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Topic: Cerebral edema

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	DiabetoValens.com - The Diabetes Guide
		Clinically apparent cerebral edema occurs in approximately 1 percent of episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis in children and is associated with a mortality rate of 40 to 90 percent.
		Cerebral edema is responsible for 50 to 60 percent of diabetes-related deaths in children.
		The diagnosis of cerebral edema was based on deterioration in mental status accompanied by radiographic evidence in 32 of the 61 children (52 percent), by changes in mental status that improved after therapy for suspected cerebral edema in 27 children (44 percent), and by postmortem findings in 2 children (3 percent).
	my.diabetovalens.com /complications/cerebral.asp (2815 words)

	Edema - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Edema (BE: oedema, formerly known as dropsy) is swelling of any organ or tissue due to accumulation of excess fluid.
		Edema without a modifier usually refers to peripheral edema, which is edematous swelling from the legs upwards.
		Edema in plants is the extended swelling in plant organs caused primarily by an excessive accumulation of water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edema (247 words)

	Cerebral edema - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cerebral edema is swelling of the brain which can occur as the result of a head injury, cardiac arrest or from the lack of proper altitude acclimatization.
		Symptoms of cerebral edema include headaches, decreased level of consciousness, hallucinations, psychotic behavior, memory loss and coma.
		High Altitude Cerebral Edema (or HACE) is a severe (usually fatal) form of altitude sickness.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cerebral_edema (269 words)

	Type 1 Diabetes and Sports Participation
		Cerebral edema is a devastating complication of diabetic ketoacidosis and remains the leading cause of serious illness and death in children with diabetes mellitus.
		The incidence of cerebral edema was 0.9 percent, a rate remarkably similar to that reported historically in the United States (3) and recently in the United Kingdom.
		The development of cerebral edema may be the result of the treatment that children receive for diabetic ketoacidosis; treatments such as high doses of insulin and the administration of bicarbonate or large volumes of hypotonic fluid would be the major culprits.
	www.idea2000.org /moreinfo/docs/Cerebral_Edema_during_Ketoacidosis.html (985 words)

	Krane: DKA and Cerebral Edema (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Cerebral edema complicating DKA is generally an unpredictable phenomenon that occurs in children who seem to be metabolically returning to normal, generally 3-12 hours after the initiation of therapy (4-6) (Figure 2).
		We therefore recognize that cerebral edema is a common subclinical complication of DKA in children, and that in a very few unfortunate children the cerebral edema becomes clinically manifest, usually with devastating consequences.
		The one common denominator of children who develop cerebral edema complicating DKA is therapy with insulin, and insulin has been experimentally shown in more than one study to be associated with the accumulation of cations and complex carbohydrates in the brain, and the development of cerebral edema during correction of hyperglycemia in laboratory animals.
	pedsccm.wustl.edu /FILE-CABINET/Metab/DKA-CEdema.html (3900 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial
		Cerebral edema is the most important complication of DKA as it is associated with a high mortality rate of 20 to 90 % in various series(2-6).
		Cerebral edema is primarily a clinical diagnosis and should be suspected when there is an unexpected deterioration in neurological status after initial improvement or persistence of a comatose state without an obvious cause.
		Cerebral edema has been hypothesized to result from either one of two broad pathogenetic mechanisms or a combination of both: (a) breakdown of the endothelium blood-brain barrier leading to interstitial brain edema (vasogenic edema) or (b) from swelling of astrocytes as a result of altered intracellular osmotic balance or dysfunctional cellular membrane (cytotoxic edema).
	www.indianpediatrics.net /aug2006/aug-701-708.htm (3293 words)

	Brain Edema and Cerebral Edema, January 2, 2007
		Cerebral edema is an increase in brain volume caused by an absolute increase in cerebral tissue water content.
		Vasogenic edema arises from transvascular leakage caused by mechanical failure of the tight endothelial junctions of the BBB.
		It eventually resolves as edema fluid is reabsorbed into the vascular space or the brain edema and cerebral edema.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals2a/brain_edema.htm (607 words)

	Hypoxia Information on Healthline
		Cerebral infarction (CI) is a severe condition caused by a focal vascular occlusion in an area of the brain.
		Cerebral edema refers to abnormal increases in water content in the brain and occurs with all types of cerebral ischemia and hemorrhagic stroke.
		Cerebral edema and herniation of the brain is the cause of death for approximately 75% of all fatal stroke victims and 33% of fatalities for all ischemic events to the brain.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/hypoxia (814 words)

	edema on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		EDEMA [edema], abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body tissues or in the body cavities causing swelling or distention of the affected parts.
		Edema of the ankles and lower legs (in ambulatory patients) is characteristic of congestive heart failure, but it can accompany other conditions, including obesity, diseased leg veins, kidney disease, cirrhosis of the liver, anemia, and severe malnutrition.
		Edema is the result of venous ulceration, which is often caused by an increase in tissue pressure (increased fluid within the tissue) because of increased capillary permeability.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/e1/edema.asp (568 words)

	Cerebral Edema
		The amount of edema is greatest in the white matter (increased water and sodium in the extracellular spaces, decreased potassium); but the same changes may take place in grey matter but less so.
		This type of edema is seen in response to trauma, tumors, focal inflammation, and late stages of cerebral ischemia.
		Cytoxotic edema is seen with various intoxications (dinitrophenol, triethyltin, hexachlorophene, isoniazid) and in Reye's syndrome, severe hypothermia, and early ischemia.
	brainavm.uhnres.utoronto.ca /staff/Wallace/2000_curriculum/cerebral_edema.htm (422 words)

	[No title]
		We therefore recognize that cerebral edema is a common subclinical complication of DKA in children, and that in a very few unfortunate children the cerebral edema becomes clinically manifest, usually with devastating consequences.
		The cause of the underlying cerebral edema in DKA, and the cause of neurologic deterioration in the minority of children whose cerebral pathology progresses, have been the source of considerable debate over the years.
		Because all children with DKA are treated with insulin, the data are consistent with the observation that cerebral edema occurs only after the initiation of therapy (with the exception of a few rare case reports).
	pages.prodigy.net /dsol/pedipa/dka_cerebral-edema.doc (2587 words)

	American Diabetes Association 62nd Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Subclinical cerebral edema appears to be present in virtually all patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, regardless of their age.
		Another factor that lends credence to the hypothesis that cerebral edema is brought on by oxygen deprivation is the fact that cerebral edema in diabetic ketoacidosis occurs mainly in children, whose brains relative to their size have higher energy and oxygen requirements than those of adults.
		The development of early cerebral edema was best identified by the presence of one diagnostic criteria, two major criteria, or one major criteria and two minor criteria.
	diabeteshighlights.org /summary/summary.asp?sid=1&stid=5&ld=2002-06-14 (1437 words)

	PedsCCM: EB Journal Club Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The criteria used for cerebral edema included children with either radiographically or pathologically confirmed cerebral edema, or specific treatment for cerebral edema (hyperosmolar therapy or controlled hyperventilation) that was followed by clinical improvement.
		Cerebral edema is a known complication of diabetic ketoacidosis that can develop with a variable delay after presentation.
		Since the incidence of cerebral edema is small in DKA (~1% in this study), a relative risk of 2 would roughly translate to a 2% risk of cerebral edema, still rather small.
	pedsccm.wustl.edu /EBJ/HARM/Glaser-DKA_CE_risk_factors.html (1596 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Furthermore, we have observed that extravasation of plasma proteins from cerebral blood vessels into the extracellular cerebral space in the ischemic brain area was influenced in the same manner as the brain edema by the same treatments.
		For prevention of cerebral damage, the mast cell degranulation-blocking or mast cell activation-blocking agent should preferably be administered before, preferably at least 5 minutes, in particular at least 10 minutes before the patient is subjected to conditions, which normally are conducive to cerebral ischemia.
		Cerebral hemorrhage outcome The mortality of the cerebral hemorrhage induced by surgical procedures in i.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=04/71531.040826&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (7830 words)

	Increased Intracranial pressure-Module
		Cerebral edema is defined as brain swelling or an excess of water within the brain tissue.
		Cerebral edema can be one of the causes for intracranial pressure to increase.
		Cerebral perfusion pressure is felt to be compromised during the plateau phases and herniation may occur.
	www.ocalaregional.com /CustomPage.asp?guidCustomContentID={A88FB334-931F-4A52-9AF1-1BBA7C91C54C} (4188 words)

	Cerebral Edema in Cats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Cerebral edema can also be caused by lack of oxygen, decreased blood flow to the brain, brain tumors, toxins and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and electrolyte abnormalities.
		Animals with cerebral edema may range from being dull and unresponsive to being comatose, depending on the severity of the brain swelling.
		Cerebral edema is often a life threatening disorder and must be managed by your veterinarian.
	www.petplace.com /cats/cerebral-edema-in-cats/page1.aspx (527 words)

	Is Cerebral Palsy Autoimmune? It appears so
		Cerebral palsy may not be caused by physical trauma during birth, but by natural body chemicals gone awry, researchers said Thursday.
		Cerebral palsy is characterized by poor muscle control ranging from clumsiness to severe paralysis.
		Cerebral palsy is also more common in premature babies and can be caused by brain injury related to meningitis or severe dehydration.
	www.valdezlink.com /pages/cerebralpalsy-autoimmune.htm (742 words)

	High-Altitude Cerebral Edema Likely Caused By Leaks In Blood-Brain Barrier
		Research conducted at the University at Buffalo suggests that high-altitude cerebral edema is caused by a disruption in the blood-brain barrier, the specialized layer of cells in cerebral blood vessels that, under normal conditions, allow only certain substances to pass into the brain's circulation.
		Information gained from the study of high-altitude cerebral edema and hypoxia is relevant to many people other than those wealthy enough to afford an Everest trek, Krasney noted.
		Krasney's research using sheep has shown that the symptoms of high-altitude cerebral edema are not caused by an inadequate supply of oxygen or glucose to the brain.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-04/UaB-HCEL-280498.php (579 words)

	World Journal of Surgical Oncology \| Full text \| Cerebral edema in a patient following cytoreductive surgery and ...
		A case of fatal postoperative cerebral edema is presented in a patient with an underlying seizure disorder and recurrent mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix.
		At autopsy, diffuse cerebral edema with tonsillar herniation was noted (Figure 3).
		In one animal study, persistent seizures resulted in generalized cerebral edema at 2 hours and necrotic edema at 24 hours [15].
	www.wjso.com /content/4/1/85 (2250 words)

	Baylor Neurology Case of the Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Her CNS dysfunction was characterized as aseptic meningitis and cerebral edema, together with anosmia from cranial nerve I dysfunction, abducens palsies presenting as false-localizing signs of her cerebral edema, and diffuse white matter disease accompanied by mild slowing of mentation but otherwise very little cognitive impairment.
		MRI may show extensive bilateral white matter abnormalities suggestive of edema in the cerebral hemispheres, the brain stem, in the cerebellum, which may be associated with hypertension, benign intracranial hypertension, immunosuppression or other signs of active CNS lupus.
		MRI and angiographic daignosis of lupus cerebral vasculitis.
	www.bcm.edu /neurol/challeng/pat48/summary.html (2123 words)

	Edema
		Edema (also known as dropsy or fluid retention) is the accumulation of excessive amounts of fluid in the interstitial space due to imbalance between hydrostatic and oncotic pressure.
		Edema may either be localized due to venous/lymphatic obstruction or increased vascular permeability, or systemic due to organ failure.
		It may be mild and cyclical, as in fluid retention associated with menses, or severe and life-threatening, as in angioneurotic or cerebral edema.
	metagenics.com /resources/imc/OneMedicineProf/ProfConditions/Edemapc.html (1554 words)

	Edema of the Brain
		•The cerebral hemispheres are seen from the top with the frontal lobes to the left and the occipital lobes to the right and the cerebellum between the two occipital lobes.
		•Edema causes brain swelling with flattening of gyri and narrowing of the sulci.
		•Severe cerebral edema produces increased intracranial pressure with headache and lethargy at first followed by coma, third nerve palsy (dilatation of the pupils and hemiparesis) due to compression of the cerebral peduncle containing the corticospinal tract against the tentorium.
	pathweb.uchc.edu /eAtlas/CNS/858.htm (277 words)

	April 30, 1998-Vol29n30: What's the real cause of mountain sickness?; Research at UB points to leaks in blood-brain ...
		Research conducted at UB suggests that high-altitude cerebral edema is caused by a disruption in the blood-brain barrier, the specialized layer of cells in cerebral blood vessels that, under normal conditions, allow only certain substances to pass into the brain's circulation.
		Krasney's research using sheep has shown that the symptoms of high-altitude cerebral edema are not caused by an inadequate supply of oxygen or glucose to the brain.
		Krasney and colleagues are attempting to clarify further the importance of these mechanisms in the development of acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral edema.
	www.buffalo.edu /reporter/vol29/vol29n30/n1.html (568 words)

	Cerebral Palsy Lawyer Lawsuit CP Information Cerebral Palsy Attorney and Legal Actions
		Cerebral Palsy is a condition caused by damage to the brain, usually occurring immediately before, during or shortly after birth.
		The term Cerebral Palsy is not a diagnosis, but rather it provides a useful therapeutic classification for children with involuntary movements, in coordination and static spastic paresis.
		However, those with severe Cerebral Palsy, unfortunately, their lives may be totally dependent on the assistance of families, medical communities and others entities for their entire lives.
	www.texastriallawyer.com /cerebral_palsy/index.htm (1232 words)

	High Altitude Illness
		Clinically and pathophysiologically, high-altitude cerebral edema is the end-stage of acute mountain sickness.
		High-altitude pulmonary edema is a noncardiogenic pulmonary edema associated with pulmonary hypertension and elevated capillary pressure.
		Patients with severe high-altitude pulmonary edema, indicated by the failure of arterial oxygen saturation to improve to more than 90 percent within five minutes after the initiation of high-flow oxygen, and those with concomitant high-altitude cerebral edema must be moved to a lower altitude and possibly hospitalized.
	members.tripod.com /enotes/highaltitude.htm (1602 words)

	CPSP - Recognition and Treatment of Cerebral Edema Complicating Diabetic Ketoacidosis
		Cerebral edema (CE) is the leading cause (30–62%) of these DKA-related deaths.
		Clinically significant edema may occasionally be present at the time of presentation of the child with DKA to the hospital, but CE generally develops 2 to 24 hours after initiation of DKA treatment.
		Franklin B, Lui J, Ginsberg-Fellner F. Cerebral edema and ophthalmoplegia reversed by mannitol in a new case of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
	www.cps.ca /English/Surveillance/CPSP/Resources/Rcerebraledema.htm (793 words)

	CEREBRAL EDEMA IN HEPATIC FAILURE Slide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This cerebral edema is a major cause of intracraneal hypertension and death in patients with fulminant hepatic failure (Figure 3).
		Brain edema is only rarely a complication of chronic liver failure, although cerebral glutamine increases to a similar extent in both chronic and acute liver failure.
		The rarity of cerebral edema may be explained by a compensatory decrease of other osmolytes such as myoInositol and taurine (Figure 4).
	www.neurographics.org /Rovira/3.shtml (315 words)

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