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	Ilkhanate - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The founder of the Ilkhanate dynasty was Hulegu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Kublai Khan.
		After the accession of his brother Kublai Khan, Hulegu returned, and the succession thereafter continued through his family--the true start of the Il-Khans, a term which means "subordinate khan", and refers to their initial deference to Kublai in ultimate sovereignty.
		This was due to the hostility of the khanates to the north and east--the Chagatai khanate in Mughulistan and the Blue Horde of Batu threatened the Ilkhanate in the Caucasus and Transoxiana, preventing expansion westward.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/i/l/k/Ilkhanate.html (409 words)

	Chagatai Khan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chagatai Khan (alternative spellings Çağatay in Turkish Chagata, Chugta, Chagta, Djagatai, Chaghtai) was the second son of Genghis Khan.
		He was also appointed by Genghis Khan to oversee the execution of the Yassa, though that lasted only until Genghis Khan was crowned Khan of the Mongol Empire.
		The Empire later came to be known as the Chagatai Khanate, part of the Mongol Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chagatai_Khan (394 words)

	Genghis Khan - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Genghis was related through his father to Qabul Khan, Ambaghai and Qutula Khan who had headed the Mongol confederation under Jin patronage until the Jin switched their support to the Tatars in 1161 and destroyed Qutula Khan.
		Genghis' father, Yesugei, khan of the Borjigin, and nephew to Ambaghai and Qutula Khan, emerged as the head of the ruling clan of the Mongols, but this position was contested by the rival Tayichi’ud clan, which descended directly from Ambaghai.
		Heirs to Discord: The Supratribal Aspirations of Jamuqa, Toghrul, and Temüjin
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/g/e/n/Genghis_Khan_804b.html (5115 words)

	Finance Choices - Personal Finance Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Before his death, Genghis Khan divided his empire among his sons Ögedei, Chagatai, Tolui, and Jochi (Jochi's death several months before Genghis Khan meant that his lands were instead split between his sons, Batu and Orda) into several Khanates designed as sub-territories: their Khans were expected to follow the Great Khan, who was, initially, Ögedei.
		In 1256, during the rule of Ögedei, Hulagu Khan, son of Tolui, was charged with the conquest of the Muslim nations to the southwest of the empire.
		Genghis Khan was by and large tolerant of the multiple religions and there are no cases of him or the Mongols engaging in religious war against people he encountered during the conquests as long as they were obedient.
	www.financechoices.co.uk /personal-finance-wiki.php?title=Genghis_Khan (9001 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Baraq (Chagatai Khan)
		He was the son of Yesünto'a, and a grandson of Chagatai Khan.
		When the latter was again enthroned as Chagatai Khan in 1266, Baraq gained support among the army for a coup, and deposed Mubarak Shah in September of that year.
		In 1268, however, the Great Khan sent him a grant, in an effort to end the conflict and focus on Kaidu.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Baraq_(Chagatai_Khan) (887 words)

	Ilkhanate at AllExperts
		The founder of the Ilkhanate dynasty was Hulegu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Mongke khan.
		The term il-Khan means "subordinate khan" and refers to their initial deference to Mongke as grand khan and ultimate sovereign of the entire empire.
		This was due to the hostility of the khanates to the north and east--the Chagatai khanate in Mughulistan and the Blue Horde of Batu threatened the Il-khanate in the Caucasus and Transoxiana, preventing expansion westward.
	en.allexperts.com /e/i/il/ilkhanate.htm (618 words)

	Genghis Khan - Geoworldonline.com
		Genghis' father, Yesugei (khan of the Borjigin and nephew to Ambaghai and Qutula Khan) emerged as the head of the ruling clan of the Mongols, but this position was contested by the rival Tayichi’ud clan, who descended directly from Ambaghai.
		Genghis Khan refused to divide his troops into different units based on ethnicity, instead he mixed tribesmen from conquered groups, like the Tatars and Keraits, which fostered a sense of unity and loyalty by reducing the effects of the old tribal affiliations and preventing any one unit from developing a separate ethnic or national character.
		Presently Genghis Khan, his descendants, his generals and in general the Mongols are remembered for their ferocious military, toughness, ruthless and destructive conquests in much of the world in history books.
	www.geoworldonline.com /Profiles/personsDetail.php?pID=533 (8550 words)

	Genghis Khan - Famous Ancient Chinese People - Chinese
		Genghis Khan's armies seemed to be incomparibly superior in the 12th century12th and 13th century because of their superior strategy and mobility.
		Genghis Khan's military philosophy in general was to defeat opponents with the least risk and cost to the Mongols, relying on his loyal and meritocratically chosen generals and his soldiers.
		Before invasion of an opposing area, Genghis Khan and his generals made extensive preparation in Kurultai to decide how the upcoming war would be conducted and as well which generals would participate; meanwhile they would thoroughly accumulate intelligence about their opponents, after which the course of hostilities would be calculated through.
	www.famouschinese.com /people/Genghis_Khan (4541 words)

	Politics of Genghis Khan
		The difference is that in the civilized world, enduring institutions such as walled cities, fortifications, standing armies, granaries, and bureaucracies meant that there was something concrete to be handed down to the heir, so that unless there were serious problems (rebellion, famine, civil war, invasion) a peaceful succession could usually be engineered.
		By contrast, on the steppe the Khan’s power is derived entirely from the personal support of his generals and his troops, and there is nothing really concrete for him to hand down.
		Thus, whoever succeeds the Khan has to win that personal support all over again, and in effect, the state has to be founded all over again starting from scratch.
	idiocentrism.com /steppe.htm (1491 words)

	World History
		The election of Ögödei as great khan over the head of his elder brother Chagatai (Jöchi had already died) did not do violence to nomadic tradition; it was quite acceptable in wartime for the dying ruler to nominate as his successor the son who was considered ablest and most acceptable to his brothers.
		As great khan, Ögödei authorized the continuation of Mongol campaigns in Russia and the west and also in China, where the disintegration of the Juchen-Chin dynasty in 1234 had brought the Mongols face to face with the surviving Sung dynasty in the Yangtze valley.
		Genghis Khan's concept of conquest and rule had been clear: the "people of the felt-walled tents" should remain in the steppes and continue their ancient warrior way of life, drawing tribute from the world of farms, cities, and caravan trade.
	members.tripod.com /gpf/worldhistory.html (21681 words)

	Khan
		Khan was also the title used by early Bulgar rulers, but is not attested in any inscriptions referring to them- the only similar title found so far, Kanasubigi, was used by only three of the Bulgarian rulers, namely Krum, Omurtag and Malamir, which were grandfather, son and a grandson, after them the title disappears.
		Khan was the title of the rulers of various break-away states later reintegrated in Iran, e.g.
		Khan Sahib Shri Babi was the complex title of the ruler of the Indian princely state of Bantva-Manavadar (state founded 1760; September 1947 acceded to Pakistan, but 15 February 1948 rescinded accession to Pakistan, to accede to India).
	libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Khan.html (4507 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		At the time of Genghis Khan's death in 1227, the empire was divided among his four sons, with his third son as the supreme Khan, and by the 1350s, the khanates were in a state of fracture and had lost the order brought to them by Genghis Khan.
		Kublai Khan, Genghis Khan's grandson and founder of the Yuan Dynasty
		The Great Khan Möngke having died, however, he hastened to return for the election, and the force that remained in Palestine was destroyed by the Mamluks under Baibars in 1261 at Ayn Jalut.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Mongol_Empire (4315 words)

	Chagatai Khan information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Chagatai Khan (alternative spellings Çağatay in Turkic Chagata, Chugta, Chagta, Djagatai, Chaghtai) was the second son of Genghis Khan.
		He was also appointed by Genghis Khan to oversee the execution of the Yassa, though that lasted only until Genghis Khan was crowned Khan of the Mongol Empire.
		This is a family/clan name in portions of South Asia (north-west India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and the associated diaspora) that claims descent from Chagatai Khan, and thus status as Chagatai Turks.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Chagatai_Khan (496 words)

	After Genghis Khan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Great Khan Mongke having died, however, he hastened to return for the election, and the force that remained in Palestine was destroyed by the Mamluks under Baibars in 1261 at Ayn Jalut.
		By the reign of Kublai Khan, the empire was already in the process of splitting into a number of smaller khanates.
		The four descendant empires were the Mongol-founded Yuan Dynasty in China, the Chagatai Khanate, the Golden Horde that controlled Central Asia and Russia, and the Ilkhans who ruled Persia from 1256 to 1353.
	www.archira.com /after.html (973 words)

	The Uighurs / History
		The role of khan (king), of the city and village estates, of temporal power and of the top Muslim clergy was usually the same as in Central Asia.
		There was cast of duplication in the state organization of Mogoliya - the khan power had pretensions of the absolute rights, however in all spheres it had to coexist with appanages because the khan army was supplemented with people's volunteer corps and armed forces from appanages.
		An interpreter M.Etigirov, who was sent from Siberia in 1729 to the Jungar khan, marked in his diary that near Talkinskij pass " there are the ploughings in possession of the Boukharers (the Uighurs), I saw ploughed fields in valleys of the rivers of Ili and Emel as well as in Tarbagatai cities".
	the_uighurs.tripod.com /hist.htm (3727 words)

	Mongol Empire \| Encyclopedia of Modern Asia
		Genghis Khan's military success rested partly on the traditional skills of the Mongols in horsemanship and archery, but the Mongol armies were consistently innovative, developing new techniques to cope with siege warfare and warfare in mountainous or swampy country.
		Khubilai's claim to be Great Khan was not accepted by other Mongol leaders, however, and from 1260, the four subempires established on the death of Genghis Khan effectively became independent of each other.
		The Il-khans in Persia did continue to acknowledge Khubilai Khan as great khan, and this is the origin of their name: Il meaning "lesser" or "subordinate." Khubilai Khan later moved his capital from Shangdu and to Khanbalig, and he made increasing use of Chinese officials and administrative structures in ruling China.
	www.bookrags.com /research/mongol-empire-ema-04 (1388 words)

	Timur and Babur. - Asia Finest Discussion Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The word Chagatai relates to the Chagatai Khanate, the western part of the Mongol empire, which was left to Genghis Khan's second son Chagatai Khan.
		One is the preservation of the classical Chagatai language of Navoi, the other trend is the increasing influence of the dialects of the local spoken languages.
		Chagatai was a guy wich have ruled turck and south siberian nomads in central asia.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?act=findpost&pid=1818392 (3570 words)

	history
		The election of Ögödei as great khan over the head of his elder brother Chagatai (Jöchi had already died) did not do violence to nomadic tradition; it was quite acceptable in wartime for the dying ruler to nominate as his successor the son who was considered ablest and most acceptable to his brothers.
		As great khan, Ögödei authorized the continuation of Mongol campaigns in Russia and the west and also in China, where the disintegration of the Juchen-Chin dynasty in 1234 had brought the Mongols face to face with the surviving Sung dynasty in the Yangtze valley.
		Genghis Khan's concept of conquest and rule had been clear: the "people of the felt-walled tents" should remain in the steppes and continue their ancient warrior way of life, drawing tribute from the world of farms, cities, and caravan trade.
	www.juulchin-on-tour.com /history.htm (6407 words)

	Central Asia: West (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Timur Shah was, technically, Emir in Transoxiana for the last Chagatai Khans, but as a practical matter pursued his own agenda entirely - his putative overlords were purely puppets by the last quarter of the 14th century.
		An ancient region of Central Asia lying east of the Amu Darya (Oxus) River, the Kyzyl Kum Desert, and the western Pamir Mountains beyond Tashkent and Dushanbe, as far as the Afghan frontier.
		The Qarakhanids, or Ilig Khans, were an Uighur Karluk sept inhabiting the steppes to the north of Transoxiana.
	www.hostkingdom.net /centasia.html (2219 words)

	MONGOLS
		QABUL Khan, son of TUMBINAI SECHEN Mongol Chieftain. He led raids on the lands of the Tatars and attacked the Chinese, raising the political profile of the Mongols during the 11th century[3]. He put together a confederacy of Mongol tribes which fell apart after his death
		JOCHI, son of JENGHIZ Khan ([1184]-1227). He predeceased his father, whom he was destined to succeed in the western lands, collectively designated as the White Horde, which were divided between his sons on their grandfather's death in 1227.
		SALGHAN. After Hulagu Khan's conquest of the Assassins in Persia, a number of the relatives of Grand Master Rukn ad-Din Khurshah were sent to her to exact vengeance for the murder of her father[58].
	fmg.ac /Projects/MedLands/MONGOLS.htm (3911 words)

	Kashgar-Turfan (Chagatai) Khanate
		In the beginning of the fifteenth century, the Chagatai Dynasty established dominion in the Eastern Turkestan and the ancient Uighur region.
		Veyiz Khan who was the ruler of Chagatai people maintained his domination between the years of 1418-1428 and on the other hand, he opened irrigation channels and tried to develop agriculture.
		Yakub Khan died in the year of 1877 and the resistance was suppressed.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0003/0003_11_12.htm (781 words)

	The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Chagatai Khanate) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Chagatai, however, was also given a small area of Central Asia to control, while maintaining allegiance to Ogodei as Great Khan.
		It was not until the ascension of Tarmashirin to the throne in 1326, however, that the Chagatai Khanate became an officially Muslim state.
		Timur's successors were in turn ousted from the Chagatai Khanate by the Sheibanids, descendants of a brother of Batu, the original Khan of the Golden Horde.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/chagatai.html (468 words)

	Timur and Timurids
		Jagatai Khans claimed suzerainty over the area but the country was in fact in a state of semi-anarchy.
		Khorasan and all eastern Persia fell to him in 1383-85; Fars, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Mesopotamia and Georgia all fell between 1386 and 1394.In the intervals, he was engaged with Toktamish, then khan of the Golden Horde whose forces invaded Azerbaijan in 1385 and Transoxonia in 1388,defeating Timur's generals.
		The vizier Mir Ali Shir established Chagatai Turkish literature and fostered a revival in Persian.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/5246/Timur.html (1012 words)

	THE 800th ANNIVERSARY OF THE GREAT MONGOLIAN STATE - Tsagaadai Khanate /Chagatai Khanate/ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		One of the greatest of these many khans of Tsagaadai Khanate was Tsagaadai’s the 6th generation grandson Kebek Khan.
		The territory of Tsaagdai Khanate was spread from the beginning of Amu Dariya, Sir Dariya river to the Pamir Mountains and the southern Kashgar.
		Tsagaadai Khanate was invaded by Tomor Khan in 1390.
	www.mongolia800.mn /eng/content/view/116/39 (311 words)

	Mongol -- DBA 154
		The Ilkhanate has its own DBA army, #159a; the Khanates of the Golden Horde and Chagatai are still represented by army #154, as is the Yuan dynasty under Kublai and his successors.
		News of the death of their Khan caused the Mongols to turn around when they were within a few hundred miles of Venice and Vienna.
		Ghengis Khan was one of the most brilliant commanders of all time, and many of his commanders were also men of tremendous ability (notably the redoubtable Subodai, who may have even outshone Ghengis).
	www.umiacs.umd.edu /~kuijt/dba154/dba154.html (2608 words)

	Period Mongolian Names
		An English translation of it's third section entitled "The Successors of Genghis Khan" was done by John Andrew Boyle, the head of the Department of Persian Studies at the University of Manchester.
		The English translation by John Krueger is called The Bejeweled Summary of the Origin of the Khan: A History of the Eastern Mongols to 1662.
		An example is Chagatai, which is constructed from the root word Chagan, which means white, and the suffix -tai.
	www.sca.org /heraldry/laurel/names/mongol.html (2357 words)

	Woman Muslim Leaders throughout the Times
		In 1295 her husband's successor Great Khan Baydo of the Ilkhan dynasty, had her put to death on the advise of the leader of Suyurghatamish's clan, his widow, Khurdudjin.
		Also known as Mandugaya Setsen Khantun, she was widow of Grand Khan Mandaghol, the 27th successor of Jengis Khan, who was succeeded by his nephew, Bolkho, in 1467.
		Five months later her son, Adham Khan, Akbar's foster-brother, attempted to assassinate Atkah Khan, but was executed, and she died shortly after, and the emperor, who was now 19 ruled alone from then on.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Muslim_Leaders.htm (7652 words)

	Ancient China: The Mongolian Empire: The Yuan Dynasty, 1279-1368
		Genghis Khan was perhaps one of the greatest military innovators in human history, and his army consisted of perhaps the best-trained horsemen in all of human history.
		When Genghis Khan died, Mongol armies were poised to conquer Hungary, which they would have accomplished had not their leader died.
		Kublai Khan had decided to become the emperor of China and start a new dynasty; within a few short years, the Mongols had conquered all of southern China.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/CHEMPIRE/YUAN.HTM (1668 words)

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