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	Chagai Hills - Pakistan Special Weapons Facilities
		The Chagai Hills region is an extensive area, and no additional details were published concerning the exact location of the test site.
		The Toba Kakar Range and Chagai hills in the north form the border of Pakistan with Afghanistan.
		A structural depression separates the Chagai Hills and the Ras Koh Range to the south, consisting of flood plains and areas covered with thin layers of salt.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/pakistan/facility/chagai.htm (630 words)

	Chagai Hills - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Chagai Hills are in the north of the Pakistani Province Baluchistan.
		The mountains and hills are carved by innumerable channels which contain water only after rains, though little water reaches the low-lying basins.
		This area received international attention in 1998 when Chagai-I tests were carried out by Pakistan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chagai_Hills (81 words)

	nuc
		Chagai’s nexus with Pakistan’s nuclear weapons programme first became known to the Pakistani public and the world back in the early 1990s when a book, Critical Mass, written by William E. Burrows and Robert Windrem was published.
		This was a 185-metre high granite mountain in the Ras Koh Hills in the Chagai Division of Baluchistan which at their highest point rise to a height of 9,367 ft. (3,009 metres).
		Once in Chagai, the sub-assembled parts of the nuclear devices were carefully offloaded from the aircraft and were separately taken in their sub-assembled form to the five ‘Zero Rooms’ in the kilometre long tunnels at Ras Koh Hills in Chagai.
	www.angelfire.com /mo/asimmohammad/zero.html (5102 words)

	When Mountains Move — The Story of Chagai
		This was a 185-metre high granite mountain in the Ras Koh Hills in the Chagai Division of Balochistan which at their highest point rise to a height of 3,009 metres.
		Ras Koh Hills are independent of and should not be confused with the Chagai Hills further north on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, in which, to date, no nuclear test activity has taken place.
		Once in Chagai, the parts of the nuclear devices were separately taken to the five ‘zero rooms’ in the kilometre long tunnels at Ras Koh Hills in Chagai.
	www.defencejournal.com /2000/june/chagai.htm (4732 words)

	Table of Contents
		Chagai district is a very dry area and the potential of underground water for cultivation is very limited.
		The high-lands comprise the Chagai and Koh-i-Sultan ranges in the north, the Sarlath range in the eastern portion of the district and the Mir-Jawa, Kachau and Ras-Koh hills (the highest mountain in the district) on the south-west border.
		The desert area lies beyond Chagai which is a waste land and consists of sandy desert and stony plains, bordered by ranges of barren limestone and shale mountains and hills of volcanic origin.
	www.un.org.pk /profiles/chagai.htm (12282 words)

	PakDef Forums - When Mountains Move: The Story of Chagai
		Chagai’s nexus with Pakistan’s nuclear weapons programme first became known to the Pakistani public and the world back in 1994 when a book, Critical Mass, written by William E. Burrows and Robert Windrem was first published.
		The Ras Koh Hills are independent of and should not be confused with the Chagai Hills further north on the Pak-Afghan border, in which, to date, no nuclear test activity has taken place.
		Once at the Dalbandin airfield south-east of the Chagai Hills, the sub-assembled parts of the nuclear devices were carefully offloaded from the aircraft and were separately taken in sub-assembled form to the test sites at Ras Koh Hills and Kharan presumably on Pakistan Army Aviation Mil Mi-17 helicopters.
	www.pakdef.info /forum/showthread.php?p=64911 (7169 words)

	Chagai Hills - Pakistan Special Weapons Facilities
		The Chagai Hills region is an extensive area, and no additional details were published concerning the exact location of the test site.
		The Toba Kakar Range and Chagai hills in the north form the border of Pakistan with Afghanistan.
		A structural depression separates the Chagai Hills and the Ras Koh Range to the south, consisting of flood plains and areas covered with thin layers of salt.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/pakistan/chagai.htm (618 words)

	Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It consist of arid basins and various hill ranges, sharply marked off from the Indus plain by the kirther and sulaiman ramparts.
		It consists of dry valleys, saline lakes and a vast area of desert with dry hills, generally running across the plateau from the northeast to southwest.
		The Toba Kakar and Chagai ranges in the north separate this plateau from Afghanistan.
	www.balochistan.sdnpk.org /introduction.htm (355 words)

	Pakistan MINING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Also interested in acquiring the Saindak project were China—whose China Metallurgical Construction Corp. built the mine and plant—and BHP of Australia; mining stopped at Saindak in 1996.
		BHP and Australia's Mincor Resources formed an alliance to explore and develop large porphyry-style copper deposits in the Chagai Hills; the joint venture initially was to focus on the Reko Diq Complex, possibly one of the world's largest copper deposits with more than 7 million tons of copper and 342,000 kg of gold.
		The Geological Survey of Pakistan reportedly discovered a total of 400 million tons of commercially viable iron ore in Baluchistan and the North West Frontier (NWF), to be mined by open-cut methods.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Asia-and-Oceania/Pakistan-MINING.html (283 words)

	Daily Development News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Chagai metallogenic belt, 480 km long and 50 km wide, offers the prospect of similar potential in Balochistan.
		Base metal deposits, such as copper, lead and zinc, are found in Chagai, Khuzdar and Lasbela Districts.
		Mines in Chagai, for example, will have to depend on a limited and finite supply of ground water.
	asp.isb.sdnpk.org /search_detail1.asp?newsID_form=45220 (774 words)

	Earth Observation Magazine
		Such erroneous reports even claimed to have found the nuclear test site(s) in the Chagai Hills on commercial satellite imagery.
		However, just before the 28 May test, a Times of India report suggested that the test site was alternatively located south of the Chagai Hills in the 200 kilometer long Ras Koh range.
		That linear mountain range, trending north east-south west and having greater relief than the Chagai Hills, is located south of the town of Dalbandin.
	www.eomonline.com /Common/Archives/1999decjan/99decjan_gay.html (1588 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: Geophysicist contends Pakistan's blasts may have set off Afghan quake
		The experiments conducted by Pakistan in the Chagai hills could have triggered off the Afghanistan earthquake, says Janardhan G Negi, a renowned seismologist and former director-level scientist of the National Geophysical Research Institute in Hyderabad.
		The nuclear explosions carried out by Pakistan in the seismically most active Chagai Hills, an extension of the hollow mountain range of the Hindukush and Himalayas, may trigger more earthquakes in Afghanistan, he said.
		The Chagai Hills explosions and the Afghanistan earthquake of May 30, 1998, which claimed about five thousand lives, had once again shown that artificial means could trigger one or more devastating earthquakes in seismically-sensitive areas.
	www.rediff.com /news/1998/jun/05bomb4.htm (583 words)

	South Asian Media Net
		Besides the missiles, the replicas of Chagai Hills -- where Pakistan tested its nuclear devices -- were also set up in major cities including Islamabad.
		The first thing that visitors to Islamabad notice is the bright-shinning 20-metre-high and 45-metre- wide replica of the Chagai Hills at the main entrance of the city.
		The replica is made of fibre and tin that resembles the Chagai Hills that were said to have been glowing seconds after the nuclear tests Pakistan conducted in a tit-for-tat gesture to Indian tests.
	www.southasianmedia.net /index_story.cfm?id=72475&category=Frontend&Country=MAIN (655 words)

	Musharraf: Buccaneer in Baluchistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Chagai hills in Balochistan is one of Pakistan's test sites.
		They allege that nuclear tests at the Chagai hills have devastated the ecology of the area.
		There are quite a few other faces of Balochistan that the world must know to realize the threat martial dictators like Musharraf pose to global peace.
	www.balochvoice.com /Musharraf_Buccaneer.html (1122 words)

	CNS - Photographs of Pakistan's Nuclear and Missile Tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Abdul Qadeer Khan, widely proclaimed as the "Father of Pakistan's atomic bomb," stands in the access tunnel inside the Chagai Hills nuclear test site before Pakistan's 28 May 1998 underground nuclear test.
		Scientists at the Chagai Hills test site pose for a photograph on 28 May 1998.
		A.Q. Khan, head of the Khan Research Laboratory, poses with Pakistani nuclear scientists following the Chagai Hills nuclear test.
	cns.miis.edu /research/india/photos.htm (157 words)

	Nawaz Sharif Versus Nawaz Sharif
		Regrettably, this is the post-Ghauri missile age, the post-Pokhran and the post-Chagai Hills blast age.
		Each time he is cornered, or he faces a big problem, his first instinct is to hit out, either physically (as in the storming of the supreme court) or by doing an injury to law and civil liberties.
		Immediately after the nuclear blasts in the Chagai Hills, he clamped emergency in the country and did away with fundamental rights.
	www.subcontinent.com /sapra/research/world/w_1998_12_30.html (1048 words)

	PakDef Forums - View Single Post - When Mountains Move: The Story of Chagai
		They procured equipment for reverse-engineering from foreign sources where they could and developed their own technology indigenously where restrictions prevented the purchase of equipment from abroad.
		Firstly, it was PAEC which had constructed Pakistan’s two nuclear test sites at Chagai, Balochistan.
		On 19 May 1998, two teams comprising of 140 PAEC scientists, engineers and technicians left for Chagai, Balochistan on two separate PIA Boeing 737 flights.
	www.pakdef.info /forum/showpost.php?p=64084&postcount=1 (6344 words)

	Opinion - August 22, 2001 \| Musharraf: Buccaneer in Baluchistan I PIO \|
		The Chagai hills in Baluchistan is one of Pakistan's test sites.
		To be fair to Musharraf, he is only doing what his predecessors have been doing: keeping Baluchistan firmly under martial rule.
		There are quite a few other faces of Baluchistan that the world must know to realise the threat martial dictators like Musharraf pose to global peace.
	meaindia.nic.in /opinion/2001/08/22pio.htm (1122 words)

	HIMAL SOUTH ASIAN \| July 2002 \| Southasiaphere \| Scientists as shamans
		Before long, the Chagai hills of Pakistan were trembling to Pakistan’s own nuclear explosions.
		It does not explain why cardboard replicas of Chagai hills dominate the skylines of Islamabad and Karachi.
		It resides in the hearts and minds of common people who know that food, shelter, medicine and education are far more urgent than a quest for renaissance through long-discredited doctrines such as Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), or weapons of mass destruction with mythical monikers such as Nag and Trishul.
	www.himalmag.com /2002/july/southasiasphere.htm (1905 words)

	World Affairs Board - Pakistan Airspace: Night before the nuke tests
		The tensions were so high that a PAF F-16 flying low over the Ras Koh test site in the Chagai District of Balochistan on the eve of the Pakistani nuclear tests was, for a moment, mistaken by the personnel on the ground, to be an Israeli warplane.
		As soon as the decision to conduct the nuclear tests had been taken, the PAF was ordered to assume air defence duties over Chagai and the strategic nuclear installations of Pakistan, including Kahuta, Nilore, Fatehjung, Chashma, Khushab and Karachi.
		Dalbandin is located among sand dunes some 30 km south-east of the Chagai Hills near the Pakistan-Afghanistan Border.
	www.worldaffairsboard.com /printthread.php?t=2653 (4650 words)

	CNN - Pakistan reportedly gearing up for nuclear test - May 14, 1998
		The newspaper said American officials believe the Pakistani test would be conducted in the Chagai Hills, a remote site in the Baluchistan desert near Pakistan's western border with Iran.
		American spy satellites have detected military equipment and technical personnel preparing for a test at the Chagai Hills site, the Times said.
		Foreign intelligence agents in Pakistan have reported that the test could be conducted immediately, for maximum political effect, or later next week for a greater yield of technological data, officials told the Times.
	edition.cnn.com /WORLD/asiapcf/9805/14/pakistan.test (635 words)

	The Asian Chamber of Commerce
		In Quetta, Peshawar, Karachi and Lahore towering replicas rise from central square of the Chagai Hills, the site in the desert of Balochistan where Pakistan’s scientists and its generals tested their bomb in 1998 two weeks after India exploded its own.
		Islamabad, the capital, is an artificial city carved out of the Margala Hills in the 1960s by a Greek architect at the behest of another military ruler, General Ayub Khan.
		It is a city in constant contrast to the rest of the country, and seems somehow detached from it.
	www.asianchamber.org /viewArticle.php?articleId=349 (1820 words)

	Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Program - 1998: The Year of Testing
		By week's end American spy satellites had detected an influx of equipment at a previously prepared test site in the Chagai Hills in the desert of southwestern Baluchistan province, barely 50 km from the border with Iran, and the CIA was predicting that a test could occur as early as Sunday 17 May.
		News coverage initially placed the location in the Chagai Hills area, some 40 km from the general area indicated by the seismic data and also lacking high relief terrain.
		The location of the shot turned out to be located in the Ras Koh Hills about 14 km east-southeast of the location centers given by the PIDC and USGS seismic data (and about 9 km outside of the calculated PIDC uncertainty ellipse).
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /Pakistan/PakTests.html (7222 words)

	Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Program - Development
		This test was conducted in tunnels bored in the Kirana Hills near Sargodha, home of the Pakistan Air Force’s main air base and the Central Ammunition Depot (CAD).
		The Kirana Hills test tunnels were reportedly bored by the SDW after the Chagai nuclear test sites, i.e.
		Cold implosion shots were conducted in the Chagai Hills area of Baluchistan in September 1986.
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /Pakistan/PakDevelop.html (5663 words)

	[No title]
		Understanding the extent of Islamabad's nuclear capabilities requires knowing where its fissile materials (highly enriched uranium and plutonium) are produced and stored, and the steps taken to weaponize that nuclear capability.
		The nuclear tests occurred at the Chagai Hills test site, where "cold" tests of a nuclear implosion device were held in 1986.
		The recent tests were undoubtedly to develop a nuclear warhead small enough to fit on Islamabad's Ghauri and M-11 ballistic missiles.
	www.cdi.org /issues/testing/pak1.html (573 words)

	Dust Storm in Afghanistan \| Satellite: Terra
		With the exception of three shallow freshwater lakes, only one of which is visible in the higher-resolution images as a dark depression near the origin of the storm (top left), the wetlands dry completely during the dry season, leaving deposits of alluvial silt, which are easily lifted on the wind.
		In this true-color Terra MODIS image, the dust is masking the arid deserts of Afghanistan and Pakistan and is sweeping around the Chagai Hills, the dark land in the center of the storm.
		The crescent of the Siahan Mountain Range in Pakistan is preventing the dust from blowing further south.
	www.parstimes.com /spaceimages/afghanistan_duststorm.html (287 words)

	Key Issues: Nuclear Weapons: The Basics: Pakistani Nuclear Weapons Facilities
		The mountains and hills are carved by innumerable channels which contain water
		The Siwalik Hills, west of Dera Ghazi Khan, was indentified as the most promising location.
		Even this uranium ore is of relatively low grade, containing only a few kg of uranium per ton [compared to tens of kilograms in high-grade Canadian or Australian ore].
	www.nuclearfiles.org /menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/issues/facilities/pakistani-nuclear-weapons-facilities.htm (3510 words)

	[No title]
		In the wake of the May 28 tests, a state of emergency was imposed in the country and all fundamental rights were suspended, ostensibly to deal with a looming financial crisis.
		Pakistan announced few technical details about the nature and scope of the tests, which were believed to have been conducted in the Chagai hills in northwestern Baluchistan.
		Addressing a press conference on May 31, the father of Pakistan's bomb, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, said that all the tests were of fission devices.
	www.frontlineonnet.com /fl1512/15120040.htm (2783 words)

	Calcutta Online - May 29 1998 news paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		May 28: Proving the CIA indications prophetically true, Pakistan today entered in an irreparable course of power tussle with India, detonating five nuclear devices at the Chagai hills, in the south western region of Baluchistan province near the Iran and Afghanistan border at around 4 p.m.
		The power button was pressed 500 km away from Chagai Hills at Islamabad, which, as initial reports indicate, is stared with stringent sanctions, feared to be of more damaging proportions than that of India in economic terms.
		The explosions came in the wake of India's five Nests, conducted on May 11 and May 13 and Pakistan, afraid to bear the tide of backlash from international community, is sending a delegation to Washington by the end of this week.
	www.netguruindia.com /news/may98/n290598.html (4606 words)

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