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Topic: Chaff (radar countermeasure)

	Chaff - Wikipedia Mirror
		Chaff is the seed casings and other parts inedible to humans of plant matter harvested with cereal grains such as wheat.
		The chaff must be separated from the grain before use, by such techniques as threshing and wind winnowing.
		Chaff (radar countermeasure) is a technique in which aircraft or other targets spread a cloud of small, thin bits of aluminum or plastic, which appears as a cluster of secondary targets on radar screens.
	www.wiki-mirror.us /index.php/Chaff (183 words)

	Radar attenuating paint - Patent 4606848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		A radar attenuating composition is described for which incident microwave diation is absorbed and/or scattered, causing a significant decrease in retroreflectance of the object to which the composition is applied, that is, a reduction in the radar cross-section of the object.
		The radar attenuating paint composition of the present invention may be used on the surfaces of military targets for the purpose of protecting them; from being detected, located, and/or recognized by radar with frequencies of 5 to 100 GHz and with a finite band width and ranges greater than two kilometers.
		The radar attenuating paint may effectively be placed directly on an electrically conductive substrate, for example, a tank, the resulting attenuation depending on the type of fiber or dipole segment, carbon or graphite being preferred, or it may be placed on a dielectric substrate, such as a soldier's uniform.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4606848.html (3965 words)

	Countermeasure - Wikipedia Mirror
		Countermeasures are most popularly associated with aircraft defense, with examples including metallic foil chaff and to disrupt radar detection, decoy flares to disrupt infrared, and electronic countermeasures to disrupt other targeting and communications systems.
		Novel proposed chaff mechanisms describe the creation of a "threat cloud" by deploying of large alluminized PET film balloon which could conceal a warhead among a large number of inert objects having similar radar profiles.
		In the wake of missile attacks against civilian passenger and cargo airliners in the early 2000's, various agencies investigated the feasibility of equipping countermeasures chaff and flares.
	www.wiki-mirror.be /index.php/Countermeasure (287 words)

	Chaff (radar countermeasure) at AllExperts
		Chaff, also called Window, is a radar countermeasure in which aircraft or other targets spread a cloud of small, thin bits of aluminum or plastic, which either appears as a cluster of secondary targets on radar screens or swamps the screen with multiple returns.
		Examination of the WÃ¼rzburg radar equipment brought back to the UK during Operation Biting and subsequent reconnaissance, revealed to the British that all German radars were operating in no more than three major frequency ranges, and thus were prone to jamming.
		The absence of chaff launchers on the Atlantic Conveyor, whilst used by all other, Royal Naval, ships in the group, may have led to the ship's sinking by Exocet missile - although given the vessel's large radar cross section, it is unlikely that chaff would have been effective.
	en.allexperts.com /e/c/ch/chaff_(radar_countermeasure).htm (970 words)

	Chaff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Chaff is an agricultural term used for the bracts and casings of cereal grain that are harvested along with the grain.
		The bracts and husks are harvested with cereal grains such as rice and wheat and separated from the grain, by such techniques as threshing and wind winnowing.
		The chaff is a byproduct of grain production and is often used for animal feed, while the grain is often made into flour.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Chaff.htm (501 words)

	Chaff comprising metal coated fibers - Patent 4942090
		Chaff comprising chopped composite fibers as defined in claim 1, wherein the core is carbon fiber and the metal coating comprises nickel, silver, lead, zinc, copper, oxides thereof, combinations thereof, or more than one layer of the same or different such metals.
		Chaff according to the present invention is prepared by chopping stands of composite fibers metal coated as described above into lengths designed to effectively reflect impinging radar waves.
		Chaff prepared in accordance with the present invention is highly efficient in comparison with previously known chaff materials because the coating is continuous and of high purity.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4942090.html (4462 words)

	FM 1-113 Appendix G
		The radar and IR signature of utility and cargo helicopters is least when viewed from the front.
		The maximum IR signature is from the rear quadrants, whereas the maximum radar signature is from the side aspects.
		ASE countermeasures assist the aircrew in buying time when masking terrain is not readily available, and the aircraft must maneuver to masking terrain or move outside the threat range.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/policy/army/fm/1-113/AG.HTM (3839 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Chaff, originally called Window by the British, is a radar countermeasure in which aircraft or other targets spread a cloud of small, thin pieces of aluminium, metallised glass fibre or plastic, which either appears as a cluster of secondary targets on radar screens or swamps the screen with multiple returns.
		Modern armed forces use chaff (in naval applications,for instance, using short-range SRBOC rockets) to distract radar-guided missiles from their targets.
		The absence of chaff launchers on the Atlantic Conveyor, while used by all other Royal Navy ships in the group, may have led to the ship's sinking by an Exocet missile â” although given the vessel's large radar cross section, it is unlikely that chaff would have been effective.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Chaff_(radar_countermeasure) (930 words)

	Sippican, Inc. - Offboard Countermeasures and Training Systems
		Chaff decoys are a cost-effective countermeasure to anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCMs) and are a vital part of a ship's layered self-defense program.
		Chaff consists of millions of aluminized glass elements cut to match the frequency of the threat radar to be countered.
		An electronic fuse triggers a separation from the rocket motor, enabling the chaff payload assembly to be deployed through a drogue chute at a predetermined range.
	www.sippican.com /contentmgr/showdetails.php/id/305 (680 words)

	Modern naval tactics - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		radar) can be detected far beyond the range at which it returns a usable result to its user.
		Chaff is also used to confuse AAW operations by creating radar decoys.
		Defensive ECM also uses chaff as well as soids, blip enhancement and jamming of missile terminal homers.
	www.wiki-mirror.us /index.php/Modern_Naval_tactics (3149 words)

	M130 chaff dispenser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Flares or chaff are loaded though the studded end of the payload module, one per chamber, and secured in place by the retaining plate assembly.
		The function of the M130 chaff countermeasure system is to provide an effective airborne countermeasure against enemy infrared missiles and radar controlled weapons thereby reducing an enemy's capability to damage or destroy US Army aircraft.
		To be effective as a radar decoy, the dispensing of chaff must be accompanied with an appropriate aircraft maneuver in accordance with prescribed tactics for the aircraft.
	incolor.inetnebr.com /iceman/pilot12.htm (1010 words)

	chaff - definition by dict.die.net
		By adding chaff to his corn, the horse must take more time to eat it.
		Chaff cutter, a machine for cutting, up straw, etc., into ``chaff'' for the use of cattle.
		Chaff is used as a figure of abortive wickedness (Ps.
	dict.die.net /chaff (196 words)

	MOD:Rylix:Missiles - VsWiki
		The weaknesses of this system is that it can be fooled by chaff, can be jammed by radar jamming, has minuses to targets that have radar stealth, most sensors will pick up the radar beam, and target must be in a direct line with the director (no over the horizon targeting).
		This is normally used to track on radar transmitters but can be used to home in on radio, microwave, and other similar signals as well.
		Chaff are used to reflect electromagnetic energy as a radar countermeasure.
	vegastrike.sourceforge.net /wiki/MOD:Rylix:Missiles (1980 words)

	GLOSSARY C
		CHAFF CORRIDOR - A continuous three-dimensional stratum of CHAFF, laid by aircraft, and from 15 to 50 miles in length.
		CHAFF DECEPTION MISSION - A mission intended to generate an appearance of targets and air activity on radars to induce commitment of forces against non-existent strikes.
		COUNTERMEASURES - That form of military science that by the employment of devices and/or techniques, has as its objective the impairment of the operational effectiveness of enemy activity.
	www.sew-lexicon.com /gloss_c.htm (8149 words)

	M-130 General Purpose Dispenser
		When dispensing chaff, the M-130 allows the aircraft time to maneuver out of the beam of radar used with anti-aircraft weapons.
		The counters indicate the number of flares or chaff cartridges remaining in the payload module assembly.
		The capability to dispense both flare and chaff decoys can be achieved by adding a second dispenser assembly and payload module assembly to the aircraft.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ac/equip/m-130.htm (486 words)

	Team8Plus- a specialized 9/11 research team: Forums / Public forums / Shanksville: A Cloud of Chaff for a Shootdown ...
		I think this confetti rain was a cloud of chaff, put out of a plane just before the shootdown of flight 93 over Indian Lake.
		It's not beyond the realm of possibility that chaff could have been dropped.
		But this picture, heavily laden with image artifacts and the possibility that we are seeing normal reflections from the water surface on a bright sunny morning, will not serve as evidence.
	www.team8plus.org /e107_plugins/forum/forum_viewtopic.php?3152 (474 words)

	Chaff Detected By NWS Radar
		Chaff is a radar countermeasure used by military aircraft consisting of very small pieces of metal such as aluminum.
		It can appear as narrow bands of reflectivity on the radar since they are dispersed by planes flying at high speeds along a path.
		The echos southwest of the radar are roughly 6,000 to 8,000 feet AGL.
	www.crh.noaa.gov /lmk/?n=chaff-jan2006 (259 words)

	Helosim Resources- Hints and Tips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		A third chaff may then be released and successfully spoof the missile making it disappear.
		The range you can be detected is 15% of the radar scan range(check the strategy guide on your Comanche Hokum CD for a table of radar scan ranges).
		Then if there is a nearby airbase and the radars are not too densely packed to maintain stealth, put an extra waypoint on the base, put your radar in single sweep mode and the radar filter to medium.
	members.aol.com /kspraq/siminfo/hintsandtips/comanchehokumhtht.htm (1238 words)

	F/A-91AB Multi-Role Aircraft (International Mall)
		The F/A-91A/B maintains a single electronic countermeasures system (the AFFC/SIRR-12) which is an active radar cancellation system and utilizes a small radar dome underneath the aircraft to locate the incoming radar pulses of a radar-guided missile, it then fires its own radar pulses at a set frequency and size (determined from the missile's radar pulses).
		This system is networked with five panels of radar emitters facing forward, to the right, left, rear, and to the ground and can project the cancellation waves against most radar-emitting sources (it even works on ground radar).
		The secondary portion of this countermeasures suite is its short computer jamming system which can jam radars at their computer core and infrared systems.
	z6.invisionfree.com /International_Mall/ar/t1834.htm (2190 words)

	Radar System Performance Modeling 2e
		It is the first resource to present and explain equations, computation methods and data for modeling radar operation and performance at the system level.
		It is indispensable for military or air traffic system analysts and programmers and modelers for systems employing radars, and a learning tool for junior level radar engineers as well.
		Evaluate the impact of environmental conditions and countermeasures on radar performance, and determine the effects of mitigation techniques.
	www.scitechpub.com /Curry2nd.htm (575 words)

	WikiMiki.net - Anti-ship missile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Novel proposed chaff mechanisms describe the creation of a "threat cloud" by deploying of large metallic Mylar balloon which could conceal a warhead among a large number of inert objects having similar radar profiles.
		Chaff is a radar countermeasure in which aircraft or other targets spread a cloud of small, thin bits of aluminum or plastic, which appears as a cluster of secondary targets on radar screens.
		Examination of the Wuerzburg radar equipment brought back to the UK during Operation Biting and subsequent reconnaissance, revealed to the British that all German radars were operating in no more than three major frequency ranges, and thus were prone to jamming.
	anti.ship.missile.en.wikimiki.net (12132 words)

	Armament
		Several types of ammunition may be fired from the 76-mm, depending on the type of target being fired upon.
		Chaff itself consists of hundreds or even thousands of small metallic strips and debris, designed to create a
		This large radar target is intended to confuse or distract the missile long enough that it will miss the ship.
	www.uscg.mil /lantarea/cutter/thetis/armament.htm (385 words)

	Chaff Development — Exhibitions — HEM-USA
		Countermeasures follow the introduction of a new weapon or tactic, creating a cycle of a hostile move followed by counter move.
		Following the introduction of a hostile weapon, only a short time is allowed to design, develop, test, and deploy the countermeasure, because during this time the lives of our war fighters are at risk.
		The Countermeasures Gallery presents an overview of evolution of ECM from the early days of WWII to the present.
	www.hem-usa.org /chaff-development.shtml (240 words)

	Eurofighter Technology and Performance : Defences
		Radar is not the only concern of countermeasures in modern air combat, there is also a threat from passive Infra Red guided weaponry.
		As with Chaff a very simple defence in the form of pyrotechnic flares tuned to emit radiation at similar frequencies to the jet exhaust of a fighter have been deployed for many years.
		Although almost as old as radar itself chaff is still one of the fundamental defences available to a fighter aircraft.
	www.eurofighter-typhoon.co.uk /Eurofighter/defences.html (2801 words)

	Chaff Glossary - Dictionary definition [define: chaff] of chaff
		Chaff Glossary - Dictionary definition [define: chaff] of chaff
		The glumes or husks of grains and grasses separated from the seed by threshing and winnowing, etc. [1913 Webster] So take the corn and leave the chaff behind.
		[1913 Webster] By adding chaff to his corn, the horse must take more time to eat it.
	www.blogdict.com /glossary/chaff.html (233 words)

	Countermeasure - WikiLeasing.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Countermeasures are most popularly associated with aircraft defense, with examples including emtallic foil chaff to disrupt radar detection, decoy flares to disrupt infrared, and electronic countermeasures to disrupt other targeting and communications systems.
		However, land and sea-based forces can also use such countermeasures as well as smoke-screens that can disrupt laser ranging, infrared detection, laser weapons, and visual observation.Countermeasures are a complicating factor i the development anti-ballistic missile defense systems targeting ICBM's.
		However, the Israeli airline El-Al, having been the target of a failed missile attack i Mombassa, Kenya in 2002, began equipping its fleet with radar-based, automated flare release countermeasures from June 2004.
	www.wikileasing.com /7/Countermeasure.html (255 words)

	Chaff/Flare Panel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Chaff/Flare panel belong together with the Threat Warning Prime, the Threat Warning Aux and the RWR to the EWS (Electronic Warfare System) of the F-16.
		Depending on the threat, heat seeking missiles or radar guided missiles Flares or Chaff are expelled either automatically or manually.
		The chaffs are used as countermeasure for heat-seeking missiles, while chaffs are usefull, if the missile is radar guided.
	www.xflight.de /f16/pe_org_par_lxc_chaffflare.htm (196 words)

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