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Topic: Cerenkov effect

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	Cerenkov Radiation
		A similar effect occurs for light when an electrically charged particle traverses a dielectric medium at speeds that are greater than those of light in that medium.
		The blue glow that emanates from the water in which highly radioactive nuclear reactor fuel rods are stored is caused by the Cerenkov effect.
		The importance of the Cerenkov effect as a scientific tool lies in the connection between particle speed and angle between momentum direction and radiation emission.
	dept.physics.upenn.edu /balloon/cerenkov_radiation.html (563 words)

	Cerenkov and Bremsstrahlung radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Cerenkov counting and, to a lesser degree, counting bremsstrahlung, are two methods which are preferred when circumstances permit.
		Whereas the primary Cerenkov emission may very well have favored one photomultiplier to the exclusion of the other, with isotropic light emission both photomultipliers are equally likely to receive photons and to pulse.
		Cerenkov emission, is also light produced in the absence of scintillators, but by a different mechanism, and is restricted by the energy threshold to the more energetic emitters.
	www.inus.com /docs/cerenkov.htm (1521 words)

	[No title]
		Cerenkov radiation happens when a particle travels faster than the speed of light.
		However, since Cerenkov radiation always happens in a medium, such as water, light is slowed down proportional to the index of refraction of the medium.
		The magnitude of the effect is proportional to the momentum of the object and the angular velocity of the reference frame.
	www.angelfire.com /az3/azzie/writing.html (1079 words)

	Pavel A. Cherenkov - Biography
		This "Cerenkov effect", associated with charged atomic particles moving at velocities higher than the speed of light, proved to be of great importance in subsequent experimental work in nuclear physics and for the study of cosmic rays.
		The Cerenkov detector has become a standard piece of equipment in atomic research for observing the existence and velocity of high-speed particles, and the device was installed in Sputnik III.
		Cerenkov was awarded State Prizes in 1946 (with Vavilov, Frank, and Tamm) and in 1951.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1958/cerenkov-bio.html (322 words)

	Cerenkov radiation
		The phenomenon was discovered by Mallet in 1926 and studied by Cerenkov from 1934 to 1938.
		Cerenkov proved that it was not a fluorescence effect and found that the light was partially polarized.
		A correct theoretical explanation for Cerenkov radiation was first given by Frank and Tamm in 1937.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/Cerenkov_radiation.html (274 words)

	CERENKOV EFFECT
		The Cerenkov electromagnetic radiation, usually bluish light, is emitted by a beam of high-energy charged particles passing through a transparent medium at a speed greater than the speed of light in that medium.
		The effect is similar to that of a sonic boom when an object moves faster than the speed of sound; in this case the radiation is a shock wave set up in the electromagnetic field.
		The Cerenkov photoemission may be studied as a relativistic effect in which the conservation of energy and linear momentum must both be satisfied.
	teachers.web.cern.ch /teachers/archiv/HST2002/Bubblech/mbitu/cerenkov_effect.htm (471 words)

	Theory: Hadron Tracking (SLAC VVC)
		The phenomenon of Cerenkov radiation is somewhat like a sonic boom, except it is light instead of sound.
		A Cerenkov ring imaging detector measures the size of the ring formed when the cone of light hits a light-sensitive detector.
		A simpler type of Cerenkov detector can be used in cases where the energy of the particles of interest is well known.
	www2.slac.stanford.edu /vvc/theory/trackhadrons.html (528 words)

	Air Cerenkov Detectors
		Air Cerenkov detectors, as the name implies, rely on the detection of this pool of light to detect the arrival of a cosmic gamma-ray.
		The Cerenkov light reflected from this mirror is then detected in the focal plane by one or many photomultipliers which convert the optical signal into an electronic signal to record the gamma-ray "event".
		The Cerenkov light collected from a gamma-ray shower has a smaller angular distribution and tends to have an ellipsoidal shape which aligns itself with the direction of the incoming photon.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/how_l2/cerenkov.html (1415 words)

	Scientific History of Kendric C. Smith
		I was to work on the biological effects of whole-body X-irradiation on rats, with special emphasis on the effects of radiation on the activity of enzymes that metabolize the nucleic acids.
		The Cerenkov effect can be enhanced by placing a column of water around the cells contained in a quartz tube (i.e., a UV radiation transmitting tube) (A85).
		This effect by ruvA was not due to an effect on the induction of the recA or umuC genes (A129).
	www.stanford.edu /~kendric/scihist.html (17774 words)

	SPIE Proceedings Vol. 2557b
		Abstract: Modifications caused by the nonmonoenergetic beams to the recently described helical Cerenkov radiation (resulting from electron helical motion in a medium under the influence of magnetic field) are studied in a visible portion of the spectrum.
		The effect of the nonmonoenergetic beam on the helical Cerenkov radiation is that, for the same visible frequency and the same radiation angle, the radiation may occur, in addition to through the the usual helical Cerenkov effect, also through harmonic radiation above and below the helical Cerenkov threshold.
		The effects of tapered magnetic fields with uniform or tapered interaction radii are to broaden the microwave spectrum over the uniform tube-field case.
	www.spie.org /web/abstracts/2500/2557b.html (5221 words)

	Can black holes be used for time travel?
		The cerenkov particle is observable from the luminous 'shock wave' emitted from the transluminous particle.
		The Cerenkov effect is possible, and observed but the Lorentz Invariance is not being violated.
		Cerenkov radiation is commonly seen in the "Gamma Ray Cascades"(electromagnetic showers) in the Earth's atmosphere as seen at: http://www.shef.ac.uk/physics/teachi...20/topic8.html
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=12057 (1788 words)

	SPIE Proceedings Vol. 2843
		Increase in the strength in B decreases the number of harmonics at both sides of the helical Cerenkov effect threshold.
		In order to take maximum advantage of this effect, the physics of the formation of the plasma channel and the resulting beam focusing has been studied and a simple computer model of this process is evolving based on the experimental results.
		Effects of the common load on frequency and power characteristics are viewed.
	www.spie.org /web/abstracts/2800/2843.html (5073 words)

	UMR Nuclear Reactor: Blue Glow and Cerenkov Radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The intensity of the blue glow is directly proportional to the number of fissions occurring and the reactor power level.
		This property is utilized in Cerenkov detectors that measure the magnitude of Cerenkov radiation produced in a detector made of lucite.
		Cerenkov radiation becomes visible in the UMR Reactor core at a power of about 6 kW.
	campus.umr.edu /reactor/cerenkov.html (434 words)

	Flow Measurement in HPLC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Cerenkov counting involves measurement of light produced by energetic beta-particles moving through a medium of high refractive index faster than the speed of light in that medium; the intensity of light emission is much like H-3 and, in fact, most Cerenkov counting is performed under H-3 counting conditions.
		Even though the additives that enhance discrete sample Cerenkov counting are not conveniently used in a continuous system, once HPLC came along to sharpen peaks, the lower efficiencies of Cerenkov counting became acceptable because the signal-to-noise ratio was so greatly improved.
		Unfortunately, this method is restricted to energetic isotopes; there is a threshold of 263 kev for the Cerenkov effect in water and probably even more energy is required for a beta-particle to be sufficiently penetrating to pass through the eluate, then the coil walls, air, and finally strongly interact with external plastic scintillator.
	www.inus.com /docs/flow_prp.htm (4678 words)

	Hyper-Spatial Mechanics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		We speculate that the source of both the inertial effect and gravity, are the result of this attempt to cause the relative displacement of an object, or a component of that object, which is already moving at light speed.
		In summary, gravity is the resulting "flux" effect of the radial velocity of a sinusoidal TEM wave that would otherwise exceed the universal velocity of free space.
		Thus, the electric, magnetic, gravitic and inertial effects are all inter-related by their actions at opposite extremes of relativistic phenomena, either at rest state or at the universal velocity.
	www.ufoarea.com /physics_cosmology_hyper_spatial_mechanics.html (4707 words)

	PHY320 Cosmic Ray Experiments, the Cerenkov Effect
		In the photoelectric effect the photon is absorbed by an atom and an electron from one of its shells is ejected.
		This effect can be used to determine particle velocities and has also been used to detect cosmic rays passing through the atmosphere - in particular electromagnetic showers starting at high altitudes.
		The Cerenkov light is collected by a large array of mirrors focused onto photomultipliers.
	www.shef.ac.uk /physics/teaching/phy320/topic8.html (2301 words)

	CROP News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The molecules respond by emitting light as their electrons return to their normal arrangement, and this light is known as fluorescence.
		Because the earth, along with the solar system, is moving through the galaxy at 200 kilometers/second, we expect a small anisotropy due to this motion.
		This is called the Compton-Getting effect: we should see slightly more cosmic rays in the direction we?e moving.
	crop.unl.edu /refpage.htm (1883 words)

	BIOMEDICAL RESULTS OF APOLLO - APOLLO LIGHT FLASH INVESTIGATIONS (Sec.4,Ch.2)
		The fact that dark adaptation is necessary reinforces the view that the phenomenon is connected with the retina rather than with a direct stimulation of the optic nerve, since the biochemical changes associated with dark adaptation are localized in the retinal tissue.
		It was suggested by the Apollo 16 Command Module Pilot that the extremely bright albedo light from the lunar surface as viewed from lunar orbit may have been sufficient to produce residual effects such as dark adaptation impairment for the TEC duration.
		Also taken into account, as appropriate, were (1) solar modulation of the primary cosmic ray energy spectrum; (2) effects of the Earth’s magnetic field, including specific dependence of cutoff rigidity upon particle momentum direction; and (3) shadowing of the primary cosmic rays by the Earth.
	lsda.jsc.nasa.gov /books/apollo/S4CH2.htm (3114 words)

	Cherenkov radiation Summary
		Cherenkov concluded that the radiation was produced when high-speed charged particles pass through a material at a speed that is greater than the speed of light in the material.
		For their work on the Cherenkov effect, Cherenkov, Frank, and Tamm received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1958.
		The effect is similar to that of the sonic boom caused by an airplane when it travels through air faster than does the sound wave it produces.
	www.bookrags.com /Cherenkov_radiation (2060 words)

	intas 93-2132 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The showers are detected by the Cerenkov light in UV sensitive photo-multipliers, the light being produced by the Cerenkov effect due to the passage of the shower particles in the fibres.
		The threshold in the Cerenkov effect also makes the system totally insensitive to the huge neutron flux present in these experiments and to the resulting huge radioactivity that will be created in these detectors.
		The participants in the study will investigate how to make the best quartz fibres and study carefully their radiation resistance in the UV light, how to implement these fibres in the absorber, and how to determine the jet positions.
	www.intas.be /catalog/93-2132.htm (634 words)

	K. McDonald's Accelerator Physics Notes
		Observation of Interference between Cerenkov and Synchrotron Radiation, with K.D. Bonin et al.
		The Synchrotron-Cerenkov Effect, for the 1986 Bates Lab Annual Report.
		Cerenkov Radiation in a Dielectric Wave Guide (Sept. 30, 1979).
	puhep1.princeton.edu /~mcdonald/accel (794 words)

	Blue Glow' Reported At Paducah Plant - Nuke Criticality Observed
		Carroll wrote that the glow could be Cerenkov radiation, a phenomenon in which charged radioactive particles from a fission reaction give off a blue glow in water.
		For the glow to be from a fission reaction, there would have to be "extremely large sources" and a vast amount of energy being expended to cause the Cerenkov effect, she said yesterday.
		She said the only places she has seen the blue glow are in a university research reactor under water or in spent fuel rods immersed in water.
	www.rense.com /general5/blue.htm (1577 words)

	Scintillation Properties of Mineral Oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This light arises from the Cerenkov effect or from fluorescence following excitation of aromatic impurities in the oil.
		This test is almost unaffected by Cerenkov light.
		Results on light yield and decay time will be presented for different 'pure' mineral oils as well as oils with additional scintillating material in solution.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR01/HAW01/abs/S540004.html (115 words)

	[No title]
		M Danos, On the long-range correlation model of the photonuclear effect, Nucl.
		M. Danos, L. Biedenharn, and A. Stahlofen, Comprehensive Theory of Nuclear Effects on the Intrinsic Sticking Probability; I, in Muon Catalyzed Fusion, AIP Conference Proceedings 181, AIP New York (1989); p.
		M. Danos, L. Biedenharn, and A. Stahlofen, Comprehensive Theory of Nuclear Effects on the Intrinsic Sticking Probability; II, in Muon Catalyzed Fusion, AIP Conference Proceedings 181, AIP New York (1989); p.
	www.physics.arizona.edu /~rafelski/MDvitae.txt (2987 words)

	[No title]
		The radiation of Cerenkov light occurs when a charged particle moves through a dispersive medium faster than the group velocity of light in that medium.
		The time and position of Cerenkov photon emission are calculated from quantities known at the beginning of a charged particle's step.
		This allows the simulation of boundary effects at the intersection between the medium and the surface layer, as well as at the far side of the thin layer.
	www.triumf.ca /people/gum/new_optical.html (2471 words)

	Engheta, Nader (1982-05-18) On the radiation patterns of interfacial antennas. ...
		For all the three cases, it is found that the radiation pattern at the interface has a null (interface extinction).
		Interpretation of these results in terms of ray optics, Oseen's extinction theorem, and the Cerenkov effect are given.
		Interpretation of these results in terms of the Cerenkov effect is also given.
	etd.caltech.edu /etd/available/etd-09142006-080653 (121 words)

	PhysOrgForum Science, Physics and Technology Discussion Forums -> Compton scattering Vs. Cherenkov effect *
		The Compton Effect occurs in a 3-D enviroment whereby collisions occur
		The Cherenkov effect as you call it is the direct result of (field)
		The effect is nothing more, than a transformation of 2-dimensional
	forum.physorg.com /index.php?showtopic=85 (568 words)

	Cerenkov Radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The blue glow that can be seen in a lot of reactors is called Cerenkov radiation.
		Observed that the light had a continuous spectrum, no band structure like fluorescent light.
		Proved that it was not a fluorescence effect
	www.hrvg.org /project/erminmink/reactor/cerenkov.htm (138 words)

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