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Topic: Cerebrovascular disease

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	THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 44, Cerebrovascular Disease
		Among whites, atherosclerosis of the cerebrovascular bed is most common at the origins of the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries in the neck and in the intracranial vertebral and basilar arteries.
		Anterior cerebral artery disease causes weakness and numbness of the contralateral lower extremity and weakness of the contralateral shoulder.
		Angioplasty (often with stenting) is used mainly for patients with extracranial carotid or vertebral artery occlusive disease when an artery is severely stenotic and the patient is not a surgical candidate or the arterial lesion is not surgically accessible.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmg/sec6/ch44/ch44c.jsp (4073 words)

	NeurosurgeryToday.org \| What is Neurosurgery \| Patient Education Materials \| cerebrovascular disease
		The term cerebrovascular disease includes all disorders in which an area of the brain is temporarily or permanently affected by ischemia or bleeding and one or more of the cerebral blood vessels are involved in the pathological process.
		Cerebrovascular disease is the most common life threatening neurological event in the U.S. Intracranial atherosclerosis is responsible for approximately 40,000 of these attacks per year, representing 10 percent of all ischemic strokes.
		It is a disease that tends to affect children and adults in the third to fourth decades of life.
	www.neurosurgerytoday.org /what/patient_e/cerebrovascular.asp (5144 words)

	Hospital Discharge Rates for Cerebrovascular Disease -- United States, 1970-1986
		Despite a nearly 50% decline in cerebrovascular mortality in the past 30 years, stroke remains the third leading cause of death and continues to be a major public health problem in the United States.
		For acute ill-defined cerebrovascular disease, rates climbed fro 97 in 1970 to 119 in 1978 and from 99 in 1979 to 121 in 1984; they declined to 104 in 1985 and to 92 in 1986.
		For other cerebrovascular diseases, hospital discharge rates increased from 75 in 1970 to 87 in 1972, fluctuated between 87 and 93 through 1984, then declined to 76 in 1986.
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001370.htm (1187 words)

	NHS Direct - Health encyclopaedia -Cerebrovascular disease
		Cerebrovascular disease is any disease affecting an artery within the brain, or supplying blood to the brain.
		Cerebrovascular disease makes it more likely that a stroke will occur, when there is a sudden blockage or rupture of a blood vessel within the brain.
		Blockage may be due to a blood clot forming in the cerebral arteries (a thrombosis) or by a fragment of material (blood clot, piece of tissue, cholesterol or various other substances) travelling in the blood stream (an embolism).
	www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk /articles/article.aspx?articleId=94 (226 words)

	International Journal of Health Geographics \| Full text \| Geographical variation of cerebrovascular disease in New York ...
		This research is well-founded since cerebrovascular disease, the third leading cause of death in the US, has long been associated with such traditional risk factors as hypertension, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, obesity, and tobacco use [2-4].
		To determine whether the differences between the observed and expected prevalence of cerebrovascular disease could be attributed to income, we performed a nonlinear regression; the age-adjusted cerebrovascular disease rate was taken as the dependent variable, and income and income squared were taken as independent variables.
		To test for the existence of geographic clusters of cerebrovascular disease exhibiting significantly higher or lower observations than could be expected upon the basis of age-structure, we used the statistical test suggested by Rogerson [24].
	www.ij-healthgeographics.com /content/4/1/25 (4424 words)

	CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), atherosclerosis, congenital heart disease, and hypertension all are forms of cardiovascular disease.
		For diseases of the heart, rates of premature mortality (deaths before age 65) for fl males and females were more than twice the comparable figures for whites and Hispanics from 1989 to 1991 (Figure 3-25).
		Cerebrovascular disease death rates were highest for fl persons, especially fl males (62.1 per 100,000 population); rates for whites and Hispanics were considerably lower.
	www.dph.state.ct.us /oppe/sha99t/cardiovascular_disease.htm (889 words)

	Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke)
		Cerebrovascular disease, or stroke, is the death of brain tissue that occurs when the brain does not receive enough blood flow and oxygen.
		Cerebrovascular disease, or stroke, occurs in approximately 1.2 to 2.5 out of every 100,000 children each year.
		In cases of sickle cell disease, researchers have noted some success in preventing stroke by using periodic blood transfusions to suppress the level of circulating sickle hemoglobin to 30% or less.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /childrens/healthinfo/c/stroke.htm (803 words)

	eMedicine - Fabry Disease : Article by Melissa Wasserstein, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This variability in the severity of disease manifestations in female carriers is caused by random X inactivation (ie, lyonization), which occurs early in embryogenesis.
		Causes: Fabry disease is caused by inherited deficiencies in the gene encoding
		Since Fabry disease is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait, all daughters of affected males are carriers and no sons of affected males have the gene for Fabry disease.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2888.htm (3885 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Genetic risk factors for cerebrovascular disease in children with sickle cell disease: ...
		Despite this common genetic background, phenotypic expression of sickle cell disease is widely variable, ranging from a mild, asymptomatic course with survival into the sixth or seventh decade to a very severe course with multi-organ damage and early mortality [1].
		Stroke is a devastating complication of sickle cell disease, which occurs in 11% of the patients by 20 years of age as shown by the multi-center Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD) [3,4].
		Therefore, a large case-control association study of the role of genes in the development of cerebrovascular disease and stroke risk based upon TCD, is likely to provide more accurate information and may resolve the controversial results obtained in smaller studies [5].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2350/4/6 (6135 words)

	Stroke And Cerebrovascular Disease: Online References For Health Concerns
		Cerebrovascular disease, including stroke, is the third-leading cause of death in the United States and a leading cause of disability among older Americans.
		Cerebrovascular disease occurs when the blood vessels supplying the brain with oxygenated blood are damaged or their function is compromised.
		Now that they have identified endothelial dysfunction as a fundamental process of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, along with the prime risk factors for endothelial dysfunction, such as high blood pressure and smoking, researchers are pursuing new therapies aimed at preventing strokes by improving the health of our arteries.
	www.lef.org /protocols/heart_circulatory/stroke_cerebrovascular_disease_01.htm (3429 words)

	Cerebrovascular Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cerebrovascular disease can be divided into two major categories; ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.
		Ischaemic stroke accounts for approximately 80% of all strokes and is a result of occlusion of a blood vessel supplying an area of brain, depriving it of glucose and oxygen.
		40% of ischaemic strokes are secondary to intracranial vascular disease, leading to lacunar infarcts in deep subcortical areas such as the basal ganglia, internal capsule and brainstem.
	mripractice.tripod.com /mrpractice/id19.html (1726 words)

	Peripherial Vascular Disease
		Arteriosclerosis of the extremities is a disease of the blood vessels characterized by narrowing and hardening of the arteries (see Fig.70 under atherosclerosis of coronary arteries) that supply the legs and feet (leg arteries-fig1).
		Most cerebrovascular disease occurs within arteries not in the brain itself, but in the neck (carotid arteries), supplying oxygen-rich blood to the brain.
		Raynaud's disease and Raynaud's phenomenon are conditions in which small arteries (arterioles), usually in the fingers and toes, go into spasm, causing the skin to become pale or a patchy red to blue.
	www.rjmatthewsmd.com /Definitions/peripheral_vascular_disease.htm (9771 words)

	CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY GROUP - PORTUGUESE NEUROLOGICAL SOCIETY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		EM PORTUGUÊS, P.F. The Cerebrovascular Disease Study Group was established in artº15º of the Portuguese Neurological Society estatutes, with the aim of studying, investigating and revealing the most relevant aspects of cerebrovascular diseases.
		To study the main problems which cerebrovascular diseases incite, undertaking collaborative actions at a national level.
		Patients with Ischemic Transient Attacks (TIA) or non-disabling ischemic Cerebrovascular Infarcts, with stenosis of 70 to 99% in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery.
	www.grafix.net /gedcv/ingles.html (1408 words)

	Cerebrovascular Disease in Young Patients - Evanston Northwestern Healthcare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Historically, the care of young patients with cerebrovascular disease has been delivered by specialists in pediatrics who may not be familiar with the latest neurovascular advances, or specialists in adult neurovascular disease.
		The Program for Young Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease was developed under the leadership of three physicians who are pre-eminent in their fields: Hunt Batjer, MD, Chair of Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery; and Issam Awad, MD, Director of Neurovascular Surgery at ENH; in coordination with Tadanori Tomita, MD, Division Head of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children’s Memorial Hospital.
		Cerebrovascular disease, although rare in children, can be debilitating and even life-threatening.
	www.enh.org /healthandwellness/clinicalservices/neurosurgery/young (468 words)

	Cerebrovascular Disease - Page 1 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is also referred to as ischemic disease, or a disease that causes a lack of blood flow.
		In contrast to ischemic cerebrovascular disease, in which the brain does not receive enough blood, hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease is characterized by too much blood in the brain.
		Although it can be difficult to detect cerebrovascular disease, there are known risk factors that might alert a physician.
	heart.healthcentersonline.com.cob-web.org:8888 /peripheralvascular/cerebrovasculardisease.cfm (570 words)

	NeurosurgeryToday.org \| What is Neurosurgery \| Patient Education Materials \| stroke/cerebrovascular disease
		Cerebrovascular disease is one of the most devastating, and most misunderstood, epidemics of our time.
		The word "cerebrovascular" is made up of two parts "cerebro" which refers to the large part of the brain and "vascular" which means arteries and veins.
		The term cerebrovascular disease covers acute stroke and other diseases that may lead to stroke, like carotid stenosis and aneurysms.
	www.neurosurgerytoday.org /what/patient_e/stroke2.asp?ShowMenu=false&ShowPrint=false (3747 words)

	AMWA : Cerebrovascular Disease in Women (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In contrast to men, atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease in women tends to be intracranial.
		The cost of widespread prescription of estrogen for the prevention of cerebrovascular disease is considerable and such a practice may confer other risks.
		In a study of a small number of subjects, ticlopidine was shown to be superior to aspirin in patients with intracranial atheriosclerosis, with diabetes, and possibly in women.
	www.jamwa.org /index.cfm?objectid=0B8550CA-D567-0B25-55EF7C42FF10F655 (884 words)

	Cerebrovascular disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cerebrovascular disease is damage to the blood vessels in the brain, resulting in a stroke.
		The blood vessels can become blocked because of fat deposits, or a wandering blood clot, blocking the flow of blood to a part of the brain.
		People with diabetes are at higher risk of cerebrovascular disease.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cerebrovascular_disease (97 words)

	CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
		Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) includes all disorders in which an area of the brain is transiently or permanently affected by ischemia or bleeding and one or more of the cerebral blood vessels are involved in the pathological process.
		CVD is the third leading cause of death after heart disease and malignancy and it is estimated that an average of 500,000 new strokes will occur each year in the USA.
		Unlike other types of cerebrovascular diseases, the incidence of SAH has remained about the same for the last 20 years.
	www.uic.edu /classes/pmpr/pmpr652/Final/Winkler/CVD.html (3346 words)

	Cerebrovascular Disease : Epilepsy.com/Professionals
		The term stroke refers to a neurologic deficit with sudden or rapid onset due to hemorrhagic or ischemic cerebrovascular disease, which lasts 24 hours or more.
		Subsequent studies have confirmed that cerebrovascular disease is the most common documented cause of seizures in the elderly, accounting for 22—69% of seizures in this age group.
		An additional relationship between seizures and vascular disease concerns differential diagnosis: In some cases, it is difficult to determine whether the cause of transient neurologic dysfunction is ischemia (TIA) or seizure and, if from a seizure, whether the seizure itself results from a new vascular insult.
	professionals.epilepsy.com /page/cerebrovas.html (587 words)

	IMAGING OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
		Infarcts can usually be distinguished from inflammatory and neoplastic disease because unlike the white matter pattern of edema found with tumors and abscesses, infarcts involve the cortex as well and, therefore, the abnormal density or signal intensity should extend peripherally to involve the cortex.
		Other diseases of the brain, such as non-bacterial infections, neoplasia, contusions, and demyelinating diseases, are not associated with cytotoxic edema, and therefore as a rule, they are not hyperintense on the diffusion images.
		It depends on regional philosophies of therapy in occlusive vascular disease and on the relative strengths of the different imaging procedures at the institution.
	spinwarp.ucsd.edu /NeuroWeb/Text/br-710.htm (4244 words)

	Neurology Department of Yale School of Medicine
		The mission of the Yale Cerebrovascular Center is to provide the most advanced treatments for stroke available anywhere, and in keeping with that mission, the Center is dedicated to the advancement of knowledge about cerebrovascular disease and prevention, and treatment.
		The Center's team of medical specialists is internationally recognized for their expertise in treating cerebrovascular disease (stroke), and patients are offered superior services in a warm and compassionate environment.
		The Yale Cerebrovascular Center combines resources of the Neurovascular Surgery and Vascular Neurology Programs with in the Department of Neurology, Interventional Neuroradiology within the Department of Diagnostic Radiology at Yale University School of Medicine and the Yale-New Haven Hospital, in a truly multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with cerebrovascular disease.
	info.med.yale.edu /neurol/programs/cerebrovascular.html (266 words)

	IDF Diabetes and Cardio-Vascular Diseases - Cerebrovascular Disease
		The clinical consequences of vascular disease in the cerebral circulation will depend upon which vessels or combinations of vessels are involved.
		Cerebrovascular disease mortality has also declined markedly in many developed countries during the last half of the twentieth century.
		The relative frequency of the thrombotic form of stroke appears to mirror the prevalence of coronary heart disease.
	www.cvd.idf.org /Cardiovascular_Disease/Cerebrovascular_Disease (667 words)

	The Disability Handbook on Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke).
		There are two main manifestations of cerebrovascular disease: stroke and dementia.
		(i) A stroke is the popular term used for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) which is an interruption of the blood supply to, or haemorrhage into, a part of the brain resulting in impaired function of the brain and nervous system.
		In addition, older people are more likely to have other complicating conditions such as cardiac disease or dementia which may contribute to their attendance needs.
	www.benefitsnow.co.uk /handbook/cerebrovascular.asp (770 words)

	NER Foundation/Boston Scientific Fellowship Award in Cerebrovascualr Disease Research
		Our understanding of the mechanisms of cerebrovascular disease are continually changing and new methods for treatment of these disease entities continue to be developed.
		For many reasons, it is important that neuroradiologists continue to be in the forefront of development and testing of new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in cerebrovascular disease.
		The research project should specifically focus on an aspect of cerebrovascular disease that is likely to be important in patient care.
	www.asnr.org /asnr/fellowship-cdr (255 words)

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