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	Chad (paper) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chads are paper particles created when holes are made in a computer punched tape or punch card.
		Chads were made famous in the highly contentious 2000 presidential election in the United States, where a majority in the U.S. Electoral College was determined in Florida by the counting of punch card ballots.
		The term "chad" was originally used as a mass noun, similar to "sand": "chad" meant "a pile of paper debris", and the individual paper piece might be called "a piece of chad".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chad_(paper) (443 words)

	chad - definition by dict.die.net
		Note however that in the revived mainstream usage chad is not a mass noun and `a chad' is a single piece of the stuff.
		Chad Introduction Chad ----------------- Background: Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of ethnic warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990.
		Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its land-locked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability.
	dict.die.net /chad (799 words)

	Term Papers 2000, Term papers, 060618
		The paper states that the research design criteria are to define critical links between parental alcohol or other drug problem and teenagers maltreatment, to identify the areas of cross-training professionals in the recognition and treatment of both problems and to discover prevention services.
		This paper examines several select aspects of Naples, Italy from the period of the 14th through the 18th centuries in which a secularization of thought was seen.
		The paper concludes with the author's own opinions as to how physicians instigated the movement away from religious dependence in Naples, stating that it was artists who brought the movement to fruition.
	www.termpapers2000.com /lib/essay?A=type1&KEYW=Chad+and+Kenya (3788 words)

	Douglas W. Jones's chad page
		An individual punching from paper or cardstock is a piece of chad, as with a grain of wheat or a flake of chaff.
		Because of this, most attempts to create pregnant chad led to clean punches, and only when extreme care was taken to limit the stroke of the punching stylus, for example, by holding it with one fingertip resting on the guard sheet while punching, was it possible to create an example of pregnant chad.
		At 11 to 12 ounces, the chad remained bent enough that light was visible around the edges; the force required to bend the chad this far was higher when the stylus was slightly off to the side of the rectangle of chad.
	www.cs.uiowa.edu /~jones/cards/chad.html (4866 words)

	The Electric New Paper
		The paper also declared, jokingly, that St Chad would be the perfect patron saint of disputed elections.
		In 665, Wilfrid, the Abbot of Ripon, was summoned to be consecrated as the Bishop of Northumbria.
		According to St Chad's website, the Archbishop was so moved by St Chad's reply that he completed his consecration anyway and St Chad was sent in the same year to become the Bishop of Lichfield where his parish still remains today.
	www.saintchads.org.uk /asiaone.htm (440 words)

	Chad Jarvis Photography Albumen Paper
		Lightweight papers (stationery stock or slightly heavier papers) are better for producing albumen (or other POP) prints than heavier stocks, but the paper must be sufficiently sized to endure prolonged wetting and should contain no impurities which could stain or otherwise contaminate the emulsion.
		At the end of the paper lift the rod slightly from the surface of the paper, and swipe it across the paper in the opposite direction.
		The paper may be air-dried or blown dry while taped to the glass or may be carefully removed from the glass and hung to dry.
	www.chadjarvis.com /albumen.html (2256 words)

	Talk:Punch card - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I suspect that the references to "chad" in connection with the 2000 election problems in Florida may result from the fact that older news reporters are more familiar with the TTY term, as TTY equipment was used to receive wire-service newsfeeds, often relayed by means of paper tape.
		There is a discussion of etymology in the article on chad (paper).
		I was concerned the wording gave the impression that chad was only used in connection with punch cards after 2000, which is not the case.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Punch_card (1914 words)

	Don't Back Down
		According to the paper, he was identified by his face, scars and tattoos.
		If that's not enough, perhaps his organization, instead of complaining about the fact that others are apparently not doing enough, should get on with financing some of their own blockbusters that can further the cause that they seek to promote.
		It uses the Technorati API, and calculates the value of your blog, based on the value of links, according to the AOL purchase of Weblogs, Inc. in October of 2005.
	jayseae.cxliv.org (4385 words)

	NationMaster - Statistics on Chad. 957 facts and figures, stats and information on Chadian economy, crime, people, ...
		Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990.
		The government eventually suppressed or came to terms with most political-military groups, settled a territorial dispute with Libya on terms favorable to Chad, drafted a democratic constitution, and held multiparty presidential elections in 1996 and 1997.
		In 1998, a new rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which sporadically flares up despite two peace agreements signed in 2002 and 2003 between the government and the rebels.
	www.nationmaster.com /country/cd (275 words)

	BBC News \| C-D \| Chad
		A chad is the tiny piece of paper punched out of a ballot when a vote is cast, and in the wake of the disputed results became the most discussed word of the 2000 presidential election.
		But tens of thousands of ballot papers in Florida were discarded by the automatic counters because they were not properly punched through.
		Hanging chad - where the little bit of paper is attached to the ballot by one corner.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/in_depth/americas/2000/us_elections/glossary/c-d/1037008.stm (382 words)

	Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper--Chad
		An analysis of the situation based on the gender of the head of household shows that in general, in urban areas the proportion of poor families is highest among female-headed households, varying from 44 percent in N’djamena to 67 percent in Sarh.
		However, Chad will continue to have recourse to financial assistance from its external partners, both to finance a large portion of its public investment and to cover its exceptional financing needs, which are estimated at CFAF 96 billion for the period 2000-2002.
		Papers written by secondary school students for the competition launched in October 1999 by the Minister of Education and the UNDP will provide further input for the research.
	www.imf.org /external/NP/prsp/2000/tcd/01 (11389 words)

	CHAD SOLVES A MYSTERY-SORT OF
		The paper had moist edges and appeared to have been nibbled lightly.
		The paper trail skirted the water cooler, looped around and led to a closet.
		That was the end of that, because Chad decided to never think about that armadillo, or any other armadillo, ever again, and he didn’t.
	www.skyglass.com /gayle/chadst.htm (251 words)

	Chad maps from Omnimap.com, world leader in map supply.
		Chad maps from Omnimap.com, world leader in map supply.
		Chad Basin 1:50,000 Topographic Maps by the Ordnance Survey.
		Chad 1:200,000 Topographic Maps by the Soviet military.
	www.omnimap.com /catalog/int/chad.htm (250 words)

	Tale of two chads
		Chad is the small circle-shaped bit thrown up by a sheet of paper when it is punched.
		Many of them apparently make such a poor job of it that the paper is not punched through properly leaving a clear hole against the name they vote for.
		When the paper is not fully punched, it leaves bits of chad hanging or still clinging to the ballot paper; sometimes there is only a bulge where the paper had been pressed but not firmly punched.
	www.thehindubusinessline.com /2000/12/08/stories/040855of.htm (504 words)

	JURIST - Paper Chase: Chad votes on constitutional term limits for president (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Wes Rist at 1:43 PM ET [JURIST] Voters in Chad went to the polls Monday to decide whether the current limitation of two terms on the country's president should be removed from Chad's constitution [text in French].
		The referendum is being held in response to a bill passed by the Chad Parliament that will remove all term limits from the constitution if approval is obtained from a national referendum.
		Opposition parties in Chad [government website in French] have called on citizens to boycott the referendum and ensure that Chad doesn't become a monarchy, with Deby at its head.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /paperchase/2005/06/chad-votes-on-constitutional-term.php (384 words)

	Interchange Conference Transcript
		The paper did not seem to flow too well, and it was a little jumbled, but not too bad.
		Chad, your paper was easy to follow, read, and understand; but your conclusion seems to be repeating, you might want to consider revising that.
		I definetly liked your paper as a whole but I found your conclusion rushed and well I didn''t really see a conclusion until your end sentence that tried to take on the role of wrapping everything in your paper, but your paper flowed well and was very informative.
	www.spsu.edu /htc/reichert/Workshop205.htm (10262 words)

	Voting: When low-tech beats high-tech
		A local election board worker recorded the number of your paper ballot next to your name and handed you the ballot, which you took into a both screened by a curtain (yes, the secrecy of your vote was a big thing in those days).
		And when the chad hung, the vote might or might not be properly counted by the tabulation equipment—i.e., if the chad didn’t foul up the machine.
		Okay, you say, we still have those expensive pieces of paper the votes were cast on to audit the tally.
	onlinejournal.com /evoting/062504Conover/062504conover.html (1058 words)

	Chad-Cameroon Pipeline Case Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This paper was an initial step in identifying and clarifying the Chad's economic and social policy decisions related to poverty reduction.
		This paper is produced by the country's authorities and external parties such as the IMF, World Bank and domestic and international shareholders.
		Chad's revenues from the pipeline project are intended to reduce poverty and aid the country's poorest citizens.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/sipa/martin/chad-cam/maj_theme01.html (2414 words)

	Current Columns
		"Chads," of course, are the tiny bits of confetti-like material that are punched (or not) out of the punch-cards used as ballots in many polling places (including mine) in the US.
		The problem with chads, as I'm sure the average family dog can tell you by now, is that chads, if not detached completely, can cause Dan Rather to start babbling about cafeteria jello and tight swimsuits.
		The simplest is that "chad" is simply a mutation of "chaff," the husks of corn or other grains (also used, as you note, as a term for the metallic confetti sometimes dropped by military aircraft to confuse enemy radar).
	www.word-detective.com /112700.html (4214 words)

	About the bloody paper
		Chad’s handling and channeling of these emotions determines the success or failure of the session.
		Chad wants to assuage the writer’s feelings but must be sure not to succumb by either joining in bashing the professor or, on the opposite end, aligning entirely with the professor (Ryan 1-3).
		Now Chad is in a terrible situation and the integrity of the writing center in question.
	writing2.richmond.edu /training/tough/bloody/aboutbloody.html (832 words)

	Paper Napkin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Unlike most airports where passengers on any airline are greeted by similar amenities, passengers who fly American or its partners into San Jose are treated to a modern terminal with jetways, a parking garage, and up-to-date concourse facilities.
		Those who fly virtually any other air carrier (United in particular) are sucked into a rift in the time-space continuum placing them firmly in the late 1960s.
		Visit the Aspen/Pitkin County Airport for a complete downplayed yet upscale flying experience that is reminiscent of a roller coaster at a large amusement park.
	hwaet.typepad.com /papernapkin (367 words)

	The perfect match
		Chad wants to walk to his brother's room as soon as he wakes up.
		"Chad can't tell us how he feels," Juli says, but relates that one of her brothers said he "felt like he got hit by a truck after he donated marrow for our sister.
		Cameron flourishes with Chad's marrow, which enables the younger brother to produce new red and white blood cells and platelets.
	www.freenewmexican.com /news/9062.html (1468 words)

	JURIST - Paper Chase: European Parliament urges trial of ex-Chad leader (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Hissene Habre is facing charges of crimes against humanity committed by his regime during his 1982-1990 rule of Chad.
		Paper Chase is JURIST's real-time legal news weblog, powered by a team of 20 law student reporters and editors led by law professor Bernard Hibbitts at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law.
		As an educational service, Paper Chase is dedicated to presenting important legal news and materials rapidly, objectively and intelligibly in an accessible, ad-free format.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /paperchase/2006/03/european-parliament-urges-trial-of-ex.php (304 words)

	Chad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is physically impossible for a person to punch a stylus fully into the hole in the Vote-o-matic without breaking at least two of the four corners off a chad.
		Given that the instructions on the machine very clearly state that the stylus must be pushed all the way down, and includes a picture of the correct operation, and given that the strength required is not unreasonable, anyone who fails to do so cannot possibly be reasonably deemed to have voted.
		While there may conceivably be some question regarding swinging chads, I think it very unlikely given the design of the machine that such things were an issue, at least on legitimately-cast ballots.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/983221/posts (1940 words)

	Arch City Chronicle: Blog: No more "chad" jokes
		It could be tailored to meet the needs of blind or disabled voters, eliminates problems with punch-card systems, provides assurance to the voter that their vote is accurate, and it still keeps people in the system.
		You see, the system that the City purchased has a paper trail: there is a paper ballot if you vote by optical scan and there is a paper record if you vote on the touchscreen.
		In any event, as long as there is some kind of a paper trail to allow for hand recounts when necessary, we should be in pretty much the same situation as we are with the punchcard ballots.
	www.archcitychronicle.com /archives/001358.php (2949 words)

	SSRN-Antidumping and Retaliation Threats by Bruce Blonigen, Chad Bown
		This paper examines how the prospect of foreign retaliation affects the antidumping (AD) process in the United States.
		We separate the capacity for retaliation into two channels: (i) the capacity for foreign government retaliation under the dispute settlement procedures of the GATT/WTO system, and (ii) the capacity for foreign industry retaliation through reciprocal claims of dumping and the foreign pursuit of AD duties in countries with AD regimes.
		If your organization is an NBER Corporate Associate, or a subscriber to the full NBER paper series, or you are an individual residing in a non-OECD developing nation you may download this paper without charge.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=289325 (395 words)

	Word Spy - chad
		The perforated strips of computer paper, after they have been separated from a printout.
		The basic rule is that a ballot with a pregnant (or dimpled) chad is not counted, but a ballot with a hanging chad, swinging chad, or tri-chad is counted.
		Some of the controversy lay in the fact that in most cases ballots with the latter three chad types would not have been counted by the machine method because the attached chad would likely block the hole when the card was fed through.
	www.wordspy.com /words/chad.asp (316 words)

	www.myspace.com/paperroute
		Chad Howat & friends...Andy Smith, JT Daly, Betsy Roo, Kate York, Tyler James, Bill Caywood and hopefully more in the future...
		PAPER ROUTE:://:: (as told by Chad Howat) I was tired.
		Paper Route is exactly the contribution music needs.
	www.myspace.com /paperroute (976 words)

	POP Paper - Large Format Photography Forum
		Since trying to get Azo paper seems like a lot trouble to get in 11x14 sizes without buying more than you will ever need in you r lifetime, this seems like a good way to go for 8x10 contacts with a good sized border.
		John, This paper is a printing out paper so the process is very different from Azo.
		The paper is doubleweight with a thick emulsion.
	www.largeformatphotography.info /forum/showthread.php?t=5680 (884 words)

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