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Topic: Chaetae

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	The Earthworm - Chaetae
		Chaetae are present on every segment, except the first and last, and are embedded in chaetigerous sacs, which are ingrowths of the epidermis, each chaeta being secreted by a single cell at the base of the sac.
		Chaetae are involved in the locomotion of the worm and this can be illustrated by allowing a worm to move over a piece of rough paper and then a sheet of glass.
		The ordinary chaetae are elongated bright yellow objects, rather fusiform in shape with the thickest portion in the middle.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artfeb01/mmchaetae.html (954 words)

	Untitled
		Chaetae are small chitinous bristles emerging from pores in the integument on the ventral half of the worm.
		The chaetae are used as anchors when burrowing to hold parts of the worm against so that elongation of the animal results in controlled, usually forward, motion.
		The chaetae are retractile and they may be withdrawn in some, or even all, of the segments of the worm.
	genuslumbricus.freeservers.com (1474 words)

	AUUBC/AUAC 2004 ABSTRACTS
		Morphological analysis of chaetae and chaetal sacs of the fifth chaetiger in the intertidal polydorids Boccardia proboscidea and Polydora cornuta (Polychaeta)
		Chaetae form the basis for polychaete taxonomy but their ultrastructure and development is poorly known.
		These similarities suggest that the chaetae are formed in a similar fashion and that differences in chaetal morphology arise from variation among chaetoblasts in shaping of microvillar canals within each spine.
	discovery.uccb.ns.ca /auubc2004/abstracts/indexall.php?id=P57 (299 words)

	Checklist of the Collembola: Key to the species of Folsomides, partim Ibero-balearic
		Dens with 2 dorsal chaetae and 1 ventro-apical chaeta; eye with 5 + 5 corneola; microsensillae 11/111; retinacle with 3 + 3 teeth and 1 chaeta on corpus......................
		Dens with 3 dorsal chaetae and 1 ventro-apical chaeta; microsensillae 10/001...............................
		Dens with 1 ventro-apical chaeta and with 4-6 dorsal chaetae....
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Lab/1300/key/folsomid.htm (252 words)

	BRACHIOPODA - LoveToKnow Article on BRACHIOPODA
		The chaetae drop off, and the lophophore is believed to arise from thickenings which appear in the dorsal mantle lobe.
		By this time the eyes have disappeared, the four bundles of chaetae have dropped off, and the lophophore has begun to appear as an outgrowth of the dorsal mantle lobe.
		The protegulum has been found in members of almost all the families of Brachiopod, and it is thought to occur throughout the group.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BR/BRACHIOPODA.htm (1864 words)

	Lumbricus Laboratory Exercise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Because the chaetae are sometimes used as landmarks to describe the position of other structures, it is useful that they be given names.
		The four chaetae of each side of the segment are designated with the names chaeta a, chaeta b, chaeta c, and chaeta d moving from ventral to dorsal (Fig 6).
		Chaetae in some segments associated with reproduction may be reduced in size and the associated tissue modified for secretion.
	www.lander.edu /rsfox/310lumbricusLab.html (6102 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		By running the tip of the finger forward over the ventral surface of the body, thin bristles, chaetae, may be felt.
		Two sperm grooves run between the inner and outer rows of chaetae from the clitellum to the sperm duct openings.
		Seminal receptacle openings (in grooves between 9 and 10, and 10 and 11) are small slit-like apertures in line with the lateral row of chaetae.
	www.d91.k12.id.us /www/skyline/teachers/robertsd/z-worm.htm (1109 words)

	BIOSI: BioLine Publications: Polychaete Research 17.4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		These are primarily compound chaetae, but they are accompanied by single simple chaetae in the dorsalmost and ventralmost positions in the chaetal fascicle in more posterior segments, and are occasionally replaced by specialised simple chaetae in mid-body segments in species such as S.
		The segment at which these simple chaetae first appear (the dorsal simple chaetae begin on a more anterior segment than the simple ventral chaetae) may be important, but the influence of stolonisation and subsequent posterior regeneration should be borne in mind.
		In some species, chaetae with long spiniger-like blades may be present, one or two per parapodium and with blades distinctly longer than those of the other compound chaetae in the parapodium.
	www.cf.ac.uk /biosi/associates/bioline/poly4.html (5182 words)

	Amphichaeta leydigi Tauber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The dorsal needle chaetae begin on segment 3, which has normally has 5 chaetae, followed by 2 chaetae on segment 4.
		The pharynx is elongate creating a gap between the chaetae on segments 3 and 4.
		The ventral chaetae on segments 3 and 4 are directed backwards.
	www.esg.montana.edu /dlg/aim/annelid/ampley.html (61 words)

	Glossary of Polychaete terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Compound chaeta with articulation clearly oblique to the long axis of the shaft.
		Chaeta with a stout shaft tapering to a slender tip; intermediate between a capillary and an uncinus.
		Deeply embedded chaeta with only its expanded multidentate head protruding from the body wall; usually arranged in rows transverse to the long axis of the animal.
	biodiversity.uno.edu /~worms/glos-tb.html (2507 words)

	Lumbriculus variegatus
		There are four pairs of chaetae in a typical body segment of Lumbriculus and these are positioned laterally and ventrally, very similar to the pattern seen in the common earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris.
		When the worm is crawling, chaetae are protruded in those segments that are undergoing shortening and thickening due to longitudinal muscle contraction.
		In contrast, chaetae are retracted in segments that are undergoing elongation and thinning due to circular muscle contraction.
	www.eeob.iastate.edu /faculty/DrewesC/htdocs/Lvgen4.htm (2234 words)

	Checklist of the Collembola: Key to the species of Anurida
		Sensilla p3 on second and third thoracic segment level with or posterior to chaeta p4..........................
		Fourth to fifth abdominal segment with a3 chaeta........
		Second and third thoracic segment in front of p3-p4 with one chaeta of a-row, a4............................
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/lab/1300/key/anurida.htm (525 words)

	Characteristics of Annelida: Plesiomorphies and Other Features
		Chaetae are also cuticular structures, but contain large amounts of chitin.
		Parapodia are equipped with musculature derived mainly from the circular muscle layer and usually carry chaetae.
		In addition to bundles of chaetae, noto- and neuropodia can also have a variety of cirri and gills.
	tolweb.org /accessory/Characteristics_of_Annelida?acc_id=57 (1080 words)

	Nais pardalis Piguet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The dorsal needle chaetae are bifid, number only 1 or 2 and they are straighter than the ventral chaetae.
		The ventral chaetae on 2 to 5 are longer and dissimilar to those on segment 6.
		Some ventral chaetae from 6 with distal tooth longer than the proximal tooth, but not so thick and bent back as Nais bretscheri.
	www.esg.montana.edu /dlg/aim/annelid/naipar.html (66 words)

	Annelida
		Representatives of this lineage are characterized by having internal supporting chaetae, or aciculae, in the parapodia.
		Chaetae show a huge amount of variation, from long thin filaments (capillary chaetae) to stout multi-pronged hooks (Fig.
		The position of Brachiopoda is controversial (Lüter, 2000b; Lüter and Bartolomaeus, 1997; Stechmann and Schlegel, 1999) and the homology of their chaetae with those of annelids is unresolved (Lüter, 2000a).
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Annelida&contgroup=Bilateria (2565 words)

	Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The anterior dorsal bundles have 1 or 2 hairs and 2 to 3 pectinate chaetae with long, parallel teeth.
		The dorsal chaetae in 8 and 9 have the distal tooth twice the length of the proximal tooth.
		The 2 to 5 penial chaetae are simple pointed and blunt with curved tips and arranged in a fan-shaped bundle.
	www.esg.montana.edu /dlg/aim/annelid/rhysod.html (131 words)

	[No title]
		Articulatia is characterized by possessing notopodia from segment 5, neuropodia from segment 5-6.
		From segment 11 onwards two types of notochaetae are present, articulated chaetae as well as capillary chaetae, both types have serrated blades.
		The presence of articulated chaetae is unique among all previously described terebellomorph polychaetes.
	www.uam.es /otros/viii-ipc/Articulatia.doc (80 words)

	Worms: Annelid Worms: Oligochaetes. Text with photomicrographs.
		This class includes a wide variety of worms, primarily freshwater and terrestrial in habitat, with giant earthworms having pigmented bodies and few chaetae at one end of the scale, and tiny colourless aquatic worms with pronounced chaetae at the other.
		Prominent chaetae can be seen along the length of the body marking the division between segments.
		Stylaria has prominent eyespots, and part of the head (the prostomium) is extended to form a long proboscis, a characteristic feature of this genus.
	www.micrographia.com /specbiol/helmint/annelhom/olig0100.htm (555 words)

	How To Describe A Eunicid
		Note that chaetae are fragile; care must be taken in processing the samples.
		Examination of the jaws is essential to the taxonomy of this group of animals.
		As for the chaetae, the jaws of small transparent animals may be viewed in a whole mount.
	www.nhm.ac.uk /research-curation/projects/taxinfo/help/howtoen.htm (615 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		There is little evidence to justify this placement and recent research indicates that both oligochaetes and leeches should be retained in the phylum Annelida with the Polychaetes (sandworms) (Davies and Govedich, 2001; Govedich, 2001; Zrzavy et al.
		Unlike other annelids, true leeches as a group lack chaetae (bristles or hairs) and have a fixed number (32) of postoral somites or segments.
		They also have small hairs or chaetae that are used to attach to a substrate and for locomotion.
	www.invertebrate.ws /leech/intro.htm (844 words)

	[No title]
		The sternopleural chaetae are situated on the sides of the fly between the first and second pairs of legs and consist of a triangle of usually three large chaetae plus a row of smaller chaetae running ventrally, as shown in the diagram.
		The number of chaetae recorded from a fly is the sum of the chaetae (the large ones and those in the row) from both sides as there is often a slight asymmetry.
		Obviously flies with very high or very low chaeta numbers will be rarer than those with chaeta numbers around the mean, and you may have to score some more males before you find a match to your females.
	www.york.ac.uk /depts/biol/web/safety/saf_gso.doc (738 words)

	Checklist: South African Aquatics Springtails (Insects: Collembola)
		Collembola are furnished with chaetae (setae), which can be numerous or sparse, fine or thick, long or short, serrated, ciliated, clavate or smooth.
		The genital aperture is positioned ventrally on abdomen V and consists of a transverse slit in the female and a raised and longitudinal slit in the male; both supplied with either a few, or with numerous short chaetae.
		Juveniles resemble adults and it is sometimes difficult to distinguish either on size or on morphology, although complete adult chaetotaxy and colour gradually develop during the pre-adult instars.
	www.ru.ac.za /academic/departments/zooento/Martin/acollembola.html (3594 words)

	Laevispinereis (Polychaeta, Nereididae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Chaetae include both spiniger and falcigers (Paik 1977).
		There is a discrepancy in the generic diagnosis and the species description concerning falciger chaetae.
		They are said to be present in the generic diagnosis but Paik does not mention them at all in the species description.
	www.ntnu.no /~vmzotbak/polychaeta/nereididae/nereidinae/periserrula.htm (145 words)

	Evolution of regeneration and fission in annelids: insights from engrailed- and orthodenticle-class gene expression -- ...
		Trunk segments bear bristle-like projections called chaetae (dc, dorsal chaetae; vc, ventral chaetae), which occur in paired dorsolateral and ventrolateral bundles roughly in the middle of each segment.
		The prostomium (pr) is the asegmental tissue in front of the mouth (greatly elongated in Pristina), the peristomium (pe) is the asegmental tissue around the mouth and the pygidium (py) is the posterior asegmental cap of tissue.
		The ventral expression is localized primarily to the ventral nerve cord.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/figsonly/128/14/2781 (1387 words)

	Earthworms (The Oligochaeta)
		In terms of diet, the smaller species are often predatory while the larger species are soil or mud feeders.
		The 'Oligo' in Oligochaeta means 'few' just as the 'Poly' in Polychaeta means many, thus the Oligochaeta are the animals with few chaetae, or few bristles.
		Normally, as in the common earthworms, Oligochaetes have 8 small chaetae per body segment.
	www.earthlife.net /inverts/oligochaeta.html (3003 words)

	Systematics of the Annelida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Annelids with a clitellum (a swelling towards the head of the animal, where the gonads are located) are classified in the Clitellata, which is further divided into Hirudinea (leeches) and Oligochaeta (including the earthworms).
		The Polychaeta lack a clitellum and have parapodia, paddle-like appendages with numerous bristles or chaetae.
		They are a still a poorly known group; some of them may be close to the ancestors of all annelids, but others are probably secondarily derived from polychaete ancestors.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /annelida/annelidasy.html (210 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: Windows to the Deep
		We knew immediately that they were polychaete worms, because polychaetes are defined by the presence of paired parapodia or “feet” running down the sides of the animal, one parapodium or foot per segment.
		Emerging from the parapodia are bristle-like chaetae that give polychaetes their common name of bristle worms.
		Representatives in the group are found in the Gulf of Mexico as well as off the coast of Japan, and they are known from depths of about 100 m to almost 6000 m.
	oceanexplorer.noaa.gov /explorations/03windows/logs/jul28/jul28.html (1201 words)

	Genetic requirements of vestigial in the regulation of Drosophila wing development -- Baena-López and ...
		chaetae in a `salt and pepper' distribution (Fig.
		Notice that in the outgrowth chaetae characteristic of the leg appear mixed with wing blade trichomes in a `salt and pepper' distribution.
		The inset shows the differences between wing blade trichomes of the clone (red arrowhead) and leg trichomes outside the clone (fl arrowhead).
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/130/1/197 (7336 words)

	Parapodia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		See How to Edit and Style and How-to for help, or this article's talk page.
		Parapodia ("almost feet") are paired lateral outgrowths, bearing bristles known as chaetae.
		This page was last modified 01:49, 11 August 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parapodia (89 words)

	MATERIALS
		15) Find the chaetae, or bristles, that are present in each segment.
		Describe the position of the chaetae when segments are increasing in diameter.
		Describe chaetae position when segments are constricting in diameter.
	www.eeob.iastate.edu /faculty/DrewesC/htdocs/FLATTUBE.htm (1373 words)

	IB 117(4)
		They are attached to the body by chaetae that either penetrate the egg envelope (Sphaerosyllis hermaphrodita) or are closely apposed to the eggs (Brania sp.
		The chaetae are delicate capillaries packed together in bundles; they originate in epidermal thickenings or sacs situated dorsally and slightly anterior to the dorsal cirri.
		These chaetae are present only in sexually mature animals, and thus are interpreted as epitokous structures, but they are not homologous with the epitokous swimming chaetae situated below the dorsal cirri occurring in several syllids.
	www.invertebratebiology.org /ib1174.htm (2243 words)

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