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	Wikinfo \| Ceuta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ceuta is a Spanish exclave in North Africa, located on the northernmost tip of Maghreb, on the Mediterranean coast near the Straits of Gibraltar.
		In 1415, Ceuta was taken by the Portuguese under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator.
		The Spanish government and both Ceuta's and Melilla's autonomous governments and inhabitants rejects these comparisons, on the grounds that both Ceuta and Melilla are integral parts of the Spanish state, whereas Gibraltar, a British overseas territory, is not and never has been part of the United Kingdom.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Ceuta (867 words)

	Ceuta
		Ceuta is a Spanish exclave in North Africa, located on the Mediterranean, on the southern coast of the Strait of Gibraltar.
		The allegiance of Ceuta to Spain was recognized by the Treaty of Lisbon by which, on January 1 1668, King Alfonso VI of Portugal formally ceded Ceuta to Carlos II of Spain.
		By the Concordat of 1851 the diocese of Ceuta, a suffragan of the Andalusian archbishopric of Seville was suppressed and incorporated in the diocese of Cádiz, whose bishop usually was the Apostolic Administrator of Ceuta.
	www.globalguide.org /index.html?title=Ceuta (1071 words)

	Ceuta information - Search.com
		Ceuta is a Spanish exclave in North Africa, located on a northern tip of the Maghreb, on the Mediterranean coast near the Strait of Gibraltar.
		In 710, as Muslim invaders approached the city, its Visigothic governor Julian (also described as "king of the Ghomara") changed sides and urged them to invade Spain (for personal reasons, according to the Arab chroniclers; the Visigothic King Roderick is said to have mistreated his daughter).
		In 1415, Ceuta was taken by the Portuguese during the reign of John I of Portugal.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Ceuta (922 words)

	Ceuta
		Ceuta is a Spanish exclave in North Africa, located on the northernmost tip of Morocco, on the Mediterranean coast near the Straits of Gibraltar.
		Ceutas strategic location has made it the crucial waypoint of many a cultures trade and military ventures — beginning with the Carthaginians in the 5th century BC.
		The Spanish government rejects these comparisons, on the grounds that both Ceuta and Melilla are integral parts of the Spanish state, whereas Gibraltar, a British overseas territory, is not and never has been part of the United Kingdom.
	www.keywordmage.net /ce/ceuta.html (805 words)

	Hundreds more immigrants storm Melilla border
		Around 300 African immigrants crossed the Melilla border last night after the fence surrounding the enclave was breached, according to Guardia Civil border police.
		Ceuta National Police admitted in an unofficial statement yesterday that their officers had fired a large number of rubber bullets, but insisted that Moroccan police armed with assault rifles were using the live ammunition responsible for the deaths.
		This is the first time Ceuta has been targeted for a mass assault of this type, although more than 20 similar incidents have occurred over the past few months at the Melilla border to the east (2nd photo).
	www.thinkspain.com /news-spain/9638 (866 words)

	noborder.org \| welcome!
		After spending three months in the woods at the border, he decided to take part in a collective action of climbing over the bordering barbwire and make their was into Ceuta.
		Ceuta is a Spanish enclave in North Africa, located on a northern tip of the Maghreb, on the Mediterranean coast near the Strait of Gibraltar.
		Ceuta has 76,000 inhabitants that are enclosed by a 6.8 km fence that separates it from moroccan territory.
	www.noborder.org /item.php?id=364 (433 words)

	Guardian \| African migrants die in quest for new life
		Spanish border police armed with riot gear and rubber bullets faced hundreds of sub-Saharan Africans prepared to risk their lives yesterday to get across the razorwire-topped perimeter fence around a Spanish enclave in north Africa in an attempt to claim immigrant status.
		Ceuta's hospitals were yesterday flooded with immigrants who had been injured crossing the wire before dawn.
		The president of Ceuta's council, Juan Vivas, called for all immigrants to be automatically expelled, and Spanish opposition parties blamed Morocco for allowing the immigrants to plan the raids on the enclaves, which are claimed by Morocco.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,5297935-103482,00.html (743 words)

	sandiego.indymedia.org \| Hundreds charge Spanish Border (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		His hands were covered in gashes and his jeans ripped and spotted with blood from where he climbed over the border fence.
		A police officer was also slightly injured in the early Wednesday assault on a fence which is between three and six meters (10 to 20 feet) high.
		The storming through the double fence was the second attempt this week by a large group of migrants to cross into Melilla.
	sandiego.indymedia.org /en/2005/10/111329.shtml (676 words)

	Protest against the "Separation Fence" at Anin (Jenin province) Photo Gallery by Eyal Dor-Ofer at pbase.com
		The protestors have attempted to cut the fence and break open the "farmers gate" - a gate, controlled by the Israeli army that intended to allow Palestinian farmers to reach their olives groves.
		It is one thing to side with the hardship caused by the fence to palestinians (but they have chosen to wage a terror campaign) but it is another thing to be so one-sided.
		I don't think that their would be one people on earth who wouldn't protest again such an horror (if it must happen to their own country of course), a wall between people, we have seen that before and we know that it's a shame and now it's don again, incredible.
	www.pbase.com /yalop/fence2 (746 words)

	Ceuta - MaxTravelz
		Ceuta had several sovereigns before the Portuguese in 1415 took control of these city east of Tangiers.
		Ceuta is easily accessible from Cadiz or Algeciras by ferry.
		Ceuta is a free port, this means there are few or no taxes on goods.
	www.maxtravelz.com /ceuta.htm (312 words)

	Israel's Security Fence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In March 2005, Israel announced it would build a temporary fence separating Jerusalem from the West Bank by July, leaving the structure in place while legal challenges to the permanent barrier are decided by the courts.
		The fence especially complicates potential negotiations related to Jerusalem as it will make it more difficult to devise a compromise that would lead to a division of the city, an idea that is unpopular with Israelis.
		Since the fence is not permanent, it is possible that it could be relocated, or become unnecessary if a peace agreement were reached, in which case a political settlement could be reached.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Peace/fence.html (3206 words)

	SPAIN: From the Berlin Wall to Ceuta and Melilla
		In their bids to climb over the two fences and get by members of the security forces equipped in riot gear, 13 would-be migrants have been killed and dozens injured over the past month by rubber bullets or beatings, or by falling off the three-metre fences.
		Asked Tuesday in a news briefing in Brussels about the third fence to be built around Ceuta and Melilla, he responded that it would unfortunately be the first such "wall" built in Europe since the fall of the Berlin Wall, and in the wake of European criticism of the Israeli wall.
		Besides sovereignty over Ceuta and Melilla, Moroccan King Mohammed VI is demanding a Marshall Plan to develop his country, while NGOs as well as politicians in Europe say that such an aid programme is needed instead for sub-Saharan Africa, which is the source of most of the immigrants who try to make it into Europe.
	www.ipsnews.net /news.asp?idnews=30546 (1017 words)

	Statewatch News Online: Spain/Morocco: Migrants shot dead at the border fence, Spain deploys army
		Four people who took part in an onslaught by hundreds of African would-be migrants in an attempt to get across the border fence in the Spanish north African enclave of Ceuta were confirmed to have died in the early morning of 28 September 2005.
		The army has already been deployed to control the border for an "indefinite period", with two companies of 120 soldiers from the army bases in Ceuta and Melilla posted in each of the two towns' border fence areas.
		Melilla is the other Spanish enclave in northern Morocco, and has been the scene of a number of similar attempts to cross the border fence in large numbers using rustic ladders that are made for the occasion using branches over the last month, in which at least three migrants have died.
	www.statewatch.org /news/2005/oct/01spain-morocco.htm (853 words)

	ceuta2
		On the beach near the border lies the corpse of a fl man. The body has been floating in the sea for ten days, is swollen and radiating a sharp odour.
		The paramilitary border guards in Ceuta, Guardia Civil, surround the corpse, as ambulance workers cover it with a plastic sheet.
		Before the fence was fortified, the influx of illegal immigrants almost exceeded the capacities of Ceuta.
	www.djh.dk /euroviews2000/ceuta/ceuta2.html (883 words)

	News -- At least five dead as over 500 African migrants storm border fence separating Ceuta, Spain from Morocco, in ...
		The summit between the two leaders in the southern Spanish city of Seville was set to address joint efforts to contain illegal immigration, as well as the situation in the former Spanish colony of Western Sahara.
		Spanish border guards have been called on to repel immigrants' attempts to scale the fortified border-crossing with makeshift wooden ladders and human-rights group have complained about the use of excessive force.
		Earlier this week, Spanish secretary of state for immigration, Consuelo Rumi, praised Morocco for its efforts to stem the flow of illegal immigrants, which she said had helped to reduce by a third the number of makeshift vessels intercepted last year off the Spanish coast.
	naijanet.com /news/source/2005/sep/29/1002.html (586 words)

	Spain and Morocco: Failure to protect the rights of migrants — Ceuta and Melilla one year on - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		They generally shoot at people when they are on top of the fence with their face and upper body exposed, resulting in injuries to the temples, ears, eyes, the upper lip and neck.The distance between the gun and the person being targeted is generally less than a few metres.
		The lack of legal safeguards governing border control means that law enforcement officials responsible for controlling the borders at Ceuta and Melilla are currently not being held accountable for their actions.
		People between the fences and in the vicinity of border fences are in principle protected from summary or clandestine expulsion by Spanish domestic law.(38) However, their legal status has remained a matter of some confusion.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGEUR410092006 (10717 words)

	Ceuta travel guide - Wikitravel
		Ceuta [1] had several sovereigns before the Portuguese in 1415 took control of this city east of Tangiers.
		Ceuta being part of Spain and therefore a safe heaven for Africans made it a prime target for migrants.
		This could be longer if you travel in summer when the main holiday season in Spain and France starts and lots of families return to their homes in Morocco.
	wikitravel.org /en/Ceuta (355 words)

	Homeland Security Watch » Border fence sticker shock
		I’ve been a strong supporter of constructing a border fence, primarily because I believe it’s a more cost-effective way to secure the border than hiring ten thousand new Border Patrol and investing in new sensors & surveillance systems.
		And it’s significantly higher than the $2.5 million per mile cost of the Israeli border fence (my estimate based on an assessment of all of the existing estimates, subtracting out the unique Israeli costs for multiple crossing points and frequent observation towers).
		It’s cheaper than the 14-mile San Diego fence (at least $5.5 million/mile) and the fences for the Spanish African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, but these are urban fences, so their requirements are greater than a fence running across a desert.
	www.hlswatch.com /2006/08/04/border-fence-sticker-shock (542 words)

	geog303europebackdoor
		Despite Spain's attempts at vigilance and prevention, perhaps twenty to twenty-five Africans reach Ceuta daily, and some 10,000 are said to be biding their time in nearby Moroccan cities such as Tangier and Tetouan, waiting their turn for experienced local smugglers to show them how, when, and where to cross the border.
		The fences are equipped with halogen spotlights, noise and movement sensors, and video cameras connected to a central control booth; the installation required ninety miles of underground cables.
		By the most recent estimates the cost to complete the fence would run to some $60 million, roughly 25 percent coming from European Union funds, and the work would be finished in the middle of this year.
	www.csuchico.edu /~sb167/geog303europebackdoor.html (3264 words)

	Life in Limbostan
		But they kept coming, shredding their skin on the fence, clinging to the underside of trucks crossing the border, and even swimming into the city.
		Ceuta is a small place—a hectic, hilly coil of serpentine streets speckled by the odd verdant cow pasture.
		Hamadi also pointed to new signs of racial tolerance in Ceuta: Arabic is now taught in the schools, and the city is unearthing and restoring a brick village that dates from the 13th century.
	www.motherjones.com /news/dispatch/2003/09/ma_512_01.html (2767 words)

	fence
		The fence is not an annexation of Palestinian territory.
		This film about the security fence against terror is a compilation of questions and answers relating to the process of constructing the fence and the considerations that led the State of Israel to build it.
		The security fence is a temporary defensive measure, not a border; inconveniences caused by the fence are reversible.
	www.amitiesquebec-israel.org /texts/fence.htm (3146 words)

	Immigration's Grisly Edge in Ceuta and Melilla [Weblog] - Daniel Pipes
		Ceuta and Melilla, two Spanish outposts on the Moroccan mainland, have been under Spanish control since the very end of the Crusading period.
		"Intelligence studies suggest that around 20,000 immigrants are in Algeria determined to begin their journey to Morocco and then Ceuta and Melilla, with another 10,000 waiting in Morocco." He added that increasing the height of border fences would hardly solve the problem.
		Zerouali indicated that the Moroccan government has deployed 11,000 troops to shut its sea and land borders over the past two years, and the result has been a staunching of illegal migrants by 65 percent.
	www.danielpipes.org /blog/107 (1001 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| International \| Core-periphery tragedies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The few who did make it into Ceuta or Melilla did so by seeking out areas of the fence that were relatively unguarded, using makeshift ladders made from tree branches and ropes to climb over.
		On the Spanish side of the border, Spanish television channel Tele 5 broadcast last weekend a video showing Civil Guard troops mercilessly beating a man of Sub-Saharan origin after he made it over the fence.
		Many are suggesting that global economic injustice is the real cause of the problem -- the last fortnight's events at the Spanish-Moroccan border simply a reflection of intolerable hardships borne by the wretched of the earth.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2005/764/in7.htm (1261 words)

	Spain Immigrants Get Through Border Fence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Soldiers with automatic weapons and police with anti-riot gear are patrolling the razor wire fences along the border of Spain's two enclaves with Morocco, three days after five Africans were killed as hundreds of immigrants rushed the fence at one enclave in a bid to enter Europe.
		After scaling a 9-foot-tall razor wire fence, the immigrants had to clamber up a newly elevated second fence twice as high, ripping through the mesh of the barrier.
		Crude ladders made from branches that the immigrants used to scale the outer fence were left stacked on the Moroccan side of the border.
	www.comcast.net /data/news/2005/10/03/233624.xml (580 words)

	USATODAY.com - Hundreds charge Spanish-Moroccan border (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Wednesday's assault on the border fence was the fifth mass rush in a week.
		On Monday alone, 350 climbed the first fence with ladders made from tree branches and then ripped down sections of the second barrier, streaming into Melilla bloodied and limping.
		As in the other recent crossing attempts, razor wire topping the inner fence was strewn with gloves, shirts and strips of cloth.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-10-05-moroccanborder_x.htm?csp=34 (815 words)

	Ceuta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Allow one or two hours to pass through this border post.
		The city became Spanish when Phillip II succeed to the throne of Portugal in 1580.
		When Spain again recognized the independence of Portugal, in the Treaty of Lisbon (1 January 1668), Don Afonso VI of Portugal formally ceded the area of Ceuta to Carlos II of Spain.
	health.abcworld.net /Ceuta.html (873 words)

	Morocco denies abandoning immigrants in desert
		The official version of the Moroccan government is that the six sub-Saharian immigrants who were killed while trying to cross the perimeter fences surrounding Melilla yesterday morning, were shot in self defence by their border patrol forces in the face of what they describe as an extremely violent and desperate assault.
		Around a hundred mainly sub-Saharian immigrants tried to climb over the fence surrounding Melilla during the early hours of this morning, while 140 others were prevented from doing so by Moroccan authorities in Nador.
		The government announced yesterday that a third perimeter fence would be constructed around each of the enclaves, and government first vice-president, María Fernández de la Vega, is meeting the presidents of Ceuta and Melilla in Madrid today.
	www.thinkspain.com /news-spain/9680 (1150 words)

	New Vision Online : Spanish-Moroccan border a death camp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spain is rushing extra troops to Ceuta and Melilla — and on the return trip to the Spanish mainland the ferries carry some of the successful “refugees” across the Strait of Gibraltar into Europe.
		Just as the United States is strengthening the border defences in the thickly populated western section between San Diego and Tijuana (and extending the barrier far out into the Pacific Ocean), so Spain is planning to double the height of the border fences to six metres (20 feet).
		Same for the higher Spanish fences: as a local aid worker said, it is like “putting fences in the sea” Except that this pose of helplessness is a steaming heap of nonsense.
	www.newvision.co.ug /D/8/20/459781 (885 words)

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