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	Rumkowski's "Give Me Your Children" Speech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Rumkowski was appointed "Eldest of the Jews" of the ghetto when it was established in Feb. of 1940.
		Rumkowski and the Jews in the Lodz Ghetto were in a desperate trap.
		Rumkowski's zest for the administration of his ghetto has many dark facets - his immersion into the power he held displays a sort of megalomania - and the truth was that Rumkowski's power existed only by the blessing of the Germans.
	www.datasync.com /~davidg59/rumkowsk.html (3892 words)

	Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When the extermination camp at Chelmno was instituted in 1941, the Nazis forced Rumkowski to organize the deportation of Some of the ghetto population.
		Rumkowski claimed that he tried to convince the Germans to cut down the number of Jews being deported and failed.
		Rumkowski gave his "Give Me Your Children" speech, pleading with the Jews in the Ghetto to Give up their Children who were ten years of age and younger, as well as the old and the sick, so that others may survive.
	mordechai-chaim-rumkowski.iqnaut.net (485 words)

	Benjamin Kujawski - My Long Road to Freedom
		Rumkowski and his clique, it was never really established who were in fact the initiators of these early deportations.
		Rumkowski's main argument was the rescue of the physical as well as the mental health of the Ghetto workers in order to sustain the Ghetto and avoid further deportations.
		Rumkowski together with his young wife and all members of his immediate family perished in Auschwitz in the same way as thousands of innocent men, women and children perished after the final liquidation of the Lodz Ghetto in August of 1944.
	migs.concordia.ca /memoirs/kujawski/benjamin_kujawski_04.htm (14733 words)

	Chaim Rumkowski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Rumkowski ebbe pieni poteri sul Ghetto e lavorò in stretto contatto con la Gettoverwaltung (l'amministrazione tedesca del ghetto) diretta da Hans Biebow.
		In queste due foto, Rumkowski impegnato in uno dei tanti discorsi tenuti alla popolazione ebraica del ghetto per spingerla a lavorare sempre più intensamente.
		Rumkowski fu ancora una volta strumento dei tedeschi facendosi portavoce degli ordini e spingendo gli ebrei a ubbidire.
	www.olokaustos.org /opposizione/biografie/judenrat/rumkow.htm (472 words)

	The Lodz Ghetto
		Rumkowski believed that if the ghetto became an extremely useful workforce, then the Jews would be needed by the Nazis and thus, the Nazis would make sure that the ghetto received food.
		Rumkowski believed that these people were a direct threat to his work ethic, thus punished them and later, deported them.
		The Nazis told Rumkowski and Rumkowski told the residents that workers were needed in Germany to repair the damages caused by air raids.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Holocaust/lodz.html (2301 words)

	Guide to the Records of the Nachman Zonabend Collection1939-1944RG 241
		Rumkowski was to organize and maintain “orderly community life” with respect to economy, provisioning, labor, health and welfare; to submit to the German administration weekly statistics of all ghetto inhabitants; to list and secure all Jewish assets for the purpose of confiscation except for vitally needed clothes, food and dwellings.
		Rumkowski would appeal and again to those who had left valuable property in the city to inform him “in confidence” about its whereabouts because it was in his power to recover it.
		Rumkowski was obviously telling the truth when, trying to stop the flood of job applications, he publicly announced “...In order to alleviate the misery of several hundred applicants, I have made every effort to find job positions which in fact are not needed.
	www.cjh.org /academic/findingaids/yivo/ncprc/Nachman_Zonabendb.html (10362 words)

	Guide to the Records of the Nachman Zonabend Collection1939-1944RG 241
		Rumkowski’s tasks and prerogatives as the Eldest of the ghetto were outlined in a letter from the Oberbürgermeister (signed by City Commissioner Schiffer) of April 30, 1940.
		Appeal by Rumkowski to house janitors to guard the houses in the ghetto area during resettlement of the Jewish population to the ghetto.
		Rumkowski is authorized to levy a tax to cover his expenditures and to keep as much money in his home as he may need to carry out his tasks.
	www.cjh.org /academic/findingaids/yivo/ncprc/Nachman_Zonabend.html (10223 words)

	Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski (1877 - 1944), Polish-Jewish industrialist and Zionist activist, functioned as the Nazi-nominated head of the Judenrat, or Jewish authorities in the Łódź Ghetto.
		Rumkowski and his family eventually suffered deportation and died in Auschwitz on August 28, 1944.
		Rumkowski's "Give Me Your Children" speech pleaded with the Jews in the ghetto to give up children of ten years of age and younger, as well as the old and the sick, so that others might survive.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mordechai_Chaim_Rumkowski (580 words)

	The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, page 362
		Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski (left), head of the Lódz Jewish Council, confers with Hans Biebow, the German head of the ghetto administration.
		Rumkowski sought vainly throughout 1942 to limit deportations and to turn the ghetto into an irreplaceable factory.
		On September 4, 1942, fears of a renewed deportation from Lódz came to pass when Jewish Council leader Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski announced that 25,000 Jews under the age of ten and over 65 must be resettled outside the ghetto.
	www.holocaustchronicle.org /StaticPages/362.html (493 words)

	Amazon.ca: Rumkowski and the Orphans of Lodz: Books: Lucille Eichengreen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Chaim Rumkowski, the Nazi-appointed leader of the Jewish community in the Polish ghetto of Lodz, has long been a controversial figure, despised by some as a collaborator for his role in the deportation of Jews from the ghetto.
		It is, however, distinguished by its focus on the accusation that she and a number of other boys and girls were victims of sexual abuse by Chaim Rumkowski, the controversial Jewish leader of the Lodz ghetto.
		Rumkowski is regarded as either a megalomaniac collaborator or a man who probably saved thousands of Jews from extermination; Eichengreen weighs in on the former side by linking her story with those of other victims of his pedophilia.
	www.amazon.ca /Rumkowski-Orphans-Lodz-Lucille-Eichengreen/dp/156279115X (490 words)

	Chaim Rumkowski - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		Chaim Rumkowski fue, antes de la invasión alemana de Polonia, un hombre de negocios sin demasiado éxito, militante sionista y director de un orfanato.
		Rumkowski estableció un gobierno férreo que hizo del gueto de Lodz un modelo de cara a las expectativas nazis, cuyas instrucciones en orden al exterminio de sus habitantes cumplía puntualmente.
		Cuando en 1941 a Rumkowski se le ordenó organizar las primeras deportaciones masivas al campo de exterminio de Chelmno, intentó negociar con los nazis una rebaja en el número de personas destinadas al sacrificio.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chaim_Rumkowski (462 words)

	Fritz Hirschberger: "The Fifth Horseman" - Rumkowski
		In 1942 Rumkowski complied with the demand of the Nazis to hand over all children under 10 years of age, all Jews over 65 years and the infirm to the Nazis for deportation (extermination).
		Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski was appointed as "Elder" of the Jews (Alteste der Juden) in the Lodz or Litzmannstadt Ghetto.
		Rumkowski spent much energy appeasing German demands and in the process, he set up a near-dictatorship within his "ghetto kingdom" - which became practically a starving slave colony.
	www.chgs.umn.edu /Visual___Artistic_Resources/Fritz_Hirschberger2/Rumkowski/rumkowski.html (1744 words)

	Mercury House Authors: Lucille Eichengreen/Rebecca Fromer
		Rumkowski and the Orphans of Lodz is a chilling account of a young woman’s experiences in the notorious Lodz Ghetto.
		The ghetto was lorded over by Chaim Rumkowski, Nazi-appointed Jewish Elder of Lodz and former head of the orphanage.
		“Lucille Eichengreen tells the true story of Chaim Rumkowski, the principal person in charge of the Lodz Ghetto, where the author was sent with her mother and sister.
	www.mercuryhouse.org /holocaust.html (691 words)

	the Holocaust in Poland NAZI ghetto Lodz
		Rumkowski petitioned the NAZI authorities in an effort to obtain approval of his plan (April 5, 1940).
		Rumkowski believed that the Jews might be able to survive if they proved useful to the Germans.
		Rumkowski told the remaining residents that the Germans needed workers to repair the damage caused by the Allied strastegic bombing camopaign.
	histclo.com /essay/war/ww2/hol/pol/ghe/ghe-lod.html (3443 words)

	The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust, page 191
		Appointed leader, or Eldest of Jews, of the Lódz Ghetto in 1939, Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski pursued the controversial strategy of "quiet and labor" to further the ghetto's survival.
		Mocked as "King Chaim" by Jews, Rumkowski ruled as a dictator, forcefully quelling all opposition.
		The official seals and the examples of ghetto currency (upper left) testify to the organization of the ghetto, which was overseen by Jewish Council leader Chaim Rumkowski.
	www.holocaustchronicle.org /staticpages/191.html (480 words)

	“The Elder of the Jews”
		According to Rumkowski’s self-delusional reasoning, he was “saving” the remaining Jews by turning over a minimum number to be killed by the Nazis.
		The Israeli Chaim Rumkowskis, the self-described “Peace camp,” who do not even have Rumkowski’s feeble excuse of trying to save his own miserable life, persist in reenacting Rumkowski’s delusional and treacherous folly.
		This is the same “Peace Process” achieved by Chaim Rumkowski, the “Elder of the Jews” who personally supervised the destruction of his brethren in Lodz.
	www.jewish-history.com /editorial/editorial_08052002.html (790 words)

	The Ghettos
		Rumkowski often appeared in public surrounded by his admirers, wearing a white cape and hat.
		He reserved the right to arrest or pardon his "subjects." He told everyone that what he wanted was "peace in the ghetto," and that he hoped to save the lives of the Jews of Lodz.
		But Rumkowski had served them well--there was never an uprising or rebellion in Lodz.
	www.rossel.net /Holocaust07.htm (2257 words)

	Farbers Product 3
		The head of the Lodz ghetto was Chaim Rumkowski, known as "King Chaim", a controversial figure who deeply believed that if he maintained workshops in the ghetto to aid the German war machine, he would be able to save his community.
		In January, 1941, the authorities in the Lodz Ghetto began to record a daily chronicle of the deaths from starvation, physical exhaustion and suicide which serves as a historical source of the hardships and tragedies of the Ghetto inhabitants.
		The final complete poem in the notebook, an acrostic in which the first letters spell Rumkowski's name, was written on January 11, 1942.
	www.farbersrarities.com /prod03.htm (474 words)

	Overstock.com: Rumkowski : Books
		The ghetto was led by Chaim Rumkowski, who, commanded by the Nazis to deliver Jewish young and elder...
		The ghetto was led by Chaim Rumkowski, who, commanded by the Nazis to deliver Jewish young and elderly for deportation to concentration camps, delivered the famous speech, Give me your children!
		Rumkowski managed to deliver fewer than the 24,000 Jews demanded, and there are those who see him as a hero who held off as long as possible.
	www.overstock.com /sm-rumkowski--pg-PROFRAME_pi-354616_ti-82125.html (365 words)

	The Ghettos
		Chaim Kaplan, The Warsaw Diary of Chaim Kaplan (Collier).
		This film tells the story of the Jews of Kovno from the beginning of the war to the annihilation of the ghetto before the city's liberation.
		A compelling documentary about how the Lodz ghetto was administered by Rumkowski under the control of the Nazis.
	www.holocaust-trc.org /edures13.htm (443 words)

	Ghetto Revisited in 'The King And The Jester'
		The "King" is Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, the well-known, controversial Nazi-appointed Jewish leader of the Lodz ghetto, and the "Jester" is Yankale Hershkovits, a street singer who seeks to dispel illusions of survival with his ballads of protest.
		The cast is composed of an Israeli narrator and two emigr_ Russian theater actors — Leonid Kanevsky as the king and Sasha Demidov as the jester — whose appearances in the film are interspersed or combined with historical footage of the ghetto.
		The narrator closes the film with a numerical list of deaths (which include Rumkowski, who was sent to Auschwitz), deportations and survivors.
	www.themoscowtimes.com /stories/2000/03/10/105-print.html (740 words)

	Breman Museum Educational Resources
		The Lodz ghetto served as a sweatshop to the German war effort and as a prison for Jews from diverse regions of Europe en route to the death camps of Chelmno and Auschwitz.
		Self-governed by a Council of Elders, Lodz had a particularly notorious and controversial leader in Chaim Rumkowski.
		Rumkowski forced inhabitants to comply with Nazi orders, believing that the value of Lodz’s labor would secure survival for the majority.
	www.thebreman.org /education/plu.htm (551 words)

	TIME.com: The War Against Forgetfulness THE DROWNED AND THE SAVED by Primo Levi Translated by Raymond Rosenthal; ...
		The megalomaniacal Chaim Rumkowski, a failed Jewish industrialist who, probably with Nazi support, set himself up as the president of the Lodz ghetto, had the power to print his own currency and stamps bearing his portrait.
		In the end Rumkowski came to believe he was the savior of his people, who nevertheless were shipped to the camps when the Germans liquidated the ghetto in 1944.
		According to one version of + Rumkowski's fate, he demanded and got a special car to transport him and his family to Auschwitz, where, to his surprise, his reign ended in the gas chamber.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,966346-2,00.html (587 words)

	Untitled Document
		"The Emperor of the Ghetto" is a one-man play, written by Avraham Cykiert, a survivor of the Lodz Ghetto, in which Hopgood, as Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, tells his story of being arbitrarily selected by the Nazis to run the Ghetto from 1939 to 1944.
		They both used unorthodox methods to save Jews but Rumkowski, controversially, had to oversee the death of many in order to try and save the few who ultimately survived to tell the story - among them Cykiert, the playwright.
		But whatever one's belief, Hopgood's performance is rivetting and the pictures conjured up by one man, standing on a stage, with only three pieces of furniture, have been called by many the most powerful piece of theatre they have ever seen.
	bsp.net.au /HTML/Content/EG.htm (287 words)

	Cutting Off Limbs (Boris Shusteff) April, 1999
		On September 4, 1942 Mordecai Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat of the Lodz Ghetto delivered a speech to the Ghetto inhabitants.
		Rumkowski brought the mantra of peace into his speech in order to prepare the miserable Jews of the Lodz Ghetto for a new sacrifice.
		When Rumkowski wanted the Jews of the Lodz ghetto to sacrifice their children for "peace" he said, "I must perform this difficult and bloody operation - I must cut off limbs in order to save the body itself!
	www.freeman.org /m_online/apr99/shusteff.htm (1281 words)

	[No title]
		Then let all be killed but do not hand over even one soul of Israel." Chaim Rumkowski, the Elder of the Jewish Council in the horrific Lodz ghetto in Poland, ignored the teachings of Rambam (Maimonides), ignored his faith to become a willing lapdog to the brutal Nazi regime.
		Eichengreen, known as Cecelia Landau during her stay in Lodz, survived one day at a time as her mother died quietly of malnutrition and hopelessness, and her little sister fell victim to the roundup of all children under ten and elderly over sixty-five.
		During the four years Cecelia spent in the ghetto, she met Little Bronia, a girl suffering from dwarfism, who confirmed Berkowicz?s story and was horrified by the fact that she now worked for Rumkowski as a messenger to survive.
	www.forewordmagazine.com /reviews/viewreviews.aspx?reviewID=384 (590 words)

	A Response to Chaim Rumkowski’s Speech - Peter Fredlake
		The Rumkowski letter is assigned after we have studied the history of the ghettos.
		Students are writing an argumentative essay, so they should focus on their responses to specific reasons Rumkowski presents to the inhabitants of the ghetto.
		The letter is organized clearly, with an opening that states the writer’s point of view, several paragraphs that support it with facts and reference to Rumkowski’s own arguments, and a closing that makes a specific request of Rumkowski (Proceed with the plan, or not).
	academic.kellogg.edu /mandel/Fredlake.htm (2143 words)

	The deportation- CFIR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In 1943 the deportations to the various extermination camps began.
		In August 1944, Chaim Rumkowski, The Eldest of the Jews was deported in one of the last convoys to Auschwitz were he was killed.
		Letter mailed on June 5, 1941 from Chaim Rumkowski, The eldest of the Jews in the Lödz ghetto which shows the arrival stamp at the Russian city Gorodyszcze (Baranov) and the hand stamp of the German censor.
	www.cifr.it /depo/pag24e.htm (92 words)

	Grange ghetto home page
		After the start of the occupation Czerniaków was elected chairman of the Judenrat, successor to the Kehilla.
		Unlike Chaim Rumkowski, who ran the Lódz Ghetto like a personal empire, Czerniaków did not use coercion against his population unless the Nazis forced him to.
		This meant that he was not ready to confiscate the property of the richer element in the ghetto to help the poor, who formed the vast majority.
	warsawghetto.epixtech.co.uk /20Chlodn.htm (536 words)

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