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Topic: Cestius Gallus

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	Gaius Cestius Gallus - LoveToKnow 1911
		GAIUS CESTIUS GALLUS, governor of Syria during the reign of Nero.
		During his retreat he was closely pursued by the Jews and surrounded in a ravine, and only succeeded in making good his escape to Antioch by sacrificing the greater part of his army and a large amount of war material.
		Soon after his return Gallus died (before the spring of 67), and was succeeded in the governorship by Licinius Mucianus, the prosecution of the war being entrusted to Vespasian.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Gaius_Cestius_Gallus (171 words)

	GAIUS SULPICIUS GALLUS - LoveToKnow Article on GAIUS SULPICIUS GALLUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Under Lucius Aemilius Paulus, his intimate friend he commanded the 2nd legion in the campaign against Perseus king of Macedonia, and gained great reputation for having pre dicted an eclipse of the moon on the night before the battle a Pvdna (168 n.e.).
		In 164 he was sent as ambassador to Greece and Asia, where he held a meeting at Sardis to investigate the charges brought against Eumenes of Pergamum by the representatives of various cities of Asia Minor.
		Gallus was a man of great learning, an excellent Greek scholar, and in his later years devoted himself to the study of astronomy, on which subject he is quoted as an authority by Pliny.
	27.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GA/GALLUS_GAIUS_SULPICIUS.htm (167 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - GALLUS, CAIUS CESTIUS:
		Gallus, however, did not at once intervene with arms, but sent his tribune Neapolitanus to Jerusalem, who, together with Agrippa II., vainly tried to quiet the people ("B. J." ii.
		Along the seacoast he executed a bloody vengeance on the Jews, burning the city Chabulon to the ground, killing 8,000 Jews in Jaffa, and arriving during the Feast of Tabernacles at Lydda, which was almost forsaken by its inhabitants.
		Gallus then advanced nearer to Jerusalem upon the so-called Scopus; occupied and burned the suburb Bezetha, which was wholly undefended by the Jews ("B. J." ii.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=44&letter=G&search=Cestius%20Gallus (369 words)

	Gaius Aelius Gallus - LoveToKnow 1911
		GAIUS AELIUS GALLUS, praefect of Egypt 26-24 B.C. By order of Augustus he undertook an expedition to Arabia Felix, with disastrous results.
		After six months Gallus was obliged to return to Alexandria, having lost the greater part of his force.
		He has been identified with the Aelius Gallus frequently quoted by Galen, whose remedies are stated to have been used with success in an Arabian expedition.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Gaius_Aelius_Gallus (131 words)

	The Campaign of Cestius Gallus
		Cestius Gallus had visited Jerusalem at Passover the previous year and heard the people's denunciation of the Judean procurator Florus.
		Cestius did not place his baggage train in the center of his marching troops, but instead placed it at the end of the column, where it became subjected to ambush.
		As Cestius retreats to Scopus and then to Gabaon he is pursued by the rebels, who devastate his army's flanks and rear and force the Romans to abandon most of their baggage train.
	members.aol.com /FLJOSEPHUS/warChronology2.htm (2086 words)

	Lydda (Lod)
		The Roman proconsul of Syria, Cestius Gallus, burned Lydda on his way to Jerusalem in 66 c.e.
		Captured by John the Essene at the eginning of the first Jewish war (66--70), it was occupied by Vespasian in 68 c.e.
		Still partly Jewish, it took part in the revolt against the emperor Gallus in 351 and was punished when this failed.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/100/places/lod.html (480 words)

	history : Josephus' writings - Life of Flavius - 12
		But about this time it was that the people of Sepphoris grew insolent, and took up arms, out of a confidence they had in the strength of their walls, and because they saw me engaged in other affairs also.
		So they sent to Cestius Gallus, who was president of Syria, and desired that he would either come quickly to them, and take their city under his protection, or send them a garrison.
		Accordingly, Gallus promised them to come, but did not send word when he would come: and when I had learned so much, I took the soldiers that were with me, and made an assault upon the people of Sepphoris, and took the city by force.
	www.godrules.net /library/flavius/flaviuslife12.htm (780 words)

	Destruction of Jerusalem
		The destruction of Jerusalem was the culmination of the successful campaign of Titus against Judea after the unsuccessful one four years prior by Cestius Gallus.
		Evidence of this event is seen enscribed on what is now called the Arch of Titus; it graphically displays Jewish artifacts being carried back to Rome after the victory.
		Many Christians believe this event was also the fulfillment of Jesus's warning thirty-seven years before to his followers of Jerusalem's destruction which they were allegedly able to escape during the withdrawal of Cestius Gallus four years hence.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/d/de/destruction_of_jerusalem.html (135 words)

	Legio XII Fulminata - Historia
		While Cestius Gallus gathered supplies from the surrounding countryside, and Herod Agrippa tried to open communications with friendly factions within Jerusalem, the rebels took the initiative.
		But more likely it was the Romans' inability to force a decisive engagement, the insufficiency of their siege train, and, possibly, Cestius' uncertainty as to the reliability of his troops.
		But, by that time, the remnants of Cestius Gallus' army was well away on the road to Antipatris and safety.
	cf.geocities.com /legioqc/histoire.html (3165 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		October-November 66 2.The Campaign of Cestius Gallus The greatest victory of the rebellion occurred early in the war, when the Twelfth Legion...
		CESTIUS GALLUS GALLUS, GAIUS CESTIUS governor of Syria during the reign of Nero.
		The rebels captured Jerusalem and defeated the force, which was led by Cestius Gallus, at Beth-Horon.
	cestius_gallus.iqexpand.com (415 words)

	Gallus Gaius Cornelius - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Gallus Gaius Cornelius - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		70-26 B.C.) GALLUS, GAIUS AELIUS; GALLUS, GAIUS CESTIUS; GALLUS, GAIUS SULPICIUS; GALLUS (c.
		GAIUS AELIUS GALLUS - Online Information article about GAIUS AELIUS...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Gallus_Gaius_Cornelius.html (154 words)

	Destruction of the Second Temple - Historical Background \| Chabad.org > Holidays > The Three Weeks and Tisha B'Av
		The proconsul Cestius Gallus was uncertain whether the riots were only against the governor Florius or if they were aimed against Rome.
		Cestius Gallus brought many troops with him to subdue Jerusalem.
		On the eight day of Cheshvan, 66 CE, Cestius Gallus suffered a humiliating and total defeat.
	www.chabad.org /holidays/3weeks/history/second1.html (1424 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 674 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		cestius, surnamed macedonicus, on account of his having formerly served in Macedonia, was a native of Perusia.
		cestius proculus, accused of repetundae, but acquitted, A. d.
		The name Cestius is chiefly remarkable on account of its connexion with two monuments at Rome, the Pons Cestius and the Pyramid of Cestius, both of which are still remaining.
	ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0683.html (750 words)

	Destruction of Jerusalem
		Cestius Gallus took part of his forces and marched into Zebulon of Galilee, finding it deserted by its men, the multitude having fled to the mountains, they plundered the city.
		Actually, the siege of the city under Cestius Gallus did not materialize into the destruction of the city.
		Although the A.D. 66 attack by Cestius Gallus was not the destruction of Jerusalem, it did signal the beginning of what is called the "great tribulation." There followed, continuous attacks of Jews upon Romans, and Romans upon Jews.
	www.geocities.com /Nashville/Opry/2092/Destruct.html (2699 words)

	Jewish Revolt (66-70 AD & 132-135 AD) - DBA 66
		A relief army of 30,000 under Cestius Gallus, the Roman Governor of Syria, quickly quashed resistance in northern Judea and then marched on Jerusalem, assaulting the walls for eight days and seriously demoralizing the defenders before withdrawing (presumably because his army was proving unreliable and he lacked a seige train to conduct seige operations).
		Gallus retired to Beth-Horon, where the rejuvenated rebels attacked him, inflicting a heavy defeat.
		The Emperor Nero responded to news of Gallus' defeat by dispatching Vespasian to command the three legions and auxiliaries (nearly 60,000 men) already enroute to suppress the rebellion.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/dba66.html (1064 words)

	Destruction of Jerusalem - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Titus' siege of Jerusalem in 70 came four years after an unsuccessful attack four by Cestius Gallus.
		The events of 66-73 CE come after the last canon of the Christian Bible, but many Christians claim to believe that this event was the fulfillment of Jesus' warning thirty-seven years before of the destruction of Jerusalem.
		Luke 21 (http://basicenglishbible.com/luke/21.htm), Matthew 21 (http://basicenglishbible.com/matthew/21.htm)) Following this, Christians of the era are claimed to have been able to escape during the withdrawal of Cestius Gallus four years hence.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Destruction_of_Jerusalem (588 words)

	GAIUS CESTIUS GALLUS - Online Information article about GAIUS CESTIUS GALLUS
		GAIUS CESTIUS GALLUS - Online Information article about GAIUS CESTIUS GALLUS
		Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
		Soon after his return Gallus died (before the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GAG_GEO/GALLUS_GAIUS_CESTIUS.html (320 words)

	Bible Truth Discussion Forum -> Abomination Of Desolations/prophecy
		In AD 66, Cestius Gallus (governor of Syria), advances on Jerusalem, leading the Twelfth Legion.
		Gallus changes tactics and decides to take the temple in a flanking maneouvre.
		Nor was there, perhaps, any one instance of a more unpolitic, but more providential conduct than this retreat of Cestius, visible during this whole siege of Jerusalem; which yet was providentially such a “great tribulation, as had not been from the beginning of the world to that time; no, nor ever should be.” Ibid., pp.
	www.thechristadelphians.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=5494 (1069 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - History & Community: Josephus
		These initial conflicts culminated in the defeat of the Roman legate of Syria, Cestius Gallus.
		He then describes how the moderate Jerusalem leadership took control of the revolt and appointed generals with similarly moderate views; Josephus was himself appointed the military governor of the Galilee in the militarily strategic north of Israel.
		After the defeat of Cestius Gallus, why did the zealots hand power over to the moderates, and how did someone who claims he was against the war get appointed to the most important military position?
	www.myjewishlearning.com /history_community/Ancient/IntellectualTO/JosephusLife_.htm (1464 words)

	Lydda
		The Roman proconsul of Syria, Cestius Gallus, burned Lydda on his way to Jerusalem in 66 AD.
		Captured by John the Essene at the eginning of the first Jewish war (66--70), it was occupied by Vespasian in 68 AD.
		Still partly Jewish, it took part in the revolt against the emperor Gallus in 351 and was punished when this failed.
	www.gracenotes.info /topics/Lydda.html (815 words)

	"The Abomination of Desolation - Future or Fulfilled?" by Ralph Woodrow
		Cestius and his armies were being very successful in their battle against Jerusalem.
		So much so, in fact, that the Jews were ready to give up and shortly would have opened their gates in surrender — thus saving the city and temple.
		After Cestius Gallus had retreated with his troops, Nero then ordered Vespasian to take over.
	www.the-highway.com /matt24_Woodrow2.html (3592 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - History & Community: The Great Revolt
		This led, in turn, to uprisings throughout the country, where Jews battled their non‑Jewish neighbors for the upper hand.
		Cestius Gallus, the governor of Syria, attempted to put down the revolt, but his forces were routed by the Jews.
		Military commanderswere now assigned to the entire country, to prepare for the expected Roman attack.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /history_community/Ancient/TheStoryI/RomanRule/GreatRevolt.htm (904 words)

	Articles - Siege of Jerusalem (70) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The events of 66-73 come after the last canon of the Christian Bible, but many Christians believe that this event was the fulfillment of Jesus' warning thirty-seven years before of the destruction of Jerusalem, as in Luke xxi and Matthew xxi, and above all the "little Apocalypse" of Mark xiii.
		Following this, Christians of the era are claimed to have been able to escape during the withdrawal of Cestius Gallus four years hence.
		Some Christians also believe that this was the fulfillment of a prophecy in the Old Testament (Book of Isaiah 10:3), which talks about a "day of visitation", when "desolation comes from far", and the New Testament (Book of Luke 19:44).
	www.techize.com /articles/Fall_of_Jerusalem,_AD_70 (925 words)

	The Chronology of the First Jewish Revolt According to Josephus
		Just four years previously, the High Priest Ananus illegally seized power and ordered the death of James, the brother of the Jesus called the Messiah -- an act for for which Ananus was deposed as High Priest.
		With a map of Galilee and a table of the political situation in the major cities.
		After three years Jerusalem would still be unconquered, but Nero would be gone and Vespasian would have achieved the throne of the Empire.
	members.aol.com /FLJOSEPHUS/warChronologyIntro.htm (566 words)

	Destruction of Jerusalem - MindSharer Article Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Destruction of Jerusalem (specifically, the Second Destruction of Jerusalem) was the culmination of the successful campaign of Titus Flavius against Judea after an unsuccessful attack four years prior by Cestius Gallus.
		Although the Roman army was ordered to leave certain structures intact, the city was in short time entirely destroyed, along with the Jewish Second Temple.
		Many Christians believe this event was also the fulfillment of Jesus' warning thirty-seven years before to his followers of Jerusalem's destruction which they were allegedly able to escape during the withdrawal of Cestius Gallus four years hence.
	articles.mindsharer.com /html/Destruction_of_Jerusalem (331 words)

	Visual Timeline of the Roman-Jewish War
		Stage 3: The Campaign of Cestius Gallus and the Defeat of the Twelfth Legion: October-November 66
		Florus cannot handle the situation, so the (Roman) Syrian Governor, Cestius Gallus, is called in to subdue the rebellion.
		During the flight out of Palestine, a number of documents were apparently hidden in the Dead Sea area along the route -- DSS Caves 4 and 7-10 are of particular interest.
	www.preteristarchive.com /ARTchive/churban (3371 words)

	Adam Clarke's Commentary - Revelation 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Scorpions may signify archers; and hence the description has been applied to Cestius Gallus, the Roman general, who had many archers in his army.
		Others consider the months as being prophetical months, each day being reckoned for a year; therefore this period must amount to one hundred and fifty years, counting thirty days to each month, as was the general custom of the Asiatics.
		Their torment was as the torment of a scorpion] The phraseology here is peculiar, and probably refers to the warlike weapon called a scorpion, several of which, or men armed with them, Cestius Gallus brought with him in his army.
	study.jcsm.org - !http: //www.jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Adam_Clarke_Commentary/clarkerev9.htm (1852 words)

	The Roman Army: Key Concepts
		The legate might also be a provincial governor, as in the case of Cestius Gallus.
		For this reason, when legionary standards were introduced into Jerusalem under Pontius Pilate a riot ensued and Pilate was forced to remove them.
		According to the Roman historian Suetonius, when Cestius Gallus and the Twelfth Legion was defeated the Judaeans captured their eagle, an act of utter humiliation for any legion.
	members.aol.com /Fljosephus2/romanArmy.htm (669 words)

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