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Topic: Cervical plexus

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	IX. Neurology. 6b. The Anterior Divisions. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The plexus is situated oppostie the upper four cervical vertebræ, in front of the Levator scapulæ and Scalenus medius, and covered by the Sternocleidomastoideus.
		818) arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, and its fibers are derived from the fifth and sixth cervical nerves.
		816) arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus.
	www.bartleby.com /107/210.html (5780 words)

	CHAPTER 50: THE NECK
		In the posterior triangle, the brachial plexus is found in the angle between the posterior border of the sternomastoid and the clavicle, where it can be "blocked" by injection of a local anesthetic, thereby rendering insensitive all the deep structures of the upper limb and the skin distal to the middle of the arm.
		The cervical plexus (see table 50-5) is situated deeply in the upper part of the neck, under cover of the internal jugular vein and the sternomastoid.
		The ansa cervicalis is a loop on or in the carotid sheath.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_8/chapter_50.html (9365 words)

	Stinger/Burner Syndrome
		This syndrome is usually due to a stretching of the brachial plexus or nerve roots due to an elongation of the interval between the head and shoulder.
		In the cervical nerve root "pinch," the symptoms are often sensory in a dermatomal distribution without motor signs, because the dorsal root ganglion within the foramen lies under the subluxating facet.
		Active cervical range of motion evaluation off the field, or immediately after an injury, should be allowed only to the point of pain, while passive cervical range of motion should be excluded early on due to the possibility of fracture.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/16/06/22.html (941 words)

	The headache and pain center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Cervical facet syndrome is a constellation of symptoms consisting of neck, head, shoulder and proximal upper extremity pain that radiates in a nondermatomal pattern.
		The pain of cervical facet syndrome is exacerbated by flexion, extension, and lateral bending of the cervical spine.
		Cervical radiculopathy is a constellation of symptoms consisting of neurogenic neck and upper extremity pain emanating from the cervical nerve roots.
	hapc.info /ShowContent.asp?File=conditionsC (500 words)

	Chapter 8: THE SHOULDER AND AXILLA
		The brachial plexus descends in the posterior triangle of the neck.
		In surface anatomy, the brachial plexus in the neck lies inferior to a line from the posterior margin of the sternomastoid at the level of the cricoid cartilage to the midpoint of the clavicle.
		The plexus is enclosed with the axillary vessels in the axillary sheath, which is a prolongation of the cervical fascia posterioinferior to the clavicle and into the axilla.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_2/chapter_8.html (5103 words)

	Plexopathies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		When the upper plexus is damaged by tumor, pain usually begins in the shoulder and is associated with shooting or electrical sensations in the thumb and index finger.
		CT and MRI of the brachial plexus and epidural spaces are the diagnostic procedures of choice, and are essential to define the extent of disease and to determine the appropriate radiation ports.
		The lumbosacral plexus, embedded in the psoas muscle, may be invaded by tumors of the abdomen and pelvis.
	www.hivpositive.com /f-PainHIV/Pain/LS2.3.4.html (528 words)

	Cervical Plexus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Parasthesia of corresponding dermatomes occurs after injury to the cervical plexus.
		The cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus travel below the "nerve point" (Erb's point) in the middle third at the posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid.
		The cutaneous branches pass to the skin in diverging directions through the superficial layer of fascia.
	cis-ps2.osu-com.okstate.edu /hector/back/GreatAuricularNervetr.htm (162 words)

	Early American Manual Therapy
		The reflex influences existing between the first cervical nerves and the pneumogastric are chiefly confined to the larynx and the pharynx, because spinal nerves usually receive sympathetic reflexes from the segment of the body which they cover.
		This nerve arises from the spinal cord as low as the sixth cervical, therefore its impulses are coordinated with the cervical plexus in the area of its normal control.
		- The cervical plexus communicates with the brachial plexus; therefore we expect that those large muscles, such as the trapezium and splenius, which are innervated by nerves from segments of the spinal cord, at various levels, will transmit by their action the influence reflexed to them at the point of their serial innervation.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /eamt/files/tasker/task11.htm (6860 words)

	Brachial plexus Summary
		The brachial plexus is a neural plexus (a grouping and branching of nerves) located deep in the neck, shoulder, and maxilla region that is responsible for the proper innervation and control of the muscles of the shoulder, upper chest, and arms (upper limbs).
		The brachial plexus starts from the five ventral rami of the spinal nerves, after they have given off their segmental supply to the muscles of the neck.
		The brachial plexus is susceptible to injuries that produce abduction of the thoracic limb from the body wall or a direct blow to the lateral surface of the scapula.
	www.bookrags.com /Brachial_plexus (1988 words)

	New York School Of Regional Anesthesia - Deep Cervical Plexus Block
		A deep cervical plexus block is essentially a paravertebral block of the C2, C3, and C4 spinal nerves as they emerge from the foramina of the respective vertebrae.
		The cervical plexus is formed by the anterior divisions of the four upper cervical nerves.
		The plexus is situated on the anterior surface of the four upper cervical vertebrae, resting on the levator anguli scapulae and scalenus medius muscle, and is covered by the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
	www.nysora.com /techniques/deep_cervical_plexus_block (2075 words)

	Acute Brachial Plexus Neuritis: An Uncommon Cause of Shoulder Pain - November 1, 2000 - American Family Physician
		Patients with acute brachial plexus neuritis present with a characteristic pattern of acute or subacute onset of pain followed by profound weakness of the upper arm and amyotrophic changes affecting the shoulder girdle and upper extremity.
		It localizes the lesion to the brachial plexus (usually involving the upper aspect of the plexus), and physicians often use results of this test along with a patient history and physical examination to establish the diagnosis.
		Treatment of patients with acute brachial plexus neuritis includes analgesics, often narcotics (e.g., hydrocodone), which may be required for several weeks, physical therapy for three to eight weeks to help maintain strength and mobility, and encouragement that the condition will slowly improve in the vast majority of patients.
	www.aafp.org /afp/20001101/2067.html (2432 words)

	New York School Of Regional Anesthesia - Superficial Cervical Plexus Block
		This is the location of the branches of the superficial cervical plexus as they emerge behind the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
		Although a low concentration may suffice when the needle is ideally placed in the vicinity of the cervical plexus nerves, this is often not the case and the higher concentration results in both a higher success rate and a longer duration of blockade.
		Similarly to the deep cervical plexus blockade, the sensory coverage of the neck is complex and a degree of cross-coverage from the cervical plexus branches from the opposite side of the neck should be expected.
	www.nysora.com /techniques/superficial_cervical_plexus_block (1356 words)

	The Cervical Plexus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The nerves formed by the cervical plexus supply the back of the head, the neck and the shoulders.
		The plexus also supplies the muscles of the neck including the scalenes, the strap muscles, and the diaphragm.
		The lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical and supraclavicular are cutaneous nerves formed by the cervical plexus.
	www.med.mun.ca /anatomyts/nerve/cerplex.htm (354 words)

	Interscalene Posterior Brachial Plexus Block
		The brachial plexus starts from the joining point of the anterior branches of the cervical inferior nerves c5-c6-c7-c8 and gives a considerable number of T1 components; the 4° cervical nerve and the 2° thoracic, send a ramuscle to the plexus.
		From the intervertebral foramen at the arm onward, the plexus is contained in a closed space defined by the prevertebral space which at a higher point splits to wrap the anterior and medial muscles up in two layers to become inferiorly an axillary sheath at the hight of the homonymus cable.
		With the posterior brachial plexus block we obtained good results with surgical treatment and/or treatments of orthopedical reduction of the shoulder and of the 3° superior of the arm, especially with patients who demonstrate concomitant systemic pathology for which general anaesthesia could creat potential problems (B.O.C.: emphysema; diabetes; hepatical pathologies; insufficient functioning of the kidneys).
	www.csen.com /anesthesia/pintore2.htm (991 words)

	Plexus Disorders: Peripheral Nerve Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		In a plexus, nerve fibers from different spinal nerves are sorted and recombined so that all fibers going to a specific body part are put together in one nerve.
		The major plexuses are the brachial plexus, which is located in the neck and distributes nerves throughout the arms, and the lumbosacral plexus, which is located in the lower back and distributes nerves to the pelvis and legs.
		Acute brachial neuritis (a sudden malfunction of the brachial plexus) is probably caused by an autoimmune reaction.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec06/ch095/ch095d.html (725 words)

	eMedicine - Brachial Plexus Injury : Article by Thomas H Trojian
		The greater incidence of brachial plexus injuries has been suggested to be the result of direct trauma from participation in contact sports.
		The result of trauma to the brachial plexus can lead to the cervical "stinger" or "burner" syndrome, which is classically characterized by unilateral weakness and a burning sensation that radiates down an upper extremity.
		True measure of international occurrence of brachial plexus injuries is undetermined due to significant underreporting in athletes and lack of studies in rugby and hockey involving brachial plexus injuries.
	www.emedicine.com /sports/topic13.htm (2566 words)

	Somatic And Sympathetic Nerve Blockade
		The lower cervical and upper thoracic nerves unite to form the brachial plexus and innervate the upper limb.
		The lumbar and upper sacral plexus innervates the genitalia.
		Composed of the lumbar sympathetic chains, branches of the aortic plexus and parasympathetic fibers of the S2-S4 roots, the superior hypogastric plexus innervates the ureteric, testicular or ovarian plexuses, the sigmoid colon and a plexus that surrounds the common and internal iliac arteries.
	www.dcmsonline.org /jax-medicine/1998journals/october98/somatic.htm (2794 words)

	Root of the Neck; Cervical Viscera
		brachial plexus, C5-C7 ascending cervical a., a branch of the thyrocervical trunk
		ascending cervical a., inferior laryngeal a., esophageal brs., tracheal brs., glandular brs.
		superior and inferior subdivisions of deep cervical nodes are delineated by the crossing of the omohyoid m.
	anatomy.uams.edu /AnatomyHTML/parotidandneck.html (2360 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy: Plate 26: Figure 5
		The anterior surface of the spinal cord (in the spinal canal) with the origin and plexus of spinal nerves and the chain of sympathetic ganglia.
		cervical plexus (formed by the anterior division of the upper cervical nerves).
		Brachial plexus (formed by the anterior division of the lower four cervical and first thoracic nerves).
	www.anatomyatlases.org /atlasofanatomy/plate26/05antspinal.shtml (344 words)

	Cervical plexus anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy: comparison of ropivacaine and mepivacaine -- Leoni et al. 47 ...
		Cervical plexus anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy: comparison of ropivacaine and mepivacaine -- Leoni et al.
		Cervical plexus anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy: comparison of ropivacaine and mepivacaine
		TABLE II Time required for onset of deep cervical plexus anesthesia, and total intraoperative consumption of supplemental lidocaine and fentanyl, nitrate, and fenilephrine after cervical plexus anesthesia performed with either 0.75%, 1% ropivacaine, or 2% mepivacaine.
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/47/2/185 (1253 words)

	Lab Manual - Posterior Triangle of the Neck
		Identify the boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle and its subdivisions.
		Locate the cervical sympathetic trunk and describe its relationship with the fascia, nerves, and vessels of the neck.
		Dissect the root of the neck to expose the subclavian arteries and their branches, the cervical sympathetic trunk and its ganglia and the recurrent laryngeal nerve on the right.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/head/postneck.html (1226 words)

	Cervical plexus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cervical plexus is a plexus of the ventral rami of the first four cervical spinal nerves which are located from C1 to C4 cervical segment in the neck.
		Nerves formed from the cervical plexus innervate the back of the head, as well as some neck muscles.
		SUNY Figs 25:03-02 - "Diagram of the cervical plexus"
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cervical_plexus (223 words)

	Anaesthesia UK : Cervical plexuses
		The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior primary rami of the first four cervical nerves (C1–4), lies deep to the internal jugular vein and the sternocleidomastoid muscle and on the surface of scalenus medius and levator scapulae.
		Transverse cervical nerve (C2, 3) crosses sternocleidomastoid horizontally, deep to platysma, to supply the skin of the anterior triangle.
		The plexus gives a communicating branch (C1) to the hypoglossal nerve, which shortly after joining the nerve, leaves it to supply geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles.
	www.frca.co.uk /article.aspx?articleid=100362 (534 words)

	Head and Neck Tutorial
		Trunks and cords of the brachial plexus are in the posterior triangle of the neck.
		The cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus emerge at the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid.
		The cervical plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C1-C4.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/grossanatomy/h_n/hn_tutorial.html (889 words)

	Rhytmic activity associated with respiration in both trapezius muscles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Some of cervical plexus components passing to the trapezius are probably afferent (2,6,7,10,16,17).
		In normal subjects, the role of the trapezius muscle in respiration seemed to be minimal in spite of the cervical plexus contribution and rhythmic respiration in resting condition is entirely diaphragmatic(15).
		The region primarily affected by this congenital abnormality or normal variations could not be the cervical or brachial plexus or the cervical spinal cord as by means of electrophysiological and imaging techniques, they have been demonstrated to be intact.
	www.med.ege.edu.tr /~norolbil/2004/NBD26504.htm (2207 words)

	Plexus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The nerves of the radially symmetric echinoderms also take this form, where a plexus underlies the ectoderm of these animals and deeper in the body other nerve cells form plexuses of limited extent.
		Almost a hundred such plexuses have been named in the human body, but the four primary nerve plexuses are the cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, and the sacral plexus.
		A plexus is also a network of blood vessels, with the choroid plexuses of the brain being the most commonly mentioned example.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plexus (238 words)

	UH head and neck
		[The transverse cervical nerve is 1 of 4 sensory branches of the cervical nerve plexus.
		Each of the first four cervical nerves is joined by a postganglionic communicating ramus from the superior cervical ganglion, hence, in addition to sensory and motor fibers, each nerve consists also of postganglionic sympathetic fibers.
		As you dissect away the outer fascia, identify the pharyngeal nerve plexus, lying primarily on the middle pharyngeal constrictor and including the pharyngeal branches of CN IX and X, and fibers from the superior cervical ganglion.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~rosenhei/head.html (11980 words)

	UAMS Department of Anatomy - Nerve - Thorax
		cardiac plexus is continuous with the coronary and pulmonary plexuses; thoracic visceral nn.
		pulmonary plexus is located along the pulmonary vessels and primary bronchi in the root of the lung
		to the esophageal plexus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks
	anatomy.uams.edu /AnatomyHTML/nerves_thorax.html (2252 words)

	DEEP BRANCHES OF THE CERVICAL PLEXUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		From the right nerve, one or two filaments pass to join in a small ganglion with phrenic branches of the solar plexus; and branches from this ganglion are 'distributed to the hepatic plexus, the supra-renal capsule, and inferior vena cava.
		The cervical plexus communicates with the spinal accessory nerve, in the substance of the Sterno-mastoid muscle, in the sub-occipital triangle, and beneath the Trapezius.
		The branch for the Sterno-mastoid is derived from the second cervical; the Levator anguli scapulae receiving branches from the third; and the Trapezius branches from the third and fourth.
	spinalnerves.net /deepbranch.html (553 words)

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