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Topic: Cerium(IV) oxide

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	American Elements: Cerium Oxide Supplier & Tech Info
		They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity.
		Cerium oxide is also available in pellets, pieces, powder, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities).
		The numerous commercial applications for cerium include metallurgy, glass and glass polishing, ceramics, catalysts, as the electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells when doped with yttrium, gadolinium or samarium and in phosphors.
	www.americanelements.com /ceox.html (917 words)

	Cerium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The oxide is used in incandescent gas mantles, such as the Welsbach mantle, where it was combined with Thorium, Lanthanum, Magnesium or Yttrium oxides.
		Cerium(IV) oxide has largely replaced Rouge in the glass industry as a polishing abrasive.
		Cerium(IV) sulfate is used extensively as a volumetric oxidizing agent in quantitative analysis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cerium (963 words)

	Oxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oxides are characterized by a redistribution of electrons, in which the oxygen atoms have a net surplus of electrons and the other atoms a net lack.
		Oxides of metals occur as ionic compounds, or salts, which are solid at room temperature.
		The oxides of the chemical elements in their highest oxidation state are predictable and the chemical formula can be derived from the number of valence electrons for that element.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oxide (482 words)

	Cerium(IV) oxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cerium(IV) oxide, ceric oxide, ceria, or sometimes simply cerium oxide or cerium dioxide, is a pale yellow-white powder, CeO
		Ceria has seen interest as a material for solid oxide fuel cells or SOFCs since it is an ionic conductor, i.e.
		Some of the cerium(IV) oxide is also reduced to cerium(III) oxide under these conditions which consequently increases the electronic conductivity of the material.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cerium(IV)_oxide (316 words)

	Encyclopedia: Cerium(IV) oxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The oxide is emerging as a hydrocarbon ((chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected) catalyst in self cleaning ovens, incorporated into oven walls.
		Cerium(IV) oxide has largely replaced (Makeup consisting of a pink or red powder applied to the cheeks) Rouge in the (A brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure) glass industry as a polishing abrasive.
		Cerium(IV) sulfate is used extensively as a volumetric (A substance that oxidizes another substance) oxidizing agent in quantitative analysis.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Cerium%28IV%29-oxide (1784 words)

	Cerium - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The oxide is used in incandescent gas mantles, such as the Welsbach mantle, where it was combined with Thorium,Lanthanum, Magnesium or Yttrium oxides.
		The oxide is emerging as a hydrocarbon catalyst in self cleaning ovens,incorporated into oven walls.
		Cerium oxide has largely replaced Rouge in the glass industry as a polishing abrasive.
	www.free-web-encyclopedia.com /?t=Cerium (868 words)

	Iron(III) oxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Iron(III) oxide — also known as ferric oxide, red iron oxide, synthetic maghemite, colcothar, or simply rust — is one of several oxide compounds of iron, and is most notable for its ferromagnetic properties.
		The mineral form of ferric oxide is hematite; it is mined as the main ore of iron.
		Iron(III) oxide is often used in magnetic storage, for example in the magnetic layer of floppy disks.
	wikipedia.com /wiki/Iron_(III)_oxide (367 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0040089634
		A layer of oxide is then deposited into the trench so that the trench forms an area of insulated dielectric that acts to isolate the devices in a chip and, thus, reduces the cross-talk between active devices.
		Pulverized or crushed metal oxide abrasives are also useful in the CMP slurry of this invention and may be manufactured by milling or grinding using conventional manufacturing techniques such as jet-milling, ball milling, bead milling, and other milling and pulverizing techniques and process known to one skilled in the art.
		The aqueous dispersion of metal oxides may be produced using conventional techniques, such as slowly adding the metal oxide abrasive to an appropriate media, for example, de-ionized water, to form a colloidal dispersion.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040089634".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040089634&RS=DN/20040089634 (5283 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Cerium(IV) oxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Cerium(IV) oxide, also or ceric oxide or sometimes simply cerium oxide, is a pale yellow-white powder, CeO
		It is used in ceramics (The art of making and decorating pottery), to polish (The property of being smooth and shiny) glass, and to sensitize photosensitive glass.
		It is also used in lapidary (A skilled worker who cuts and engraves precious stones) as "jeweller's rouge (Makeup consisting of a pink or red powder applied to the cheeks) " and in the walls of self-cleaning ovens.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ce/cerium(iv)_oxide2.htm (91 words)

	Process for producing cerium oxide particulates - Patent 4663137
		Chem., 20, 7, 222-225 (1970) which features the structure of ceric oxide, and reports the characteristics of the ceric oxide prepared by the calcining of ceric hydroxide obtained by treatment of a solution of cerous nitrate with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
		Accordingly, a major object of the present invention is the provision of a novel ceric oxide having a specific surface greater than that hitherto known to this art, i.e., a specific surface of at least 85.+-.5 m.sup.2 /g for a temperature of measurement ranging from 350.degree.
		The ceric oxide of the invention has an unexpectedly great surface, such that it is eminently well suited for use in the field of catalysis, either as catalyst, per se, or catalyst support.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4663137.html (3155 words)

	Info and facts on 'Rouge' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Rouge, or Red rouge, is a form of ferric oxide (A red oxide of iron) used as polish (The property of being smooth and shiny) and, historically, makeup (Cosmetics applied to the face to improve or change your appearance).
		It cuts slower than some modern polishes, such as cerium(IV) oxide (additional info and facts about cerium(IV) oxide), but is still used in optics fabrication and by jewelers for the superior finish it can produce.
		It is sold as a powder, paste, or solid bar (with a wax (Any of various substances of either mineral origin or plant or animal origin; they are solid at normal temperatures and insoluble in water) or grease (A thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery)) binder).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ro/rouge.htm (296 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0040175949
		The lanthanide-containing metal oxide material can be a lanthanide oxide, a doped lanthanide oxide, a lanthanide-doped metal oxide, a lanthanide perovskite, or any other suitable lanthanide-containing mixed metal oxide material, in particular those used as solid electrode and solid electrolyte materials in gas sensor and fuel cell devices.
		The method of claim 15, wherein the doped metal oxide abrasive is a doped lanthanide metal oxide abrasive, a lanthanide metal-doped metal oxide abrasive, or a combination thereof.
		Ionic conductivity in oxide materials occurs when there is a defect such as an electronic vacancy in the crystal lattice of the material.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20040175949&OS=20040175949&RS=20040175949 (3907 words)

	Thorium dioxide - tScholars.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As an alloy, thoriated tungsten metal is not easily deformed because the high fusion material thoria augments the high temperature mechanical properties, and thorium helps stimulate the emmission of electrons (thermions).
		It is the most popular oxide additive because of its low cost, but is being phased out in favor of non-radioactive elements such as cerium, lanthanum and zirconium.
		The melting point of thorium oxide is 3300°C - the highest of all oxides.
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/Thorium_dioxide (405 words)

	Cerium
		The oxide is used in incandescent gas mantles, such as the Welsbach mantle, where it was combined with Thorium, Lanthanum, Magnesium or Yttrium oxides.
		The oxide is emerging as a hydrocarbon catalyst in self-cleaning ovens, incorporated into oven walls.
		For this purpose, it is blended with iron oxide and magnesium oxide to form a harder material known as ferrocerium.
	www.3rd1000.com /elements/Cerium.htm (1420 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Unfortunately, neither of these oxides has a high enough extinction coefficients in the 300-400 nm range for a 100 nm thick layer to provide adequate UV blocking for conservation framing purposes.
		Precursor compounds used for the transition metal oxides within the invention are preferably, but not limited to compounds such as nitrates, chlorides or alkoxides, although chlorides have been demonstrated by applicants to be the preferred precursors in most cases.
		wherein the oxide of the at least one transition metal is selected from the group consisting of oxides of titanium, tantalum, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/58681.010816&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (6089 words)

	Preparation and use of tin (IV) oxide dispersion - Patent 4946820
		A tin(IV) oxide dispersion is prepared by peptising metastannic acid with amine peptising agent such as n-butylamine or cyclohexylamine.
		Further coatings may be applied to produce a catalyst comprising a mixture of tin(IV) oxide and chromium(VI) oxide on the substrate which may be effective as an oxidation catalyst and useful in the treatment of vehicle exhaust emissions.
		The ceramic oxide preferably has a structure comprising loose aggregates of primary-particles, in which aggregates there are point to point contacts between the primary-particles and spaces within the structure.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4946820.html (2895 words)

	Interesting Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The oxide is very commonly used in glass applications as both a component and a decolorizing agent while it is also finding vast use as a polishing medium as well.
		Scandium oxide is used for high-intensity lights and Scandium iodide is added to Mercury vapor lamps to produce highly efficient light sources that resemble natural sunlight.
		The oxide is used in many applications as a pigment because of its indelible white color.
	www.pidc.com /prod_facts.html (5084 words)

	Color photographic recording material - US Patent 6015655 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The oxide compounds according to the invention are preferably employed in a layer which is disposed nearer the source of light than is the layer which contains dye to be protected.
		The oxide compounds according to the invention impart a durable protection from UV light to the dyes of the photographic image which is obtained after colour development, since, as distinct from organic UV absorbers, they are not decomposed by UV light.
		The oxide compounds according to the invention can also be used in photographic materials together with prior art UV absorbers and together with particles of elemental silicon and/or solid compounds in which silicon is present in stoichiometric excess, with an average diameter <120 nm.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6015655.html (2629 words)

	Desulfurization and novel compositions for same - Patent 6914033
		A composition comprising a promoter and a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of a cerium oxide, a scandium oxide, a lanthanum oxide, and combinations of any two or more thereof, wherein at least a portion of the promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter and methods of preparing such composition are disclosed.
		During the preparation of a composition of the present invention, the promoter selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides, and the like and combinations thereof may initially be in the form of a metal-containing compound and/or a metal oxide precursor.
		It should be understood that when the promoter is initially a metal-containing compound and/or a metal oxide precursor, a portion of, or all of, such compound and/or precursor may be converted to the corresponding metal or metal oxide of such compound and/or precursor during the inventive process disclosed herein.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6914033.html (8870 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Dincer, Esin
		Niobium-doped cerium (IV) oxide was studied as an alternative cathode material for molten carbonate fuel cells.
		The corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of niobium-doped cerium oxide was strongly affected by material preparation procedures.
		Silicate grain boundary phases, attributed to contamination from grinding during powder preparation, served as a sink for the dopant and were readily attacked by the molten carbonate.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?case1055360760 (269 words)

	Cerium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As a decolouriser and a refining agent, cerium oxide brings many benefits to the glass...
		Both cerium concentrate and oxide as the most effective...
		Two common oxidising agentss used in titrations are ammonium cerium(IV) sulphate (ceric ammonium sulphate, (NH Ce(SO) and ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (ceric ammonium nitrate or CAN, (NH Ce(NO Cerium also forms a chloride, CeCl
	hallencyclopedia.com /Cerium (1174 words)

	2nd Annual MRSEC-UH Poster Symposium
		It was found that perovskite oxide maintains its cubic structure at all temperatures in air.
		In order to achieve commercial utilization, oxygen separation membranes and solid oxide fuel cells must be able to keep their mechanical integrity over acceptable life-time periods.
		Cerium(IV) alkoxide complexes have been synthesized for use as metal-organic chemical vapor deposition precursors to cerium oxide films.
	www.uh.edu /research/mrsec/symposium_2.html (3119 words)

	Polishes Cerium Oxide Aluminum Oxide Alumina Tin Oxide Diamond Powder Crystalite Diamond Spray Italdo Diamond Spray ...
		Cerium Oxide is a must for polishing quartz, but it also works well for opal, beryl, tourmaline and many soft stones.
		Aluminum Oxide "A" is used for polishing tourmaline, beryl, garnet, topaz, peridot, danburite, etc. Sometimes topaz, peridot and danburite don't polish well with Aluminum Oxide and polishing with diamond is required.
		Tin Oxide is widely used for polishing cabochons, but rarely used for faceting.
	www.facetingmachines.com /polishes.shtml (971 words)

	Effect of Crystallinity on the Photoreduction of Cerium Oxide: A Study of CeO2 and Ce/Al2O3 Catalysts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Cerium oxide samples were prepared by calcining cerium(IV) methoxyethoxide in air at different temperatures.
		The catalyst prepared using the alkoxide precursor (designated CeA) also contained poorly dispersed cerium oxide; however, XRD data suggested that very little of the cerium oxide phase was crystalline.
		The XPS Ce 3d spectrum obtained for the CeN catalyst was typical of Ce(IV) oxide while the spectrum collected for the CeA catalyst was similar to a Ce(III) compound.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/langd5/1996/12/i07/abs/la950002a.html (270 words)

	Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Cerium as the oxide (ceria) was discovered (1803) by Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger working together, and independently by Martin Klaproth.
		Ceria, the second rare earth to be discovered (yttria was first), turned out to be a mixture of oxides from which seven elements were separated during the course of the next century.
		Most cerium(IV) salts are orange to yellow in colour, as are solutions containing the Ce ion.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/print_toc?tocId=9022144 (463 words)

	Chelates of cerium (IV), their preparation and gasoline containing said chelates - Patent 4036605
		One of the objections to the use of gasolines containing tetraethyllead as fuels for automotive engines arises from the presence of lead compounds, i.e., oxides, sulfates, phosphates, bromides and chlorides of lead in the exhaust gas from the engine.
		Cerium oxide is one of the catalysts which has been used in such catalytic converters.
		The oxides of cerium, unlike the oxides of lead, do not poison a cerium oxide catalyst in a catalytic converter containing this catalyst, but, instead, prolong the life of such a catalyst.
	freepatentsonline.com /4036605.html (2771 words)

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