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Uzbekistan - Linguistic Background Until 1924 the written Turkic language of the region had been Chaghatai, a language that had a long and brilliant history as a vehicle of literature and culture after its development in the Timurid state of Herat in the late fifteenth century. Chaghatai also was the common written language of the entire region of Central Asia from the Persian border to Eastern Turkestan, which was located in today's China. In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, Chaghatai was influenced by the efforts of reformers of the Jadidist movement, who wanted to Turkify and unite all of the written languages used in the Turkic world into one written language (see The Russian Conquest, this ch.). www.countrystudies.us /uzbekistan/22.htm   (578 words)

[No title] Chaghatai himself appears to have been a just and energetic governor, though perhaps rough and uncouth, and addicted to the vice, common among the Mongols, of hard drinking. Chaghatai's own capital was at Almáligh, in the valley of the Upper Ili, near the site of the present Kulja, and consequently in the extreme east of his dominion. Little is known of the way in which Chaghatai disposed of his kingdom at his death, and there appears to be no mention, anywhere, of his having followed the ancestral custom of his house in distributing it among his descendants. persian.packhum.org /persian/pf?file=05801031&ct=4&rqs=640&rqs=647&rqs=648   (5634 words)

[No title] Mirza Haidar advised that the Chaghatai Amirs should occupy separate positions along the lower hills, from Sirhind to the Salt Range, where the army might be re­organised in safety and, on a favourable opportunity presenting itself, might be used with effect to regain possession of India. After the retreat of the Chaghatais from Kanauj to Lahore, these chiefs renewed their appeals for assistance, and it was during the discussions that took place there as to the general line of action to be adopted, that Mirza Haidar impressed on Humayun the advantage of seizing the opportunity to gain a footing in Kashmir. Secondly, as regards the imputed infidelity towards the Chaghatai Em­peror, it should not be forgotten that the historian of Akbar was writing after events had seemed to justify his view. persian.packhum.org /persian/pf?file=05801031&ct=3   (7894 words)

WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Turkmenistan - The Written Language | encyclopaedic.net Beginning in the eighteenth century, Turkmen poets and chroniclers used the classical Chaghatai language, which was written in Arabic script and reflected only occasional Turkmen linguistic features. In the years 1913-17, periodicals were published in Chaghatai. Two reforms of this script undertaken in 1922 and 1925 were designed to reflect features of the spoken Turkmen language. encyclopaedic.net /world-encyclopaedia/turkmenistan/13.html   (402 words)

T'ovma Metsobets'i's History of Tamerlane and His Successors And Chaghatai, taking the booty and plunder went to Khurasan whence he had come; while the sons of Yusuf fled to the inner reaches of the land. He did not permit his troops to flee from the wrath of Chaghatai's army, since through sorcery he had bound him such that he was unable to remove one arrow from his quiver. Now in springtime, Iskandar (who had fled from Chaghatai and was stealthily roaming about hither and thither, sometimes in the fortress of Ernjak and other places) came and besieged the city of Artske which the native lords of the city named Sawalan had taken. rbedrosian.com /tm5.htm   (4528 words)

Uzbekistan - Timur Orderly succession, prosperity, and internal peace prevailed in the Chaghatai lands, and the Mongol Empire as a whole remained strong and united. In the early fourteenth century, however, as the empire began to break up into its constituent parts, the Chaghatai territory also was disrupted as the princes of various tribal groups competed for influence. It was during the Timurid dynasty that Turkish, in the form of the Chaghatai dialect, became a literary language in its own right in Mawarannahr--although the Timurids also patronized writing in Persian. www.countrystudies.us /uzbekistan/5.htm   (370 words)

Nizam - LoveToKnow 1911 The most interesting of the seven tales is the fourth, the story of the Russian princess, in which we recognize at once the prototype of Gozzi's well-known Turandot, which was afterwards adapted by Schiller for the German stage. The five mathnawis, from the Makhzan to the Haft Paikar, form Nizami's so-called "Quintuple" (Khamsa) or "Five Treasures" (Panj Ganj), and have been taken as pattern by all the later epic poets in the Persian, Turkish, Chaghatai and Hindustani languages. Nizami died at Ganja in his sixty-fourth year, 599 A.H. The fullest account of Nizami is given in Dr W. Bacher's Nizami's Leben and Werke (Leipzig, 1871; English translation by S. Robinson, London, 1873; reprinted in the same author's Persian Poetry for English Readers, 1883, pp. www.1911encyclopedia.org /Nizam   (746 words)

Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Babur His mother tongue was the Chaghatai language (known to Babur as Tōrkī, "Turkish") and he was equally at home in Persian, the lingua franca of the Timurid elite; he wrote his famous memoirs, the Baburnama, in the former language, that of his birthplace. At that time the Chaghatai (Mongol tribes descended from Genghis Khan's second son, Chagatai Khan) were very rude and uncultured, and not refined as they are now; thus they found (his given name) Zahir-ud-din Muhammad difficult to pronounce, and for this reason gave him the name of (Babur). He also wrote or dicated his extraordinary memoirs, one of the great monuments of Chaghatai literature, and oversaw the beginnings of an artistic and architectural legacy which fused indigenous traditions with those from Iran and Central Asia (such as the domed tomb, the original model for which was the Gur-e Amir in Samarkand). www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Babur   (4419 words)

02_39_namah When His Majesty reached the village of Kalavali (?), Chaghatai Khan, who as an intimate courtier had means of speaking to him, represented the facts of the loyalty of Rajah Bihari Mal, who was head of the Kachwaha clan, which was a distinguished tribe of Rajputs. In order to effect this purpose he thought of a special alliance, to wit, that he should by means of those who had the right of entree introduce his eldest daughter, in whose forehead shone the lights of chastity and intellect, among the attendants on the glorious pavilion. Inasmuch as graciousness is natural to His Majesty the Shahinshah, his petition was accepted, and His Majesty sent him off from this station along with Chaghatai Khan, in order that he might arrange for this alliance, which is the material of the eternal glory of the family, and quickly bring his daughter. www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00litlinks/abulfazl/02_39_namah.html   (1557 words)

Adshead, Tamerlane Both were rooted in the political background of the Chaghatai khanate and the circumstances of their creation, but in the grand design which guided Tamerlane's efforts to make them permanent, they went beyond past and present toward a different future. In 1360, the weakness of Western Chaghatai attracted invasion from the khan of Moghulistan, Tughluq Temur, who, despite his nomad background, was a recent convert to Islam. He married Husayn's widow, Sarai Khanum, a daughter of the Chaghatai khan Qazan, to gratify the Qaraunas and to consolidate his position as imperial son-in-law, guregen, the highest title to which a non-Chinggisid and Turk could aspire. coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/readings/tamerlane.html   (8519 words)

Great Steppe Empires of Asia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06) Timur, a Turkic vassal of the Chaghatai Mongols in Transoxiana overcame his masters and became the scourge of Central Asia known in the west as Tamerlane. After decades of fighting, Azerbaijan, Iraq and Persia fell under the solid control of the Turcomans around 1460 in the west and the Chaghatai reaffirmed their hold on Mogholistan under Khan Younous around 1480 in the east. After the break up of Tamerlane's empire the Sheybanid horde (from Genghis Khan's grandson Sheyban), who occupied lands southeast of the Ural mountains and who included some Kyrgyz tribes, took the name of Uzbek around 1350 in honour of the Qipchak Khan Ozbeg who had converted most of his horde to Islam a century earlier. www.berclo.net /page97/97en-steppe-empires.html   (2064 words)

A Chronology of World Political History (1201 - 1400 C.E.) Thereafter the Chaghatai was torn by political disintegration. In c.1347 the Khanate split into two parts: [Western] Chaghatai was controlled by the Barlas Tribe while [Eastern] Chaghatai was controlled by the Dughlat Tribe. The Chaghatai Khanate split into two parts again, with [Western] Chaghatai controlled by the Dughlat Tribe, while [Western] Chaghatai was controlled by Husain and Timur of the Barlas Tribe. www.geocities.com /kfzhouy/Chron/Chron7e.html   (7903 words)

The Mongoals and Tibet It was decided that the westward campaign would be led by Jochi's four elder sons, Chaghatai's son Baidar and grandson Büri, Ögedei's two sons Güyük and Kötön, and Tolui's two sons Möngke and Arigh-bukha. In 1225 Chaghatai retained his inheritance, consisting of the territory on the banks of the Onan River and to the south-western part of the Ili River and the territory along the Pamir Ranges. Chaghatai's dynasty ruled this vast empire until it fell to Timurlane in 1369. www.tibet.com /Status/mongol.html   (11744 words)

An Important Old Turki Manuscript in the John Rylands Library. By Alphonse Mingana, D.D. Of the language itself, of the conqueror; not many literary compositions are known to-day, and it is by the language of the conquered nations that their own history is to be sketched in its most striking lines. Between the old and imperfectly known language of the Kudatku Bilik poem, and the Chaghatai ancestral-tongue of the Osmanli-Turkish, there is an intermediary language which so far has not been very accurately studied in its general morphological features and in its distinct relations with the two dialects between which it keeps a juste milieu. The Chaghatai dialect, ancestor of the actual Turkish, has lost the majority of the under-mentioned words, and in the case of the few which it www.bible.ca /islam/library/Mingana/Turki   (2973 words)

Armenian Tourist Attractions: Lori Berd When the Mongols arrived, Lori Berd was the capital of Shahnshah, Zakare's son. Chaghatai, the commander of all the detachments of the pagans, heard about the fortification of the city of Lorhe and about the abundance of treasures in it, for located there were the home of prince Shahnshah and his treasury. [Chaghatai] took with him select weapons and many siege machines, and in full readiness he went and settled in around [Lorhe], besieging the city. www.cilicia.com /armo5_lori-berd.html   (1273 words)

Chinggis Khan In fact, until the end of the 13th century the dominant Mongol prince in the area was Qaidu, a descendant of the second Great Khan, Ogedei: the Chaghatai khans had to take second place. But from the beginning of the 14th century the Chaghatais were supreme, and the Khanate in one form or another survived for centuries. He kept the Chaghatais of Mughulistan at bay - for which service, though himself a nomadic warrior; he received the loyalty of the sedentary population of Transoxania. www.accd.edu /sac/history/keller/Mongols/states6.html   (590 words)

Travel Asia - From The Vicinity Of Kaidu's Position To The - Page 453 of 701 From The Vicinity Of Kaidu's Position To The Territories Occupied By The Branch Of Chaghatai He Exercised Great Influence Over Its Princes, And These Were Often His Allies In The Constant Hostilities That He Maintained Against The Kaan. Indeed, it is not easy to point out the mutual limits of their territories, and these must have been somewhat complex, for we find Kaidu and Borrak Khan of Chaghatai at one time exercising a kind of joint sovereignty in the cities of Bokhara and Samarkand. He joined Dua Khan of Chaghatai in making submission to Teimur Kaan, the successor of Kublai; but before long, on a quarrel occurring between the two former, Dua seized the territory of Shabar, and as far as I can learn no more is heard of the house of Kaidu. www.travelbooksonline.com /asia/0025asiapage453_500.html   (485 words)

TibetNet - The Mongols and Tibet Chaghatai and Ögedei, the Khan's second and third sons respectively, led one unit of the army. The eldest son, Jochi, received the Qipchaq steppe and territory on the Aral and Caspian Seas. The second son, Chaghatai, received territory on the banks of the Onan River and those stretching to the south-western part of the Ili River. www.tibet.net /en/diir/pubs/phri/mongols/data/part1.html   (1379 words)

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