.com /Eukarya/Units/Rhizaria/Rhizaria.html (1587 words)

	Cercozoa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cercozoa are a group of protists, including most amoeboids and flagellates that feed by means of filose pseudopods.
		The best-known Cercozoa are the euglyphids, filose amoebae with shells of siliceous scales or plates, which are commonly found in soils, nutrient-rich waters, and on aquatic plants.
		The Cercozoa are closely related to the Foraminifera and Radiolaria, amoeboids that usually have complex shells, and together with them form a supergroup called the Rhizaria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cercozoa (374 words)

	cercozoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Cercozoa are a group of protists, including most amoebae and flagellates that feed by means of filose pseudopods.
		The Foraminifera appear to be close relatives of the group, and a few other amoeboids with reticulose pseudopods are placed within it, such as the Gymnophryidae.
		The plasmodiophorids, a group of peculiar parasites resembling slime molds, are generally considered Cercozoa but this has been disputed.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /cercozoa.html (366 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Phylogeny and classification of phylum Cercozoa (Protozoa) In Phylum Cercozoa Subphylum Filosa subphyl.
		For a brief period before 1998, the clade soon to be called Cercozoa was referred to as Rhizopoda, as it included a large proportion of the...
		Cercozoa Class Chlorarachniophyceae Phylum Ciliophora Phylum Dictyosteliomycota Phylum Dinophyta Phylum Euglenozoa Phylum Flagellata Phylum Heliozoa Phylum Myxomycota Phylum Myxozoa Phylum Parabasalia Phylum...
	cercozoa.iqexpand.com (556 words)

	Amoeboid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The vast majority of filose amoebae, including all those that produce shells, are placed within the Cercozoa together with various flagellates that tend to have amoeboid forms.
		However, since they are all based on form rather than phylogeny, newer systems generally separate some out or abandon them entirely.
		Most amoeboids are now included in two major supergroups - the Amoebozoa, including most lobose amoebae and slime moulds, and the Rhizaria, including the Cercozoa, Foraminifera, radiolarian classes and certain heliozoa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amoebae (524 words)

	Rhizaria - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The main groups of Rhizaria are the Cercozoa, Foraminifera, and Radiolaria.
		They may be regarded as an extension of the Cercozoa.
		The name Rhizaria for the expanded group was introduced by Cavalier-Smith in 2002, who also included the centrohelids and apusomonads.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /rhizaria.htm (156 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Recently there has been evidence to support the formation of a supergroup called Cercozoa within the eukaryotes (Nikolaev et al., 2003). According to Baldauf (2003), Cercozoa would include formaniferans, cercomonads, chlorarchniophytes, radiolarians, and euglyphid amoebas. The unifying characteristic and proposed synapomorphy of these phyla within the Cercozoa is the reticulating pseudopodia, or reticulopodia.
		The presence of the reticulating pseudopodia is considered a synapomorphy of the supergroup Cercozoa (Baldauf 2003). According to Lee et al.
		A novel polyubiquitin structure in cercozoa and formanifera: evidence for a new eukaryotic supergroup.
	www.susqu.edu /students/b/bowlinge/CercozoaJournalArticle.htm (3702 words)

	A Novel Polyubiquitin Structure in Cercozoa and Foraminifera: Evidence for a New Eukaryotic Supergroup -- Archibald et ...
		A Novel Polyubiquitin Structure in Cercozoa and Foraminifera: Evidence for a New Eukaryotic Supergroup -- Archibald et al.
		Evidence from polyubiquitin gene structure that Foraminifera are related to Cercozoa.
		Figure shows a junction between two ubiquitin monomers in polyubiquitins from Foraminifera and Cercozoa (chlorarachniophytes, cercomonads, and a euglyphid) aligned with those of animals, fungi, plants, algae, and other protists.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/20/1/62 (2881 words)

	Poster Contributions to the spring 2002 BSSP conference held at Bristol University. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cercozoa are currently more clearly defined by this rRNA phylogeny than phenotypic characters, although morphological homogeneity within the major sub-branches is generally preserved.
		Ribosomal RNA trees suggest weakly that Cercozoa are related to Foraminifera (also supported by actin trees) and Radiolaria (new grouped as phylum Retaria Cavalier-Smith 1999).
		Recently, Cercozoa have been grouped with Retaria, Apusozoa, and Heliozoa as a new infrakingdom Rhizaria; however their relative branching order remains unclear and the grouping requires further investigation.
	www.bsspweb.freeserve.co.uk /bsspsite2/posters02k.htm (4400 words)

	Young Systematist’s Forum of The Systematics Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The novel protozoan phylum Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith 1998 comprises several groups previously of obscure affinity, including Cercomonadida, Thaumatomonadida, chlorarachniophyte algae, euglyphid testate amoebae, plasmodiophorid plant pathogens, and the parasitic Ascetospora.
		Cercozoa exhibit a wide range of morphologically and ecologically diverse forms, including most soft-surfaced biciliate zooflagellates (e.g.
		Ribosomal RNA trees suggest that Cercozoa are related to Foraminifera (also supported by actin trees) and Radiolaria.
	www.systass.org /ysf/youngsyst02.html (4129 words)

	Amoeboid -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A second group, the (Click link for more info and facts about Percolozoa) Percolozoa, includes protists that can transform between amoeboid and (Usually nonphotosynthetic free-living protozoan with whiplike appendages; some pathogens of humans and other animals) flagellate forms.
		The vast majority of filose amoebae, including all those that produce shells, are placed within the (Click link for more info and facts about Cercozoa) Cercozoa together with various flagellates that tend to have amoeboid forms.
		They are found most notably among the (Foraminifers) Foraminifera, a large group of marine protists that generally produce multi-chambered shells.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/am/amoeboid.htm (655 words)

	Radiolaria - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Traditionally the radiolarians also include the Phaeodarea, which produce siliceous skeletons but differ from the polycystines in several other respects.
		However, on molecular trees they branch with the Cercozoa, a group including various flagellate and amoeboid protists.
		The radiolarians and Cercozoa are included within a supergroup called the Rhizaria.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Radiolaria (302 words)

	Amoebozoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		There is some evidence that the amoebozoans monophyletic but their classification and relationships remain Patterson united them with the testate filose as the ramicristates based on the common of mitochondria with branching tubular cristae.
		However genetic include the amitochondriate pelobionts and entamoebae and remove the testate lobose amoeboids the Cercozoa.
		In the phylogeny proposed by Stechmann Cavalier-Smith the Amoebozoa lie near or at base of the eukaryotes but this position also been assigned to the excavates.
	www.freeglossary.com /Amoebozoa (279 words)

	Foraminifera and Cercozoa Are Related in Actin Phylogeny: Two Orphans Find a Home? -- Keeling 18 (8): 1551 -- Molecular ...
		Indeed, the union of Cercozoa and Foraminifera is one of the
		Circles at nodes indicate positions at which Cercozoa or Foraminifera were positioned in partially unresolved trees and tested by Kishino-Hasegawa tests.
		Filled circles indicate positions rejected at the 5% level for both groups (many were rejected at the 1% level—see text), while open circles indicate positions not rejected.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/18/8/1551 (4619 words)

	Cercozoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		including the Euglenozoa and Heterolobosea; 4) the Rhizaria, grouping the Foraminifera, most of the traditional Radiolaria, and the Cercozoa with filose...
		The best-known Cercozoa are the euglyphids, filose amoeboids that produce shells, which are common in soils, in nutrient-rich waters, and on aquatic plants.
		A few other filose amoeboids produce shells, such as Gromia, and were once grouped with the euglyphids as the Testacealobosea.
	www.wikiverse.org /cercozoa (350 words)

	Encyclopedia: Kingdom (biology)
		The discovery that bacteria have a radically different cell structure from other organisms (prokaryotic rather than eukaryotic) led Herbert Copeland to give them a separate kingdom, originally called Mychota but later referred to as Monera or Bacteria.
		Prehistoric life is a term used to refer to diverse organisms that inhabited Earth from the origin of life about 3.
		Typical phyla Rhodophyta (red algae) Chromista Heterokontophyta (heterokonts) Haptophyta Cryptophyta (cryptomonads) Alveolates Pyrrhophyta (dinoflagellates) Apicomplexa Ciliophora (ciliates) Excavates Euglenozoa Percolozoa Metamonada Rhizaria Radiolaria Foraminifera Cercozoa Amoebozoa Choanozoa Many others; classification varies The Kingdom Protista or Protoctista is one of the commonly recognized biological kingdoms, including all the eukaryotes except for...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kingdom-(biology) (2051 words)

	American Journal of Potato Research: Genetic Variation and Phylogeny of Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea Based ...
		The full-length small-subunit rRNA gene of S. subterranea was sequenced and analyzed by both neighbor-joining and parsimony methods to clarify the taxonomic position of this pathogen.
		The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that S. subterranea grouped together with other species of plasmodiphorids, and this group clustered with the phylum Cercozoa, an assemblage of filose and reticulose amoebae and phylogenetically related zooflagellates.
		The recognition of the existence of different genetic groups within S. subterranea will be important for the design of plant-breeding programs and in testing for plant resistance.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4069/is_200411/ai_n9467778 (1402 words)

	SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cavalier-Smith (2002) named the collection of taxa the Rhizaria within which he defines the sister clades: Retaria (Foraminifera + Radiolaria) and the Cercozoa (the cercomonads+haplosporids+plasmodiophorids).
		A more complete taxonomy (to the ordinal level) of the Kingdom Cercozoae.
		A photomicrograph of a section through the cells of a plant infected with Plasmodiophora taken at 400X with a DIC microscope.
	comenius.susqu.edu /BI/202/CERCOZOAE/cercozoae.htm (167 words)

	Protistology. 2004. Volume 3. Number 4. Alexander P. Myl'nikov. Serguei A. Karpov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cercomonads are very common heterotrophic flagellates in water and soil.
		Phylogenetically they are a key group of a protistan phylum Cercozoa.
		Morphological and taxonomical analysis of cercomonads reveals that the order Cercomonadida (Vickerman) Mylnikov, 1986 includes two families: Cercomonadidae Kent, 1880 (=Cercobodonidae Hollande, 1942) and Heteromitidae Kent, 1880 em.
	now.ifmo.ru /protistology/num3_4/mylnikov.htm (220 words)

	PhD \| Project Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		To fill this major gap the student would do high-throughput sequencing of thousands of genes from C-DNA libraries of ~5 phylogenetically ill-resolved and ecologically diverse cercozoan classes, and analyse them bioinformatically and phylogenetically.
		Cercozoa, as the only culturable rhizarians, are the best rhizarian targets for gene discovery by large-scale cDNA sequencing.
		Construct multigene trees to settle evolutionary relationship among major classes of Cercozoa and test the theory that Rhizaria are sisters of excavate protozoa.
	www.findaphd.com /search/showproject.asp?projectid=5981 (410 words)

	Foraminifera and Cercozoa share a common origin according to RNA polymerase II phylogenies -- Longet et al. 53 (6): ...
		A dash on the branch leading to Cercozoa indicates that the topology shown is not supported in the Fitch–Margoliash tree.
		Archibald, J. M., Longet, D., Pawlowski, J. and Keeling, P. A novel polyubiquitin structure in Cercozoa and Foraminifera: evidence for a new eukaryotic supergroup.
		Keeling, P. J., Deane, J. and McFadden, G. The phylogenetic position of alpha- and beta-tubulins from the Chlorarachnion host and Cercomonas (Cercozoa).
	ijs.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/6/1735 (2775 words)

	Novel kingdom-level eukaryotic diversity in anoxic environments -- Dawson and Pace 99 (12): 8324 -- Proceedings of the ...
		B is a summary of the total number of phylotypes that was identified and grouped by kingdom-level affiliation.
		Consensus bootstrapped phylogenetic tree showing evolutionary relationships of uncultivated members of Cercozoa, comprised of cercomonads, testate amoebae, thaumatomonads, and chlorarchaniophytes.
		Taxa with the designation "LKM" are from a recent molecular survey of a detritus-fed, continuous flow bioreactor (29).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/12/8324 (4357 words)

	Phaeodarea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In order to test further the monophyly of all Haeckel's Radiolaria, and as no data on Phaeodarea was available, we sequenced the complete SSU rRNA gene of three Phaeodarea and three Polycystinea.
		Our analyses show that the monophyletic Phaeodarea clearly branch among Cercozoa, and confirm that Acantharea and Polycystinea share a common history.
		This result enhances the morphological variability within Cercozoa, a phylum already containing very heterogeneous groups of protists.
	www.uga.edu /protozoa/secabs/abstr/int/a7/a766.html (195 words)

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