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Topic: Cetacean

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	Cetacea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cetaceans are nearly hairless, and are insulated by a thick layer of blubber.
		Cetaceans evolved from land mammals (most likely from certain hoofed carnivores distantly related to hippopotamuses) that returned to the sea about 50 million years ago.
		From this, cetaceans can discern the size, shape, surface characteristics and movement of the object, as well as how far away it is. This is called echolocation, and with it cetaceans can search for, chase and catch fast-swimming prey in total darkness.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cetacea (1357 words)

	Mammals - Resources - Cetacean FAQs
		However, it is the cetaceans that are the most specialised in the aquatic environment and for a long time even the most basic aspects of their biology remained a mystery.
		Cetaceans sleep by floating at the surface of the sea with their blowholes exposed, some species rest during the day and others at night.
		Cetaceans often live in environments where there is little light, such as the deep ocean or the turbid waters of rivers.
	www.austmus.gov.au /mammals/resources/cetacean_faq.htm (1954 words)

	CRESLI Cetacean page
		Cetaceans and the Sirenians (dugongs and manatees) are the only two orders of mammals that are adapted to a fully aquatic existence.
		Early analysis of fossil evidence led to the belief that cetaceans had evolved from mesonychians, an extinct group of archaic ungulates (hoofed mammals) that had wolf-like or hyena-like proportions and were adapted for rapid movement on land and had large heads with powerful jaws (Berta and Sumich 1999; Reynolds, Odell and Rommel 1999, Rice 1998).
		Cetacean population and distribution: Using shipboard and aerial platforms, the species, number of individuals, and their locations are recorded, along with meteorological and other data.
	www.cresli.org /cresli/cetacean/cetapage.html (1503 words)

	Cetacean Nation
		The concept of a cetacean "nation" was originally conceived in 1961 by Dr. John Lilly, subsequently advocated in the 1970’s by Jacques Cousteau and Greenpeace, and promoted in the 1990's by Scott Taylor of the Cetacean Studies Institute of Santa Fe.
		To ensure the survival of the cetaceans in light of the continuing onslaught by human beings, it is essential that they be recognized for what they truly are: non-terrestrial intelligent life forms.
		Recognition of cetacean species as a nation and a separate group of intelligent, sentient beings that should be afforded the fundamental rights to survival and happiness in keeping with those afforded human beings in modern democratic societies.
	www.interspecies.com /pages/cet_%20nat.html (1939 words)

	cetacean -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hairs on cetaceans are restricted to the head, with isolated follicles occurring on the lower jaw and the snout.
		Cetaceans use up to 80 percent of their lung volume in a single breath, in contrast to humans, who use only 20 percent.
		Recent studies based on genetic sequences have confirmed that all cetaceans were derived from a single ancestral stock and are closely related to the hoofed mammals in the order Artiodactyla, made up of the even-toed mammals, such as cattle, deer, and camels.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9105982?tocId=9105982&query=dolphin (730 words)

	Cetacean bycatch
		Cetaceans are protected under the Bern, Bonn (ASCOBANS), and Biological Diversity Conventions, the Habitat and Species Directive (92/43/EEC) and are treated as having Appendix I Status CITES, within the European Union.
		These vessels are also depriving cetaceans of their prey, and we are seeing an increasing number of cetaceans stranding due to starvation.
		The pollution from fish farms is destroying the marine environment, destroying wild populations of fish and is causing concern re.
	www.animalfreedom.org /english/information/bycatch.html (1970 words)

	HIST: Cetacean Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is over 150 years since the genlifting of the cetaceans, and in that time they have produced numerous notable scientists.
		One of the few things that is known for certain about the way that cetaceans think is that they do not categorise the world in this way: they do not have the subject/object distinction in the same way as humans, and their view is more holistic.
		Since the equivalent feature of cetacean thought is a complete mystery, the assumption that we have the faintest idea of what they are doing is almost certainly false.
	www.df.lth.se /~micke/Redcap/histcetsci.html (493 words)

	Research reports for Alaska Fisheries Science Center's National Marine Mammal Lab for July-Sept 2003 - page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The primary objective was to document the distribution of cetacean species occurring on the shelf of the Gulf of Alaska and to collect line-transect data for abundance estimation of cetacean species.
		Surveys to determine distribution and abundance of cetaceans are costly and therefore often confined to coastal waters where the logistics are most practical or to areas of the ocean where marine mammal mortality associated with commercial fishing is particularly high.
		The cetacean survey was conducted from the flying bridge at an eye height of approximately 12 m.
	www.afsc.noaa.gov /quarterly/jas2003/divrptsNMML2.htm (747 words)

	PhysOrgForum Science, Physics and Technology Discussion Forums -> My Hypothesis On Why Cetacean's Beach Themselves
		Cetaceans ancestors were orginally land walking animals with hooves! They evolved from the land into the sea millions of years ago, before man's short spell here began.
		In a nutshell, my hypothesis is that over thousands, possibly millions of years and after millions of beachings from this selected group of sea mammals, cetacean's are being genetically altered, or mutated, as per darwins theory of natural selection to evolve back onto land from the sea.
		I believe that all cetacean's have the same gene but only the 'selected' cetacean's genes are 'switched' on while the rest of the population's remain dormant.
	forum.physorg.com /index.php?showtopic=622 (1169 words)

	Cetacean Community v. Bush
		We are asked to decide whether the world's cetaceans have standing to bring suit in their own name under the Endangered Species Act, the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the National Environmental Protection Act, and the Administrative Procedure Act.
		The Cetacean Community is the name chosen by the Cetaceans' self-appointed attorney for all of the world's whales, porpoises, and dolphins.
		Cetacean Community, 249 F.Supp.2d at 1210 ("As other courts have recognized, however, this statement is dicta and does not constitute precedent binding on this court.").
	www.animallaw.info /cases/causfd386f3d1169.htm (4098 words)

	Whale Songs * Cetacean Information
		Cetaceans are mammals that live their entire lives in the water.
		Select a cetacean from the ones below for specific natural histories and information.
		Our goal is to have all 79 species of cetaceans available.
	www.whalesongs.org /cetacean/home.html (179 words)

	Cetacean Watch
		Cetacean Watch is the new initiative launched by Falklands Conservation in October 2004 to try and get a better idea of which whale and dolphin (cetaceans) species occur in Falkland waters, and to attempt to get a feel for their abundance and distribution.
		Cetacean Watch is the first attempt in the Falkland Islands to systematically record cetacean sightings and monitor resident populations, and relies totally on the support and dedication of volunteers.
		Firstly, the ‘Cetacean Sighting Recording Form’ can be used by anyone, at anytime to record details of any whales or dolphins sighted, whether from a chance observation or during a timed watch (i.e.
	www.falklandsconservation.com /cetacean_watch.html (579 words)

	Cetacean bycatch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cetacean bycatch is the technical term for the incidental capture of non-target species by fisheries.
		In the case of trawling, they can become entangled in fishing nets and lines.
		This article related to water-transport is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cetacean_bycatch (84 words)

	The Cetacean Declaration of Interdependence
		When, in the course of Life, a family of living Beings, having endured centuries of attack upon and destruction of their lives and means of existence by an insensitive species, having determined to declare their status as Sentient Beings among the higher orders of Life, it becomes necessary to articulate it¹s implicit Nature.
		We declare that the family of Cetaceans are co-equal with Humans in the eyes of the Creator, and are the Citizens of a new nation, one that, although it has existed in latent form for millions of years, until now had no need to be recognized.
		The population of Cetaceans which is now living in Human-managed situations is of a special nature, and is to be given exceptional care.
	www.linknet.com.au /dolphin/CetaceanNationDeclaration.html (1308 words)

	Cetacean Nation Information & Energy Center
		To insure the survival of cetaceans, in light of the continuous onslaught by their terrestrial counterparts, human beings, it is essential that cetaceans be recognized for what they truly are: non-terrestrial intelligent lifeforms.
		The eventual goal is to have cetaceans represented as a nation within the framework of the United Nations.
		Step 7) Recognition of cetacean species as a nation and separate group intelligent, sentient beings that should be afforded rights to survival and happiness in keeping with those afforded human beings in modern democratic societies.
	www.cetacean-nation.com /cetacean.html (1698 words)

	Pacific Cetacean Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		View the American Cetacean Society's Special 20th Anniversary Issue of their newsletter Soundings.
		The Pacific Cetacean Group is an independent California based non-profit 501(c)3 organization dedicated to increasing our knowledge of marine mammals and promoting the conservation of their marine habitats through scientific research and education.
		We invite you to explore the vast array of knowledge of marine mammals and their marine environments, from estuaries to the open ocean, through our research, education programs and links.
	www.pacificcetaceangroup.org (134 words)

	Cetacean bycatch, entanglement in fishing gear, marine mammals, whales
		Accidental capture and entanglement in fishing gear is the biggest threat to whales, dolphins and porpoises worldwide, killing more than 300,000 animals per year.
		While considerable progress has been made over the last decade in stemming bycatch problems in certain fisheries, advances in reducing cetacean mortality in fisheries have remained relatively localized and therefore have had limited impact on the problem worldwide.
		Transferring the lessons learned in places where bycatch mitigation approaches have been successful or promising - and even where they have failed - is an important step toward reducing cetacean bycatch on a global scale.
	www.cetaceanbycatch.org (230 words)

	European Cetacean Bycatch Campaign homepage
		Thousands of dolphins, porpoises and whales are dying in European waters every year, due to entanglement in fishing nets and lines.
		You can help the European Cetacean Bycatch Campaign prevent these needless deaths ~ all you have to do is to send an e-mail or letter.
		The Directors of the European Cetacean Bycatch Campaign, Alan and Mary Stuart, are members of the Partnership for Action Against Wildlife Crime, and are represented on the Marine Wildlife Enforcement Working Group.
	www.eurocbc.org /page2.html (415 words)

	Cetacean monitoring program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Specifically, the results of the cetacean component of the BROKE voyage are summarized by Thiele et al.
		He has been researching cetaceans for 21 years, including captive-based studies and investigations into the ecology and management of free-ranging cetaceans in southern Africa.
		These packages record cetacean calls continuously throughout the year and will allow us to determine relative abundance of some species of baleen whales throughout the year of deployment.
	www.ccpo.odu.edu /Research/globec/iwc_collab/v4_part1.htm (1495 words)

	Cetacean Bycatch Resource Center
		States with fisheries that experience a cetacean by-catch should adopt a national plan of action to reduce the incidental mortality of cetaceans (see below the “technical note on developing a national plan of action for assessing and reducing the incidental catch of cetaceans in fisheries”).
		States which determine that a national plan of action on cetacean bycatch is not necessary should review this decision on a regular basis, taking into account changes and expansions in existing fisheries and the development of new fisheries.
		Lack of detailed information on the magnitude of the bycatch or the size and biology of particular cetacean populations should not be used as a reason for a lack of action.
	www.cetaceanbycatch.org /intlstrategy2.cfm (516 words)

	Cetacean Society International
		CSI is an all volunteer, non-profit conservation, education, and research organization based in the USA, with volunteer representatives in 26 countries around the world.
		The goal of the Cetacean Society International is to achieve on a global basis the "optimum utilization of cetacean resources" [1946 International Whaling Commission Treaty] through benign utilization and the elimination of all killing and captive display of whales, dolphins, and porpoises.
		To this end, we seek in every peaceful way to minimize cetacean killings and captures, and to maximize activities that neither harm nor harass, such as regulated whale watching, nonlethal research, and widespread educational, aesthetic, and environmental programs relating to free-living whales, dolphins, and porpoises.
	www.csiwhalesalive.org (231 words)

	Cetacean Freedom Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Cetacean Freedom Network (CFN) is a conglomerate of anti-whaling and anti-captivity organizations around the world.
		Although each organization quite often has their own special projects, they are one when it comes to putting an end to the abuse and captivity of cetaceans.
		It is the focus of CFN to make the general public aware of the tragedy of aquariums and theme parks that house cetaceans.
	www.captivitystinks.org (336 words)

	Hearing (from cetacean) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Research done with captive animals in the 1950s quantitatively demonstrated that dolphins both produce and are sensitive to sounds into the ultrasonic range.
		More results on "Hearing (from cetacean)" when you join.
		More specifically, a hearing is the formal examination of a cause, civil or criminal, before a judge according to the laws of a particular jurisdiction.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-51602?tocId=51602 (750 words)

	Cetacean Assessment & Ecology Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program (CAEP) of the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML) has primary responsibility for monitoring the status of several cetacean species that occur in Alaska waters, including bowhead whales, beluga whales, gray whales, killer whales, fin whales, northern right whales, humpback whales, harbor porpoise, and Dall's porpoise.
		With the assessment responsibility for cetacean species in Alaska waters, the CAEP takes the lead within NMML to provide applicable research and documents to the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and to participate in the annual IWC Scientific Committee Meetings.
		The Environmental Assessment on Allocating Gray Whales to the Makah Tribe for the Years 2001 and 2002 examines the environmental consequences, as required by NEPA, of granting an allocation of gray whales (approved by the IWC for subsistence purposes) to the Makah Tribe.
	nmml.afsc.noaa.gov /CetaceanAssessment/cetacean.htm (886 words)

	TV ACRES: Submarines > Cetacean (The Man from Atlantis)
		Cruising at the speed of 10 knots, the Cetacean resembled four large spheres each interconnected with tubular passageways.
		The Cetacean's crew included Dr. Elizabeth Merrill (Belinda J. Montgomery) a Foundation scientist; Jane, the ship's young communication officer (Jean Marie Hon); Chuey (J. Victor Lopez); and Jomo, the Cetacean's fl helmsman (Richard Wiliams).
		Mark Harris (Patrick Duffy) a lone survivor from the undersea kingdom of Atlantis (who possessed webbed fingers and lungs filled with gill tissues to extract oxygen from the sea water) often accompanied the Cetacean's crew on their expeditions.
	www.tvacres.com /subs_getacean.htm (320 words)

	GulfCet II Study: Cetacean Habitat in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
		To determine the relationship between cetacean distribution and habitat characteristics, two dedicated cruises aboard the R/V Gyre were conducted in the eastern Gulf of Mexico in late summer of 1996 (Gyre96G06) and mid-summer of 1997 (Gyre97G08).
		Cetaceans were subdivided into five groups based on large body size and deep diving ability (sperm whales, category 2), intermediate body size and dietary preference for squid (squid-eaters, Category 3), phylogenetic relationship and occurrence in deep water (<200 m) habitats (bottlenose and Atlantic spotted dolphin Category 5).
		Cetacean sightings were grouped as follows: 1) Cetaceans (all species identified) 2) Sperm whales, 3) Squid-eaters (except for sperm whales).
	www.nbii.gov /metadata/mdata/htmlfiles/tamu_dmb_cr_d_6cetaceanhabitat.html (1880 words)

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