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Topic: Cervical vertebrae

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	II. Osteology. 3a. 1. The Cervical Vertebræ. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		Second cervical vertebra, epistropheus, or axis, from the side.
		transversarium may be as large as that in the other cervical vertebræ;, but is generally smaller on one or both sides; occasionally it is double, sometimes it is absent.
		On the left side it occasionally gives passage to the vertebral artery; more frequently the vertebral vein traverses it on both sides; but the usual arrangement is for both artery and vein to pass in front of the transverse process, and not through the foramen.
	www.bartleby.com /107/21.html (1556 words)

	Cervical Vertebrae Overview
		The next 12 are the thoracic vertebrae which articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs.
		Note the bifid spinous process on the vertebra on the left which is characteristic of C2 through C6.
		The vertebra on the right (C7) has a prominent nonbifid spinous process that can be felt at the base of the neck.
	www.gwc.maricopa.edu /class/bio201/vert/cerv.htm (120 words)

	Cervical Arthritis-DynoMed.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae that form the upper part of your spine, between the skull and the chest.
		The thoracic vertebrae are the 12 bones between your neck and your lower back. Thoracic vertebrae have cup-shaped surfaces called facets, in which the ribs rest and connect to the spine. These ‘joints’ help the ribs to move up and down during breathing.
		Cervical arthritis tends to begin between the ages of 30 and 50 as part of the normal aging process; like all arthritic conditions, it may grow worse over time. Nearly everyone over the age of 50 experiences some wear and tear in the cervical spine, but not everyone develops symptoms of cervical arthritis.
	www.dynomed.com /encyclopedia/encyclopedia/spine/cervical_arthritis.htm (974 words)

	SpineSource \| Cervical Disc Herniation (Herniated Disc)
		Besides the vertebral foramen (the spinal canal through which the spinal cord passes), the cervical vertebra have smaller foramina (canals) through which a large artery and the cervical nerves pass.
		Because the discs between the cervical vertebrae are much smaller and generally bear a lesser load than discs in the lumbar region, herniations occur less often than in other areas of the spine.
		Removal of a cervical herniated disc (cervical discectomy) is necessary when the disc has ruptured and lost its ability to retain its form, thereby placing pressure on the nerves.
	www.spinesource.com /Back-Pain-Disorders/cervical-disc-herniation.html (1093 words)

	Cervical Spine Anatomy - Orthogate - Improving orthopedic care, education and research with Internet technologies
		The main section of each cervical vertebra, from C2 to C7, is formed by a round block of bone, called the vertebral body.
		When the vertebrae are stacked on top of each other, the bony rings form a hollow tube that surrounds the spinal cord.
		The anterior cervical area is covered with muscles that run from the rib cage and collar bone to the cervical vertebrae, jaw, and skull.
	www.orthogate.org /patient-education/cervical-spine/cervical-spine-anatomy.html (1410 words)

	Diagnose-Me: Condition: Cervical Arthritis
		The vertebrae in the neck, known anatomically as the cervical vertebrae, begin to degenerate, accompanied by degeneration in the flexible disks of shock-absorbing cartilage that fit between them.
		Cervical arthritis tends to begin between the ages of 30 and 50 as part of the normal aging process; like all arthritic conditions, it may grow worse over time.
		Once the cervical vertebrae and their disks begin to degenerate, a minor injury to the spine (such as that caused by a fall or sudden twist) may provoke symptoms.
	www.diagnose-me.com /cond/C645303.html (1808 words)

	Cervical Spine
		The main objective of this project is to produce a sufficiently accurate parametric model of a human cervical vertebrae and the intervertebral disc.
		The reconstruction of cervical segments of the cervical spine by using the generated vertebras.
		Cervical plates for single and multilevel anterior surgery have been accepted as the standard procedure to improve initial stability and decrease complications from graft dislocation, endplate fracture, and late kyphotic collapse.
	www.uic.edu /labs/brl/cervical1.htm (665 words)

	Learn about Cervical Arthritis, a type of arthritis affecting the upper spine causing neck and shoulder pain.
		The cervical spine consists of seven distinct vertebral bodies that are separated by intervertebral discs.
		Cervical arthritis is caused when the cervical vertebrae in the neck deteriorate accompanied by the deterioration of the cartilage that provides shock absorption.
		Later, once the cervical vertebrae and their discs begin to degenerate, a minor injury to the spine may provoke the symptoms.
	www.allaboutarthritis.com /AllAboutArthritis/layoutTemplates/html/en/contentdisplay/document/condition/arthritis/clinicalArticle/cervical_arthritis.htm (751 words)

	Cervical Vertebrae
		The spine is made up of three groups of bones called "vertebrae." The seven "cervical vertebrae" comprise the bony axis of the neck.
		Although these are the smallest of the vertebrae, their bone tissues are denser than those in any other region of the column.
		The transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae are distinctive because they have "transverse foramina", which serve as passageways for arteries leading to the brain.
	www.innerbody.com /text/skel51.html (181 words)

	The pterosaur Database - Pterosaur Cervical Vertebrae
		The atlas and axis are usually fused into one bone and (including the atlas and axis as two) there are usually 8 cervicals in the early pterosaurs, reducing to 6 in some of the later and the larger pterosaurs.
		Cervical vertebrae are the commonest form of vertebrae to be found disassociated from other fossil remains.
		The cervical vertebrae in this species are covered with a very thin periosteum (hard bone layer) and a layer of cancellous bone (spongy bone).
	www.pterosaur.co.uk /identify/vert/vert2.htm (426 words)

	Cervical Spondylosis
		Cervical Spondylosis is a non-specific term describing the morphological manifestations of progressive degeneration of the spine.
		Cervical spondylosis is a disorder caused by abnormal wear on the cartilage and bones of the neck (cervical vertebrae) with degeneration and mineral deposits in the cushions between the vertebrae (cervical disks) and there is subsequent impingement of neural elements in a narrow cervical canal.
		When cervical spondylosis develops in a young individual, it is almost always secondary to a predisposing abnormality in one of the joints between the cervical vertebrae, probably as the result of previous mild trauma.
	www.magiclaser.com /html/CervicalSpondylosis.htm (1930 words)

	Spine
		The sacrum is the portion of the vertebral column between the lumbar vertebrae and the structures of the coccyx.
		The anterior tubercles on the sixth cervical vertebra are particularly large and are known as the carotid tubercles.
		The atlas vertebra, in turn rests upon the axis vertebra, which is the second of the cervical vertebra in the spine, with the articulation between these two vertebra occurring at lateral articular surfaces and an unique juncture between a concave facet (on the atlas) and an upward-protruding structure on the axis called a dens.
	www.american.edu /adonahue/k6spine.htm (2552 words)

	Vertebrae Menu
		A small opening is made between the two vertebrae to gain access to the herniated spine surgery huntsville alabama disc.
		A adrian king and spinal injury small opening is made between the two vertebrae to gain access to the herniated disc.
		A small opening is made between the two vertebrae to gain access to the arthritis of spine and joints herniated disc.
	www.samsara2003.com /menu/vertebrae.htm (956 words)

	Maryland Spine Center - Cervical Kyphosis
		The second cause of cervical kyphosis is congenital, meaning it is a birth defect affecting the development of the spine.
		The third cause of cervical kyphosis is traumatic, meaning it is the result of an injury to the cervical spine.
		This may be from a compression fracture of the vertebrae or from an injury to the ligaments in the back of the cervical spine.
	www.umm.edu /spinecenter/education/cervical_kyphosis.html (2799 words)

	Normal spinal anatomy
		Vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine
		Cervical spine (neck)—comprised of 7 cervical vertebrae (termed C1 to C7), starting with C1 at the top of the spine and ending with C7 at the bottom of the cervical portion of the spine.
		Discs are always labeled for the vertebrae that they lie between, and this is consistent throughout the length of the spine—for the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine.
	www.spine-health.com /topics/anat/confusion/confusion02.html (692 words)

	iScoliosis.com - Anatomy
		Each vertebra in the spinal column consists of the vertebral body in the front, the facet joints in the back and the pedicles, which join the vertebral bodies to the facet joints.
		The vertebrae in the cervical spine begin at the base of the head.
		The cervical vertebrae are strong and tough in order to support the weight of the head.
	www.iscoliosis.com /anatomy.html (431 words)

	eMedicine - Fractures, Cervical Spine : Article by Jorma B Mueller, MD
		At the level of injury, ie, the upper vertebrae, inferior articulating facets pass superior and anterior to the superior articulating facets of the lower involved vertebrae because of extreme flexion of the spine.
		Injury commonly occurs in lower cervical vertebrae; therefore, visualization of the C7-T1 junction in the lateral view is imperative.
		Prevertebral space extends between the anterior border of the vertebra to the posterior wall of the pharynx in the upper vertebral level (C2-C4) or to the trachea in the lower vertebral level (C6).
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic189.htm (7281 words)

	Arthritis - Cervical Arthritis
		The scientific name of what is commonly known as Cervical Arthritis is “Cervical Spondylosis” Cervical Arthritis is a type of arthritis that affects the seven cervical vertebrae, the vertebrae of the neck, and the intervertebral discs that separate them.
		With Cervical Arthritis the cervical vertebrae wear away and the intervertebral discs also degenerate causing the space between the vertebrae to narrow.
		The causes of Cervical Arthritis are tied to aging, natural wear of the vertebrae and injuries or repeated traumas from work or recreational activities.
	www.painresourcecenter.com /__en_int_fc_cervicalArthritis.asp (188 words)

	Patient Education: Spine Information: Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Cervical Spine - Texas Spine & Joint Hospital
		When the vertebra bones are stacked on top of each other, the canal forms a long tube that surrounds and protects the spinal cord as it passes through the spine.
		The goal of surgery is to stabilize the unstable portion of the cervical spine, to remove pressure from the spinal cord and to relieve the pain caused by the underlying instability.
		Perhaps the most serious condition from rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine is the settling that occurs when the joints between the skull, the C1 vertebra, and the C2 vertebra are destroyed.
	www.tsjh.org /patient-education/spine-rheumatoid-arthritis-cervical-spine.html (2551 words)

	SPINAL FUSION SURGERY
		The spine is made up of a series of bones called "vertebrae"; between each vertebra are strong connective tissues which hold one vertebra to the next, and acts as a cushion between the vertebrae.
		The cervical spine is a highly mobile region that permits movement in all directions.
		Cervical disc herniations that require surgery usually need not only removal of the herniated disc (discectomy), but also fusion.
	www.spine.org /articles/spinalfusion.cfm (1814 words)

	Cervical Arthritis
		The cervical spine consists of seven distinct vertebral bodies that are separated by intervertebral discs.
		Cervical arthritis is caused when the cervical vertebrae in the neck deteriorate accompanied by the deterioration of the cartilage that provides shock absorption.
		Later, once the cervical vertebrae and their discs begin to degenerate, a minor injury to the spine may provoke the symptoms.
	www.biochemics.com /cervical.html (718 words)

	Anatomy - The cervical spine is made up of the first seven vertebrae in the spine.
		Between each vertebra in the cervical spine are discs which act as cushions or shock absorbers and also permit some movement between the vertebral bodies.
		Each vertebra is shaped in a special way so that when they are stacked together, the spinal cord is protected from damage by the bones of the entire spinal column.
		The discs located in between each vertebrae function as shock absorbers and as joints.They are designed to absorb the stresses carried by the spine while allowing the vertebral bodies to move with respect to each other.
	www.necksurgery.com /anatomy.html (1052 words)

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