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Topic: Ceuta barrier

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	Ceuta
		Ceuta is a Spanish exclave in North Africa, surrounded by Morocco, on the Mediterranean coast near the Straits of Gibraltar.
		Portugal yielded Ceuta to Spain on January 1, 1668, at the signing of a peace treaty at Lisbon between D. Afonso VI of Portugal and Carlos II of Spain, by mediation of Charles II of England.
		Ceuta is known officially in Spanish as Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta, the Autonomous City of Ceuta, having a rank between a standard Spanish city and an autonomous community.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/c/ce/ceuta.html (268 words)

	Separation barrier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Separation barriers (separation walls, security fences) are constructed to prevent the movement of people across a certain line or border or to separate two populations.
		Israel maintains two separation barriers between Israeli and Palestinian population centers with the intention of preventing infiltration by suicide bombers.
		The European Union and Spain have constructed barriers between the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla and Morocco to prevent illegal immigration and smuggling.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Separation_barrier (978 words)

	The Mighty Organ \| Ceuta
		For many, the 10 miles or so of sea are the final barrier between them and the riches of Europe, exotic fantasies hinted at by the words, images and brand names which float across the strait on television airwaves.
		Ceuta is a favoured destination as, once inside, they are on European soil and Spanish law means they cannot be forcibly repatriated.
		This dream is fed by the communications media in the form of Spanish football, TV and radio." This is the view of Ramona Tellechea, a Spanish national who works in Tangier with juvenile delinquents, most of whom are street kids, hustling their way towards a passage to Europe.
	www.themightyorgan.com /features_ceuta.html (851 words)

	Melilla border fence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Melilla border fence is a separation barrier between Morocco and Melilla's city, in Spain.
		It consists of 11 km (6 miles.) of parallel 3 m (10 ft) high fences topped with barbed wire, with regular watchposts and a road running between them to accommodate police patrols.
		Morocco has objected to the construction of the barrier, as it considers Melilla to be occupied Moroccan land, and has sought full devolution of the territory since 1975.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Melilla_border_fence (318 words)

	Ceuta border fence Information
		The Ceuta border fence is a separation barrier between Morocco and the Autonomous City of Ceuta, in Spain.
		Morocco has objected to the construction of the barrier, as it considers Ceuta to be occupied Moroccan land, and has sought full handing over of the territory since 1975.
		Critics have also implicated the barrier in the drowning deaths of at least 4,000 people who have died trying to cross the straits of Gibraltar to illegally enter Spain.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Ceuta_border_fence (185 words)

	Nowhere to turn:
		Unaccompanied migrant children in Ceuta and Melilla suffer a variety of health problems, many of which are exacerbated by poor nutrition and, in some cases, addiction to sniffing solvents, gasoline, or other chemical substances for the short term "high" they provide.
		Activists and children in Ceuta told us it was common for hospitals and clinics there to refuse to provide unaccompanied migrant children with medical care if the children do not have the health card or are not accompanied by residential center staff.
		Low-quality basic education is a barrier to advancement to regular coursework in Spanish public schools and deprives children of the Spanish language and literacy skills needed to understand and demand rights guaranteed them under Spanish law, including the ability to present effectively complaints about abuses.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2002/spain-morocco/spnmorc0402-02.htm (9018 words)

	Life in Limbostan
		Ceuta is a small place—a hectic, hilly coil of serpentine streets speckled by the odd verdant cow pasture.
		Ceuta's hardliners took another hit in 1999 when Morocco's newly crowned king, Mohammed VI, fixed his eyes on Ceuta and Melilla, vowing that Morocco would reclaim these cities.
		Hamadi also pointed to new signs of racial tolerance in Ceuta: Arabic is now taught in the schools, and the city is unearthing and restoring a brick village that dates from the 13th century.
	www.motherjones.com /news/dispatch/2003/09/ma_512_01.html (2650 words)

	Ceuta - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Ceuta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ceuta is the site of one of the Pillars of Hercules.
		Ceuta was once a very busy town and did a great trade under both Roman and Arab rule.
		The whole of the northern Spanish zone of Morocco became independent in 1956, with the exception of Ceuta and Melilla.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Ceuta (223 words)

	Gap Winds Print Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Near the mountain barrier such westerly flow is not possible because of the blocking effects of the terrain.
		The sinking (subsiding) air on the lee side of the barrier warms adiabatically as it is compressed by higher pressure, thus causing sea level pressure to fall on the lee side.
		The Cascade Mountains act as a barrier that impedes the westward movement of cold, continental air from the interior, with the Gorge acting as a near sea level gap across the mountains.
	meted.ucar.edu /mesoprim/gapwinds/print.htm (9570 words)

	The Capture of Ceuta by the Portuguese
		The fleet landed near the Moorish port of Ceuta, and after a short siege, the city was taken on August 22, 1415.
		Salabensala was a man of advanced age; he was descended from the noble line of the Seafarers, the best of all those in Africa; and he was the lord of the city of Ceuta and of many other cities on the shores of this sea.
		In this tower is the second gate, which is round, and between this wall and the barrier is the passage leading to the third gate.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/ceuta.htm (3302 words)

	The Review - Scribblings
		One is that no-one is protesting that this fence is illegal, a barrier to peace or a land grab, and no-one calls it an "apartheid wall", even though its intent is very much to separate people along largely ethnic lines.
		In terms of human rights and moral purposes, this fence is less justifiable than Israel’s security barrier — it has led to the deaths of more people, and is intended to prevent illegal immigration, not save lives.
		This barrier, like Israel’s, is intended to stop terrorists, such as the suicide bombers that killed 60 people in the town in July.
	www.aijac.org.au /review/2005/30-11/scribb30-11.html (925 words)

	MEI: Protecting Europe's borders
		Five men were shot dead while attempting to penetrate the fence around Ceuta on 29 September, leading to rioting among the large community of homeless migrants camped on the Moroccan side of the fence.
		There is no way to hold Libya to “the common values of the rule of law, good governance and respect for human rights” on which political dialogue is based.
		GISTI considers the real cause of the tragedy which trans-Saharan migration has become to be “the higher and higher barriers built by the rich countries to obstruct those who are fleeing poverty and conflict”.
	meionline.com /features/410.shtml (1279 words)

	Cross-Cultural Program: Cadiz, Spain
		There would have been a period when Ceuta would have been under the Moors' control, but for the most part Ceuta has been European land for a long time.
		Last fall, between August and November, I understand there were a number of "avalanches" of immigrants in Ceuta and/or Melilla, when Africans would charge the fence with ladders and a number would make it across.
		To me, it seems the church is or should be the body that transcends barriers and borders.
	www.emu.edu /crosscultural/spain06/journal9.html (529 words)

	Israel Hasbara Committee
		Barry Shaw points out the glaring hypocrisy of the EU regarding Israel’s Security Fence.
		Former Mossad agent Gad Shimron reports that while the European Union attacks Israel mercilessly for the fence it is building to protect Jewish lives, the EU itself funds and operates a similar fence designed only to protect itself from illegal immigrants.
		Poverty-stricken Moroccans attempting to cross into Ceuta, from where they will be able to work anywhere in Europe because of the EU’s no-checkpoints policy, are stopped in their tracks by the eight-meter-high, double layer fence.
	www.infoisrael.net /cgi-local/text.pl?source=4/b/viii/archives/200720041 (439 words)

	Sub-Saharan Africa - Six killed as hundreds storm Spanish enclave of Ceuta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This week's mass assaults on the lower part of the fence may have been brought on by work to double its height to six metres (20 feet) along the whole 10 km (6 mile) border, which is now nearing completion.
		"Peeking over the gates of Melilla and Ceuta is the tip of a human iceberg formed by hundreds of thousands of African citizens "expelled" from their own countries by hunger, war, poverty or persecution," Spain's Secretary of State for Security, Antonio Camacho, told Congress on Wednesday.
		Ceuta is on the North coast in the Mediterranean Sea.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1493361/posts (1638 words)

	Spain to build new fence around African enclave - The Boston Globe
		Five immigrants were killed in a charge last week at Ceuta, Spain's other enclave on the northern Moroccan coast.
		Fernandez Chacon made his comments a day after 650 Africans ripped through a section of the Melilla barrier and clashed with police, in the latest and biggest rush on the Spanish enclave surrounded by Morocco.
		Pieces of ripped clothing were strewn across parts of the barrier that remained intact.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2005/10/05/spain_to_build_new_fence_around_african_enclave (405 words)

	New Vision Online : Spanish-Moroccan border a death camp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Spain is rushing extra troops to Ceuta and Melilla — and on the return trip to the Spanish mainland the ferries carry some of the successful “refugees” across the Strait of Gibraltar into Europe.
		No barrier will stop people unless you are prepared to protect it by force, of course, but the better the barrier, the fewer the casualties.
		The US government could build and man an effective physical barrier along the whole of the Mexican border, allowing only legal immigrants to pass through, for a tenth of what it is spending this year in Iraq.
	www.newvision.co.ug /D/8/20/459781 (876 words)

	Aljazeera.Net - More die in bid to storm Spain enclave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		"Confronted with the extraordinary violence of the attackers, who were driven by the energy of despair, the police legitimately defended their surveillance posts in front of the barrier and six immigrants died," the source said.
		A similar assault on the border fencing in the twin Spanish enclave of Ceuta last week saw five immigrants die amid bitter controversy on whether Spanish or Moroccan police had fired on them.
		Alonso added the Spanish "did not use live ammunition" in trying to repel the immigrants at Ceuta on 29 September and was "firmly convinced" that those who died had not died at Spanish hands.
	english.aljazeera.net /NR/exeres/08DB0DE3-6DE8-40F5-8674-F1C2B0474CF1.htm (519 words)

	Sagres - History
		A veteran of the invasion of Ceuta, he retained an abiding zeal to banish Muslims from North Africa and the Holy Land once and for all.
		While in Ceuta he had learned from traders about gold routes across the Sahara which were thought to originate in Guinea on the African west coast.
		Many attempts failed before the barrier was finally overcome by the Portuguese in 1434.
	www.sagres.net /history.htm (1324 words)

	Poor Africans risk all on leaps into two tiny slices of Europe \| Arizona Daily Star ®
		They were the lucky ones in a drama that saw more than 1,000 people rush border crossings in Melilla and Ceuta, another enclave farther west on Morocco's coast.
		Three other bodies were found on the Moroccan side of the barrier.
		Ceuta and Melilla have been parts of Spain for centuries and are the European Union's only borders with Africa.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/95792 (461 words)

	News -- At least five dead as over 500 African migrants storm border fence separating Ceuta, Spain from Morocco, in ...
		Two were killed on the Spanish side, from suffocation or from being crushed in the stampede when around 500 people stormed the metal barrier separating the two countries early on Thursday.
		Earlier this week, Spanish secretary of state for immigration, Consuelo Rumi, praised Morocco for its efforts to stem the flow of illegal immigrants, which she said had helped to reduce by a third the number of makeshift vessels intercepted last year off the Spanish coast.
		Morocco and Spain are also likely to insist that all countries have a responsibility in fighting illegal immigration at its source: a lack of economic opportunities in many poor countries that can only be solved through development.
	naijanet.com /news/source/2005/sep/29/1002.html (586 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The latest assault took place in the Pinares de Rostrogordo zone where the perimeter fence has yet to be raised from three to six metres high, as is the case around the rest of the enclave, according to private Spanish radio Cadena Ser.
		EU justice and security commissioner Franco Frattini on Tuesday said the bloc would shortly be sending a technical mission to investigate the worsening situation on the southern coast of the Mediterranean.
		Spain has recently been accelerating plans to raise the border fence, equipped with infrared cameras and movement detectors, while Morocco is increasing police operations in forests bordering the enclaves.
	www.middle-east-online.com /ENGLISH?id=14706=14706&format=0 (541 words)

	Portugal - Early Voyages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Finally, the campaign against Ceuta was seen as preparatory to an attack on Muslims still holding Granada.
		After the conquest of Ceuta, Prince Henry the Navigator, who had participated in the campaign as an armed knight, settled at Sagres on the extreme end of Cape St. Vincent, where in 1418 he founded a naval school.
		After repeated attempts, Gil Eanes finally rounded Cape Bojador on the west coast of Africa in present-day Western Sahara in 1434, a psychological, as well as physical, barrier that was thought to be the outer boundary of the knowable world.
	countrystudies.us /portugal/22.htm (535 words)

	The Hindu : International : Immigrants face a formidable barrier
		The frontier — known as Marihouari to Moroccans and Rostrogordo to Spaniards — is a formidable barrier.
		Melilla, and Spain's other north African enclave along the coast at Ceuta, trace their Spanish pasts to the 15th century.
		But that, as the five bodies delivered to morgues in Ceuta and the Moroccan city of Tetouan this week testify, is no longer true.
	www.hindu.com /2005/10/03/stories/2005100300551500.htm (635 words)

	Asia Times Online - The best news coverage from South Asia
		Protecting the barrier on the Palestinian side are coils of barbed wire and a deep trench to prevent explosive-laden vehicles from smashing through.
		Saudi Arabia is constructing a security barrier along its border with Yemen to block the entry of smugglers and al-Qaeda operatives.
		A United Nations General Assembly resolution demanding that Israel comply with the ICJ ruling to dismantle its West Bank barrier was passed with 150 votes in favor of the resolution, six against and 10 abstentions.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/FG23Df02.html (1662 words)

	The Head Heeb: EU Fence
		Poverty-stricken Moroccans attempting to cross into Ceuta, from where they will then be able to work anywhere in Europe because of the EU's no-checkpoints policy, are stopped in their tracks by the eight-meter-high, double layer fence.
		Ceuta and Melilla are, compared to the Israeli settlements on the West Bank, the number of settlers (absolutely and relatively to the sebnding and receiving areas), and the land taken by the settlements, very minor.
		Hundreds of illegal migrants were roaming around Ceuta in hopes of eventually crossing the Strait and reach Europe creating a humanitarian crisis in the city.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/025625.html (9757 words)

	Middle East Online
		Authorities in Madrid said about 700 people had been involved in the attempt to break into Melilla, which with Spain's other enclave of Ceuta, is the only part of the European Union to share a land frontier with Africa.
		About 300 of those entering Melilla headed for the police station to register and be given notice of expulsion, a procedure which gives them access to the local reception centre, medical aid and possible entry to the European Union.
		The latest assault on the barrier took place at 5:15 am (0315 GMT) in spite of the deployment by Spain of 480 troops and by Morocco of 1,600 police officers to try to prevent such attempts, usually by would-be immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, to break into the enclaves.
	www.middle-east-online.com /english?id=14681 (442 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Migrants charge Spanish enclave
		Several hundred African would-be immigrants have stormed a barrier on the border of the Spanish enclave of Melilla in Morocco.
		Many of the migrants who made it across to the Spanish side were arrested and taken away in buses.
		Melilla and nearby Ceuta are seen as stepping stones to Europe by African migrants.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/low/europe/4304246.stm (317 words)

	EU irked by Turkish adultery law - Unexplained Mysteries Discussion Forums
		No, I don't hear about refugee camps blowing up in Ceuta or Melilla, but I do hear about 4,000 refugees dead because of Spanish policy, and about 6,000 Spanish soldiers stationed in those cities (for example - Spain sent only 1,300 soldiers to Iraq, and this caused a regime changed in Spain).
		Morocco has objected to the construction of the barrier, as it considers Ceuta to be occupied Moroccan land.
		Critics have also implicated the barrier in the drowning deaths of at least 4,000 people who have died trying to cross the straits of Gibraltar to enter Spain.".
	www.unexplained-mysteries.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=21837&st=30 (3465 words)

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