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Topic: Chaco Canyon

	Ancient Observatories: Chaco Canyon
		Chaco Canyon is a shallow, ten-mile canyon situated in the northwest corner of New Mexico.
		At an elevation of 6,200 feet, Chaco is a high desert, sun-scorched in the summer and bitterly cold in the winter.
		Chaco Canyon continues to be of great interest to those who study ancient cultures, including archeoastronomers.
	www.exploratorium.edu /chaco/HTML/canyon.html (657 words)

	Chaco Canyon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Chaco Canyon is perhaps the largest and most complex prehistoric site in the United States.
		The canyon was inhabited from the 9th century, and was unaccountably abandoned at the end of the 13th.
		Chaco Canyon is also the site of a remarkable solstice marker, located atop Fajada Butte in the main canyon.
	www.stmoroky.com /recreate/canyon/chaco.htm (667 words)

	Road Scholar's Journal
		And a loop route circling the Chaco Wash. It is the necklace on which the beads are dead cities: large pueblos from the classic or Bonito Phase of a remarkable culture.
		Chaco Canyon National Monument was established in 1907, and later renamed with its present designation.
		This activity culminated in the highest achievements of Anasazi architecture in the 11th century A.D. Chaco Canyon was now the cosmic and socio-religious center for a large 25,000- square-mile area in the San Juan Basin.
	www.swcp.com /~schelby/cha.htm (2215 words)

	Collapse: Chaco Canyon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Chaco Canyon was the center of Anasazi civilization, its many large pueblos probably serving as administrative and ceremonial centers for a widespread population.
		Pueblo Bonito, one of the largest of the Chaco Canyon pueblos, is a good example of how the Anasazi lived.
		From the twelfth to the thirteenth centuries, many of the pueblos in Chaco Canyon were abandoned.
	www.learner.org /exhibits/collapse/chacocanyon.html (577 words)

	Land Use History of the Colorado Plateau-Chaco Canyon, New Mexico (part 2 of 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The forests in the vicinity of the canyon were soon gone, and even today there exist only isolated stands of conifers in the region.
		The entire design of the Chaco Canyon village seems to have been planned; the Great Houses were constructed with careful symmetry and many were aligned with the cardinal directions and the solstices.
		As there were no permanent streams in Chaco Canyon and the periodic torrents down the central wash were too unpredictable and difficult to control, the prehistoric farmers devised a system of techniques to channel runoff from mesa tops.
	www.cpluhna.nau.edu /Places/chaco_canyon2.htm (815 words)

	Chaco Culture National Historical Park: Description, Natural History - DesertUSA
		Chaco Culture National Historical Park is lies in a long, shallow canyon that is centrally located within the San Juan Basin of northwestern New Mexico.
		Chaco may have been a distribution center for food and resources in response to the region's highly variable climate and growing populations.
		Chaco Canyon National Monument was created by legislation on March 11, 1907, under the auspices of the 1906 Antiquities Act.
	www.desertusa.com /chaco/chaco_des.html (957 words)

	National Park Service's World Heritage Sites: Chaco Culture National Historic Park, New Mexico (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Chaco Culture preserves a very special chapter in human history and is comprised of several sites - Chaco Culture National Historical Park, Aztec Ruins National Monument and five units administered by the Bureau of Land Management: Twin Angels, Casamero, Kin Nizhoni, Pierre's Site, and Halfway House.
		Chaco is remarkable for its monumental public and ceremonial buildings and its distinctive architecture.
		Chaco was connected to over 150 communities throughout the region by engineered roads and a shared vision of the world.
	www.cr.nps.gov /worldheritage/chaco.htm (228 words)

	Chaco Canyon
		So I read about the canyon, discovered its known history and the many mysteries (why did the population who built these structures choose this place, why did they leave, and where did they go?) that still make it such a compelling place.
		I'm not an expert on the canyon, or the Chaco Culture: there are many books and a couple of excellent TV documentaries about it.
		Among the documentaries, most fascinating is The Mystery of Chaco Canyon, produced by Anna Sofaer and the Solstice Project in 1999, and narrated by Robert Redford.
	www.garygordonproductions.com /chaco2.html (1271 words)

	Kite Aerial Photography - Chaco Canyon Intro
		Pueblo Bonito, in Chaco Canyon, is arguably one of the finest examples of the monumental ruins left behind by the Anasazi (Navaho for "ancient ones" or "ancient enemy").
		Chaco Canyon is home to 13 other major archaeological sites and hundreds of smaller ones in addition to pueblo bonito.
		As with most of the other great houses in the canyon, the layout was the result of several building stages and was not a single construction event.
	arch.ced.berkeley.edu /kap/gallery/gal150.html (452 words)

	The Chaco Meridian
		In February of 1990, I noticed that Big Horn Medicine Wheel, Aztec Pueblo, the Pueblos of Chaco Canyon, and the Mimbres Valley are all situated on an approximate north-south line near the 108th meridian.
		Chaco Canyon and the broader Chacoan sites present a rich array of massive architectural constructs in a context of an extensive, straight-line road complex, fertile ground for continuing study and more refined focus.
		In 1997 Sofaer, writing "The Primary Architecture of the Chacoan Culture: A cosmological expression," demonstrates the role of Puebloan astronomy in the placement of Chaco Canyon Great Houses and the arrangement of outlying pueblos.
	www.jqjacobs.net /southwest/chaco_meridian.html (1105 words)

	chaco culture national historical park
		Chaco Canyon was an important Anasazi (ancient Native American) cultural center from about 900 through 1130 AD.
		Chaco is located in the northwest quadrant of New Mexico, surrounded by Navajo and near Zuni and Hopi reservations.
		If you are knowledgeable about Chaco Canyon or would like to research an aspect of Chaco Canyon and write about it, we invite your contributions to this web page.
	www.chaco.com /park (476 words)

	GORP - Chaco Canyon National Historic Park - Geology
		Chaco Canyon lies near the center of the San Juan Basin of New Mexico, which is near the southeastern edge of the much larger Colorado Plateau.
		The Cretaceous rocks visible today in both Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde were deposited in alternating marine and nonmarine environments as the Western Interior Seaway repeatedly inundated parts of the Four Corners area and then receded.
		The uppermost unit exposed in Chaco Canyon is the Upper Sandstone.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/resource/us_nhp/nm/geo_cc.htm (1200 words)

	Chaco Page One "Mysteries of Chaco"
		At the height of its influence, buildings in the Chaco style were scattered over thousands of square miles of the Four Corners area of the Southwest (where the states of Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona meet; see map, 10K).
		At the center of the Chaco world was Chaco Canyon itself, in the northwest part of what is now New Mexico, where the largest and most important of the ancient towns (pueblos) were located.
		The architects of the ancient Chaco world were the ancestors of the modern Pueblo Indians, known today as the Anasazi (a modern Navajo Indian word translated roughly as "the Ancient Ones").
	www.nmia.com /~jaybird/AANewsletter/ChacoPage1.html (625 words)

	[No title]
		Chaco Canyon was the center of this culture.
		These structures are noted for their planned, symmetric organization, massive core-veneer masonry construction, and numerous great kivas, the large ceremonial chambers of the prehistoric pueblo culture.
		Chaco Canyon served as a major urban center of ancestral Puebloan culture.
	www.lycos.com /info/chaco-canyon--pueblo-bonito.html (507 words)

	Chaco Culture National Historical Park
		Strong evidence shows that Chaco Canyon was the center of culture and religion for the Hisatsinom people.
		Chaco Canyon was the center of Hisatsinom culture from AD 900 to 1100, or from 950 to 1115, or from 850-1120?
		When Chaco Culture reached the height of its glory, what had begun as an agricultural village had become a world trade center, with evidence of connections as far-reaching as the Pacific (seashells), the Great Plains, and what is now Mexico (copper bells and parrot's remains).
	www.ausbcomp.com /redman/chaco_canyon.htm (1153 words)

	Chaco Culture National Historical Park - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chaco Culture National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site hosting the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest.
		The ruins of Chaco Canyon were first written about by the trader Josiah Gregg in 1832, referring to Pueblo Bonito as "built of fine-grit sandstone".
		In 1949, Chaco Canyon National Monument was expanded with lands deeded from the University of New Mexico.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chaco_Canyon (2899 words)

	Land Use History of the Colorado Plateau-Chaco Canyon, New Mexico (part 1 of 3)
		By almost any standards, Chaco Canyon, in the San Juan Basin of northwestern New Mexico, is a harsh and inhospitable region.
		Yet a thousand years ago Chaco Canyon was the epicenter of the complex Eastern Anasazi culture, associated with as many as 400 nearby and outlying Chacoan Anasazi villages and settlements.
		During the next few centuries, Chaco Canyon was the setting for the development of one of the most complex societies in pre-contact North America, a place of power and wealth, and the center of an architectural and technological revolution that influenced the entire region.
	www.cpluhna.nau.edu /Places/chaco_canyon.htm (613 words)

	Chaco Digital Initiative
		Having stood the test of time, the ruins of Chaco Canyon entered the broader public consciousness in the late nineteenth century as a vivid symbol of the cultural resources of the United States.
		Through generous funding from the Andrew Mellon Foundation, the mission of the Chaco Digital Initiative is to ensure that the early archaeological research records are preserved for and accessible to future generations.
		When completed in 2007, we hope that the Chaco Digital Initiative will continue to place Chaco Canyon at the forefront of preservation efforts in the United States and abroad and serve as a model for the role of new technologies in archaeological scholarship.
	www.chacoarchive.org (527 words)

	North America on the Matrix: Chaco Canyon
		Chaco was a major trading and religious center and was linked by more than 400 miles of wide and well-planned roads to some 75 communities.
		Chaco thrived from about 900 CE through the late 1100s when the site was abandoned, possibly as a result of a prolonged drought or possibly in keeping with religious guidance to move on to new areas.
		As Chaco was declining, Mesa Verde arose to the north.
	www.on-the-matrix.com /north_america/ChacoCanyon.asp (383 words)

	The Mystery of Chaco Canyon \| Bullfrog Films
		The film challenges the notion that Chaco Canyon was primarily a trade and redistribution center.
		The Mystery of Chaco Canyon interweaves a narrative that is both attentive to indigenous thought and values, and robustly grounded in the rigors of scientific method.
		The Sun Dagger: The astonishing discovery of an ancient celestial calendar in Chaco Canyon, NM.
	www.bullfrogfilms.com /catalog/mocc.html (988 words)

	Chaco Canyon Anasazi
		At Chaco Canyon and elsewhere C.E. 850-1275, approximately 40-60% of the space is in round rooms, causing Chaco Canyon to be interpreted as a major religious center.
		The Chaco Canyon Anasazi were, according to archaeological evidence available today, a mix of a few Mesoamericans who intermarried with the local indigenous population.
		The Chaco Canyon Anasazi brought with them the ancient knowledge of the Mesoamericans on how to find and exploit natural sources of soluble nitrates (fertilizer) which caused a “green revolution” or more accurately, a “golden revolution” in food production, primarily corn production.
	www.canyonsworldwide.com /chacoCanyon/p3.htm (1222 words)

	Chaco Canyon Journal
		As we drove toward Chaco Canyon we felt that we had made a good choice for an alternative destination to the Ute Mountain Tribal Park.
		Chaco Canyon was the heart of the culture for the Ancient Puebloans and what they left behind is magnificent.
		The Chaco complex is so large that even after spending 3 days exploring, we still had not seen everything.
	www.questconnect.org /sw_Chaco_Canyon.htm (576 words)

	Chaco Canyon Home Page (mjh)
		Chaco Canyon was the center of the Anasazi world.
		Chaco Canyon is 150 miles northwest of Albuquerque, New Mexico -- that's about 3 hours driving time (the last 20+ miles are dirt road).
		See also: Ah, Wilderness!: The Roads to Chaco Canyon for a description and map of the dirt roads into Chaco Canyon (on my blog).
	www.mjhinton.com /chaco (365 words)

	Chaco Culture National Historical Park - DesertUSA
		Chaco Culture National Historical Park preserves one of America's richest and most facinating cultural and historic areas.
		In Chaco Canyon, a desert valley in northwestern New Mexico, between the early AD 800s and the late 1200s, the Anasazi created a civilization whose architecture, social organization and community life reflected a high degree of sophistication.
		A central settlement, Chaco, was a major center of ancestral Puebloan culture connected with approximately 75 outlaying communities.
	www.desertusa.com /chaco/index.html (589 words)

	Chaco Canyon
		Chaco Canyon, located in northwest New Mexico, presents a complex puzzle of life at those times—not simply a collection of towns where people engaged in everyday routine, but perhaps an intricate web of sacred/ceremonial sites revered by the Anasazi.
		Of note at Chaco Canyon is the presence of pottery styles and materials from outlier sites, suggesting that Chaco great houses like Pueblo Bonita were a destination for pilgrims.
		Of particular note is the Great Northern Road, which extends for 30 miles from Chaco Canyon, maintaining a bearing within 1-2 degrees of true north, and with segments featuring two or four parallel roads.
	home.earthlink.net /~cjsteinberg/PhotoJournals/PopUp_ChacoCanyon.html (1078 words)

	New Mexico trip, Chaco Canyon tour, Acoma Pueblo
		Today, Chaco Canyon is quiet, isolated in a remote corner of New Mexico.
		Chaco was at its peak about 1000 AD, yet was abandoned by 1200.
		Chaco was center of a far-reaching road network, with well-engineered roads (up to 30' wide, though they had no wheeled vehicles), radiating from the valley in perfectly straight lines.
	www.adventurouswench.com /trip-sf-chaco.htm (203 words)

	MESOAMERICAN THEMES AND CHACO CANYON
		Since the late nineteenth century, archaeologists have acknowledged the presence of items of Mexican origin in Chaco Canyon; the explanations of how these items were transported and their implications for social organization, however, have differed over time.
		Between A.D. 900 and 1050, architectural styles were introduced as merchants settled in Chaco; after A.D. 1050 a major cultural implosion (due to the presence of families and missionaries) brought numerous artifacts (macaws, copper bells, etc.) from the south.
		In Archeological Surveys of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico by A. Hayes D. Brugge, and W. Judge, pp 1-68.
	www.colorado.edu /Conferences/chaco/mesomod.htm (2238 words)

	Anasazi Indian Southwest Chaco Canyon Pueblo Culture Pictures Map
		The area west and north of Chaco Canyon had two wet seasons, rain in the summer and rain or snow in the winter; to the south and southeast, there was a single rainy season in the middle to late summer (Walker).
		The people of Chaco Canyon were perfectly situated to carry on an extensive corn trade between the two regions.
		The unraveling of the Chaco society began with a drought in 1130 A.D. Lack of rain depleted the storehouses, and made the farmers question the power of the Chaco priests.
	www.thefurtrapper.com /anasazi.htm (2849 words)

	Chaco Canyon New Mexico. The Center of the Anasazi Culture
		Chaco Canyon, for all its beauty, seems a very strange place for the Anasazi to thrive.
		The Anasazi of Chaco Canyon were so far advanced, their ruins are compareable to the Aztecs of Mexico.
		By AD 1000 Chaco was the political and economic center of the Chaco Plateau.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/rothko/140/chaco.html (897 words)

	The Solstice Project - Lunar Markings on Fajada Butte, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico
		Fajada Butte (Figure 1) rises to a height of 135 m in Chaco Canyon, an arid valley of 13 km in northwest New Mexico, that was the center of a complex society of precolumbian culture.
		At Chaco Canyon the monthly declination cycle causes the azimuth of moonrise to vary from 67º to 113º near a time of minor standstill.
		A scholar of Chaco's agrarian prehistory (Truell 1981) found nothing significant in the dates when the sun reaches declination +18.4º, and weather patterns of Chaco do not indicate these dates as consistent times of rain or other climatic events.
	www.solsticeproject.org /lunarmark.htm (2376 words)

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