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Topic: Cernavoda

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	Cernavodă - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cernavoda has not escaped the legacy of orphanages found throughout Romania.
		Aided in part by the financial and emotional support of local expatriate organisations, including the local Canadian school (Cernavoda International School) and the Canadian Campus Charity Committee, these institutions are providing excellent care and should be commended for their dedication and hard work provided.
		Like many Romanian areas, Cernavoda has a large gypsy population which relies on sometimes criminal means for survival.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cernavoda (326 words)

	Cernavoda Unit 2 Nuclear Reactor - CEE Bankwatch Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Construction of the Cernavoda nuclear power plant in Romania originally began in the early 1980s under dictator Nicolae Ceaucescu’s rule.
		Cernavoda 2 NPP in Romania: A Test Case for the Coherence of EU Policies in Accession Countries - by Campagna per la riforma della Banca mondiale (May 2003)
		Cernavoda nuclear unit 2 in Romania and breach of Espoo Convention - issue paper prepared for Environment for Europe Conference in Kiev (May 2003)
	www.bankwatch.org /issues/nuclear/cernavoda/main.html (413 words)

	Environmental Protection > Nuclear Energy > Cernavoda 2 NPP Project in Romania
		The project of completion of the second 700 MW CANDU reactor of the Cernavoda nuclear power plant in Romania is doubtless a crucial test case for Euratom and European bilateral financiers, such as Export Credit Agencies (ECAs), as regards the definition of their nuclear policies for the coming years.
		Cernavoda 2 project is not a greenfield project, since works on it has begun under Ceausescu regime, but, as in the case of the first reactor of the plant, functioning since 1996, the second unit can be completed only through the support of foreign financing.
		It should be noted that the Cernavoda NPP is located less than 50 km from the Romanian border with Bulgaria and that this country has been insistently requested by the European Union to close four nuclear reactors at the Kozloduy NPP on safety grounds.
	www.protectia-mediului.ro /en/nuclear/cernavoda2npp (3053 words)

	EC funding for Cernavoda NPP
		Although the loan is supposed to be for safety improvements, the Commission has so far failed to demonstrate this - Cernavoda 2 is a Canadian-designed plant, so there is no rationale for upgrading it to meet so-called 'western standards'.
		The Commission has also failed to demonstrate that this expansion of Cernavoda is the best economic or environmental option for Romania.
		Cernavoda 2 is an important test case as the Commission is planning to expand its Euratom nuclear loans by a further 2 billion euros.
	www.bankwatch.org /active/archive/2004/cernavoda.html (330 words)

	Romania Info No. 16 (43) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cernavoda uses the Candu technology of the Atomic Energy of Ganada Ltd. which uses nonenriched uranium in a bath of “heavy waters” as cooler meaning it operates at lower temperatures and with less radioactivity than other types of reactor.
		Cernavoda appears to be one of the few grandiose industrial projects launched by late communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu for which Romania may one day be grateful.
		Premier Vacaroiu stressed that the official inauguration of the first nuclear power reactor of Cernavoda was one of the key objectives of the mutual cooperation between Romania and Canada, and that this event would provide a dynamic framework for the development of the state ruled by law and of a free market national economy.
	www.kappa.ro /guv96/roin-16.html (8444 words)

	WNA \| Annual Symposium 2003 \| Nuclear Power in the Restructuring and Modernization of the Romanian Economy
		The radiological effect of Cernavoda NPP on environment and population is insignificant.
		Cernavoda NPP Unit1 is an important, reliable source of relatively low price energy for the country’s economy.
		The cost of the energy produced at Cernavoda NPP makes it competitive, particularly if compared with the cost of the energy from fossil fuel power plants, most of which in Romania are aged and inefficient.
	www.world-nuclear.org /sym/2003/rotaru.htm (3292 words)

	"The Cernavoda III-Boleráz Phenomenon": after 30 years
		The earliest (Cernavoda I) belonged to the Late Neolithic, the "Middle Stage" (Cernavoda II) was considered contemporaneous to Horodiºtea-Folteºti II, while the "third phase" (Cernavoda III) was thought to last until the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age (Berciu 1960, 77).
		For P. Roman the Cernavoda III-Boleráz phenomenon is a cultural unity which may reflect an ethno-cultural mixture or uniformization (Roman 1996, 13); representing a stage in the process of indoeuropeanization and the formation of the thracian peoples (Roman 1989, 54).
		The diversity of the Boleráz style ceramic repertoire in comparison to the Cernavoda III one, far from reflecting a migration from the basin of the Lower to the Middle Danube, rather suggests a relationship of center-periphery.
	www.archaeology.ro /so_cernav_eng.htm (5165 words)

	CERNAVODA \| The Days of Cernavoda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		During the last years the number of building increased in the city, artistic groups have multiplied within the Cultural Center, the scholar and sport achievements are more frequent, the city is cleaner and more flowers have been planted, while the development of the Nuclear Power Plant became a fact.
		This was marked by the festivities related to the inauguration and blessing of the bridge Saint Mary and the presence of the folkloric group from Kozlodui (Bulgaria).
		In 2004 the inhabitants of Cernavoda were pleased to attend the concert of the Choir Karditsa (from Greece) and the shows organized by children which participated to the first edition of the Contest festival of music “Axiopolis”.
	www.primaria-cernavoda.ro /en/days.html (255 words)

	UPI Energy Watch - (United Press International) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cernavoda authorities hope to reconnect Unit 1 into the country's electrical energy grid later in the evening of Jan. 19.
		Cernavoda is a Canadian-designed pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) that uses heavy water (deuterium oxide) as moderator and coolant with uranium for fuel.
		Cernavoda Unit 2 is currently under construction with SNN's traditional partners, Canada's AECL and Italty's Ansaldo and is about 40 percent complete.
	www.washtimes.com /upi-breaking/20050119-023159-1021r.htm (842 words)

	energyprobe.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cernavoda II would be the second reactor of the only nuclear power plant in Romania.
		Cernavoda is the only project in the pipeline that EURATOM is currently preparing.
		The first reactor at Cernavoda was put on the grid in 1996 and the second unit is between 20 — 30% complete.
	www.energyprobe.org /energyprobe/print.cfm?ContentID=3073 (478 words)

	BlueLink Information Network
		As Cernavoda 2 is a Canadian reactor, it should not qualify for a loan.
		Cernavoda 2 is a half-built 700MW Canadian-designed reactor situated on the River Danube close to the Black Sea.
		The primary legal basis for the Cernavoda loan is the 1957 Euratom treaty, which empowers the Euratom Community (part of the EU) to both promote and regulate the nuclear industry.
	www.bluelink.net /en/index.shtml?x=3458 (374 words)

	Nuclearelectrica - Leters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Cernavoda NPP's operation has strictly complied with the nuclear safety requirements as well as with the requirements related to radioprotection of the public, environment and personnel.
		At the end of the year 2004, the Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 Project reached more than 77% overall completion, and from October 2004 it started the first turnovers from construction to commissioning.
		We consider that all conditions are met to have this unit operational in 2007, contributing to the diversification of the energy sources of Romania, reducing vulnerability to conventional fuels price fluctuations and providing a strong security feeling with respect to energy supply at the national as well as at the European level.
	www.nuclearelectrica.ro /Letters.asp?Id_TipScris=1 (715 words)

	Nuclear Engineering International: Life at Cernavoda 1: the first commercial Candu units have already reached their ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cernavoda 1 was the fifth of the original Candu 6 reactors, and a plant life management programme was started in 1999.(Plant Life Management)@ HighBeam Research
		Cernavoda 1 was the fifth of the original Candu 6 reactors, and a plant life management programme was started in 1999.(Plant Life Management)
		Cernavoda 1 is almost identical with Wolsong 1 with regard to technology and construction.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:111067678&refid=holomed_1 (284 words)

	Canatom NPM Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Cernavoda nuclear power plant is a CANDU 6 reactor (with natural uranium fuel and heavy water moderator).
		Cernavoda Unit 1 has delivered about 34,400,000 MWhrs to the national power grid, with an average capacity factor of 86.17 percent.
		Cernavoda was designed and built by Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd (AECL).
	www.canatomnpm.ca /CanatomNPM?id=601&template=news_details.html (233 words)

	CERNAVODA \| About (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The City of Cernavoda is situated in the Constanta County, on the right shore of Danube.
		The administrative territory of the city is part of the Dobrogea Plateau placed at the confluence area of Danube River with the valley of Carasu, Tibrin and Silistea.
		- Cernavoda is one of the terminals of the biggest south-east Europe bridges complex.
	www.primaria-cernavoda.ro /en/thecity.html (407 words)

	AECL Provides Status Report on Cernavoda Unit 2 Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The commissioning milestone was celebrated with the energising of the main service transformer and associated switchgear.
		The Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 project is the second in a series of five CANDU 6 Power Plants that began construction in the early 1980's.
		Cernavoda Unit I nuclear power plant has been successfully operating since 1996.
	www.forrelease.com /D20041010/1125373.html (277 words)

	Google Earth Hacks - File Downloads - Nuclear Facilities / Test Ranges - Cernavoda Nuclear Powerplant
		Cernavoda Unit 1 supplies more than 10% of Romania' s electricity demand.
		In addition Unit 1 supplies 60-80 Gcal annually for the heating of the town of Cernavoda.
		Cernavoda Unit 2 is currently under construction and about 40% complete.
	www.googleearthhacks.com /dlfile11037/Cernavoda-Nuclear-Powerplant.htm (186 words)

	Nuclearelectrica - About Us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The training methodology implemented at the Cernavoda NPP complies with the principles of the "Systematic Approach to Training" (SAT).
		SAT implementation at the Cernavoda NPP provides a broad integrated approach emphasising not only the technical knowledge and skills but also human factors knowledge, skills and attitudes.
		The training centre is located just at the limit of the Cernavoda NPP exclusion zone.
	www.nuclearelectrica.ro /About.asp?ID_CategAbout=15 (266 words)

	Romania Shuts Down Nuclear Plant Due To Drought
		EDT), were determined by the fact that the level of the Danube fell by another two inches on Friday night.
		Over the past three days, the Danube, which has fallen to its lowest level in a century, dropped by more than 16 inches in Cernavoda and meteorologists predict it will continue to fall by between 2 and 3.2 inches in the coming days.
		Republication or redistribution of Reuters content is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Reuters.
	www.rense.com /general40/romania.htm (263 words)

	A brief history of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In orphanages around the country countless numbers of children - malnourished, abandoned and infected with the HIV virus - were dying slowly in dirty cots without medical care, pain relief and most importantly, without anyone to hold them and love them and take away their fear.
		In all these visits we were able to take food, clothes and money to the families, and we did likewise for the family in Cernavoda where, through Brenda's instigation last year, a stove was installed through money given by the church in Bridport.
		We have just returned from another visit to Cernavoda and want to share with you news of the changes which have taken place since we were there a year ago.
	www.wdi.co.uk /church/rom.htm (1444 words)

	energyprobe.org
		However, forced labour was used on the Cernavoda nuclear station, and faulty construction and manufacturing were widespread.
		The first CANDU reactor at Cernavoda went into operation in December 1996 -- about 20 years after the first agreement between Canada and Romania was signed.
		It has been reported in the media that Canadian loans to Romania for Cernavoda have totalled $1.35 billion [1], however the actual amount of financial support may have been much higher.
	www.energyprobe.org /EnergyProbe/print.cfm?ContentID=3071 (1968 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The southern town of Cernavoda, with a population of around 20,000, has had no fresh water since the middle of August.
		However, life is even tougher for those living in several smaller villages in the region, which have been without drinking water for nearly a month.
		The Romanian media reports that the closure of the Cernavoda plant would cost the country around half a million US dollars a day.
	www.iwpr.net /archive/bcr3/bcr3_200309_457_3_eng.txt (780 words)

	Danube bridges
		Between 1890-1895, after almost 18 centuries since the bridge of Apolodor in Damasc has been built, the Danube's shores were again joined together through the construction of Cernavoda and Borcea bridges.
		In the accomplished projects whose estimation was checked up seven times, the crossing of Danube at Cernavoda was provided through a bridge with a central opening of 190 m and other four openings of 140 m, beside to a viaduct with 15 openings of 60 m.
		That time, the bridge over the Danube in Cernavoda was named after the name of Majesty Carol I. It was the longest bridge in Europe and had the largest opening (190m) in Continental Europe.
	www.cfr.ro /CFR_new/Eng/poduri.htm (736 words)

	Failure Halts Romanian Nuke Station, Bulgaria Approached
		The operations of Unit 1 at Romania's Cernavoda nuclear power station were suspended Thursday due to a minor technical failure.
		Cernavoda Unit 1 will be switched onto the energy grid Thursday evening, Romanian Mediafax agency reported.
		Cernavoda is the only nuclear power station in Romania and the only CANDU reactor operating in Europe.
	www.novinite.com /view_news.php?id=43727 (634 words)

	RELIABILITY AND TESTING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Since 1985 there were tested and certified all type A packages used for temporary storage and transportation of radioactive wastes (solid and liquid) to the storagesite Baita.
		Also, within LIF have been evaluated and determined the predictive reliability parameters for some equipment intended to be used in NPP Cernavoda, part of them already mentioned before.
		An important activity, which has been developed within the Reliability and Testing Laboratory, is the Assessment of the Risk and Safety impacts and the radiological consequences due to the radioactive wastes transportation in Romania, by road, by rail and by sea and refer both to LLIRW and HLRW (spent fuel).
	www.scn.ro /testing.htm (276 words)

	FoEE: Safe Energy for Europe: Cernavoda II
		The granting of this loan of 350 million euro to the Romanian government would be in clear violation of the Council guidelines for granting EURATOM loans to certain non-EU countries since they are not supposed to be used for the building of new reactors.
		We have received information that the EU Commission intends to present a safety report on the Cernavoda II project to the PHARE safety expert group in February 2002.
		All the representatives of EU member states will be asked for their approval of the project.
	www.foeeurope.org /activities/Nuclear/letter.htm (404 words)

	NNI - No Nukes Inforesource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Because of political reasons work stopped in 1982 and was resumed in 1995.
		In 1996 the first Unit of Cernavoda NPP was commissioned.
		The activities for Cernavoda NPP, Units 3, 4 and were stopped due to the lack of financial resources.
	www.ecology.at /nni/country.php?country=Romania (63 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		According to the information supplied by National Nuclearelectrica Company, Reactor 1 at CNE Cernavoda could not be restarted as planned, on November 3, because of the lack of financial resources necessary to complete the renovations.
		Moreover, it was not possible to extend the insurance policy, which was an essential condition for maintaining the operation's authorisation and a measure of economic protection for the large investments involved in Unit 1.
		Reactor 1 at CNE Cernavoda was stopped for the planned overhaul on October 3.
	www.romanian-daily.ro /ARHTR4/RED255.html (7049 words)

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