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Topic: Chalcis

	Battle of Chalcis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sybota – Potidaea – Chalcis – Naupactus – Tanagra – Olpae – Pylos – Sphacteria – Delium – Amphipolis – Mantinea – Sicilian Expedition – Syme – Cynossema – Cyzicus – Notium – Arginusae – Aegospotami – Naxos
		The Battle of Chalcis took place in 429 BC between Athens and the Chalcidians and their allies, in the early part of the Peloponnesian War.
		An army from Chalcis, Spartolus, and Olynthus met the Athenians in battle, but their hoplites were defeated and they retreated to Spartolus; their cavalry, however, was victorious against the Athenian troops.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Chalcis (190 words)

	Chalcis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chalcis or Chalkida, Halkida, Halkis or Chalkis (Greek, Modern: Χαλκίδα, Ancient/Katharevousa: -is), the chief town of the island of Euboea in Greece, situated on the strait of the Euripus at its narrowest point.
		Under Roman rule, Chalcis retained a measure of commercial prosperity; since the 6th century AD it again served as a fortress for the protection of central Greece against northern invaders.
		In 1899, Chalcis became the prefectural capital of Euboea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chalcis (652 words)

	e. Central and Northern Greece. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Chalcis and Eretria, the two largest cities on Euboea, were major powers in the Archaic period, and Euboean coinage, weights, and measures were used throughout the Greek world.
		Chalcis, Eretria, and the Aeolian city of Cyme jointly settled a colony on the island of Pithecusae (Ischia) in the Bay of Naples.
		Eretria settled colonies at Mende in the Chalcidice and at Methone and Dicaea in Macedonia.
	www.bartleby.com /67/182.html (427 words)

	Chalcis - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Chalcis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chalcis is an important trading centre for dairy and agricultural produce; the harbour exports mineral ores, cement, timber, wines, olives, and imports coal and other fuels.
		Chalcis was important in the Middle Ages, when it was called Egripo by the Greeks and Negroponte by the Venetians.
		Chalcis has ruined medieval walls and towers of Venetian construction, and mosques, mostly converted into churches; it is the seat of an Orthodox archbishop.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Chalcis (313 words)

	EUBOEA - LoveToKnow Article on EUBOEA
		In the neighborhood of Chalcis, both to the north and the south, the bays are so confined as readily to explain the storyof Agamemnons fleet having been detained there by contrary winds.
		At Chalcis itself, where the strait is narrowest, it is called the Euripus, and here it is divided in the middle by a rock, on which formerly a castle stood.
		This plain, which intervenes between Chalcis and Eretria, and was a fruitful source of contention to those cities, is the most considerable of the few and small spaces of level ground in the island, and was fertile jIi corn.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /E/EU/EUBOEA.htm (3347 words)

	Chalcis: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Chalcis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chalcis, the chief town of the island of Euboea in Greece, situated on the strait of the Euripus at its narrowest point.
		Chalcis was peopled by an Ionic stock which early developed great industrial and colonizing activity.
		It was used by kings Antiochus III of Syria (192) and Mithradates VI of Pontus[?] (88) as a base for invading Greece.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ch/Chalcis.html (505 words)

	Chalcis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The earliest recorded mention of Chalcis is in the (A Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy) Iliad (2.537), where it is mentioned in the same line as its rival (Click link for more info and facts about Eretria) Eretria.
		In the Hellenistic period, it gained inportance as a fortress by which the (The ancient kingdom of Philip II and Alexander the Great in the southeastern Balkans that is now divided among modern Macedonia and Greece and Bulgaria) Macedonian rulers controlled central Greece.
		Chalcis was also an ancient city in (An Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world's most ancient centers of civilization; involved in state-sponsored terrorism) Syria (modern Quinnesrin).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Ch/Chalcis.htm (882 words)

	Chalcis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chalcis was peopled by an Ionic stock which early developedgreat industrial and colonizing activity.
		With the help of these allies, Chalcis engaged the rival league of its neighbour Eretria in the so-called Lelantine War, by which it acquired the best agricultural district of Euboea and became the chief city of theisland.
		Under Roman rule, Chalcis retained a measure of commercial prosperity; since the 6th century AD it again served as a fortress for the protection of central Greece against northern invaders.From 1209, it stood under Venetian control; in 1470 it passed to the Ottomans, who made it theseat of a pasha.
	www.therfcc.org /chalcis-15017.html (478 words)

	Ancient coins of Euboea
		Chalcis and Eretria, from the dawn of history down to the close of the sixth century, were the two most enterprising cities in European Greece, as is shown by the large number of Chalcidian and Eretrian colonies on the coasts of Thrace, of Southern Italy, and of Sicily.
		The Eagle devouring a Serpent seems to be an emblem of the Olympian Zeus, as on the coins of Elis, for at Chalcis one of the chief shrines was that of Zeus Olympios (cf.
		B.C. Throughout the Macedonian period Chalcis was one of the chief strongholds of the kings of Macedon, and was hence called one of the three fetters of Greece.
	www.snible.org /coins/hn/euboea.html (2233 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Chalcis
		In 2003, a by-pass of Chalkida was opened from the southern part of the bridge to connection with GR-77 with access to GR-44.
		Chalcis was also an ancient city in Syria (modern Quinnesrin).
		Syrian Chalcis was the birthplace of 3rd century AD Neoplatonist philosopher Iamblichus.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Chalcis (851 words)

	The Moor Next Door: The Hadir Qinnasrin Project: Challenging the conventional understanding of pre-Islamic history (and ...
		This was a military aspect no doubt appreciated by the Byzantines, who had made Chalcis the key point for the limes chalcides, their defense of the eastern frontier.
		The Muslim leaders must have appreciated Chalcis as a Byzantine military center on the road from Antioch toward the Euphrates, the key of the limes chalcidis, the eastern frontier (contra the Sasanians).
		The first hurdle was the differentiation of the classical walled city of Chalcis at the town of al-ºIs (Tell Chalcis on the map) from the early Islamic capital of Qinnasrin located at the town of hadir.
	wahdah.blogspot.com /2005/04/hadir-qinnasrin-project-challenging.html (2590 words)

	1999-2000 Excavations at Hadir Qinnasrin
		Chalcis was a classical city of some culture and sophistication, as suggested in the Syriac story of Rabbula who came from an aristocratic family in Qennishrin.
		The story was expounded by Glen Bowersock at the Hama conference in 1999; beyond the relation of Christian conversion is an implication of the existence of a separate Qinneshrin and its association with Arab tribes.
		During the Muslim conquests in northern Syria, the Treaty of Chalcis allowed the Byzantines to evacuate their military forces and civilians from the region (in 637, according to Kaegi).
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/AR/99-00/99-00_Qinnasrin.html (2007 words)

	Kadiphon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He has pulled Chalcis' troops into a number of traps, cutting off their chariots from the center of their army and then decimating them.
		Chalcis is a prairie city, with large herds of cattle.
		Chalcis' main army is located along the Kadiphon border, where constant fighting keeps them quite busy.
	home1.gte.net /vzeoejv5/kadiphon.html (1696 words)

	Euboea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the neighbourhood of Chalcis, both to the north and the south, the bays are so confined as readily to explain the story of Agamemnon's fleet having been detained there by contrary winds.
		The history of the island is for the most part that of its two principal cities, Chalcis and Eretria[?].
		Both cities were lonian settlements from Attica[?], and their importance in early times is shown by their numerous colonies in Magna Graecia and Sicily, such as Cumae, Rhegium[?] and Naxos, and on the coast of Macedonia.
	www.termsdefined.net /eu/euboea.html (980 words)

	Chalcis canadensis parasitizing soldier fly eggs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chalcis canadensis (Cresson) parasitizing soldier fly eggs (Diptera: Stratiomyidae).
		This standing method of oviposition, often employed by this species, allows the female to free an egg from the mass, swing her abdomen forward to oviposit into the egg, release the egg and swing her abdomen (with egg still on ovipositor) behind her where the egg is deposited into a growing pile of parasitized eggs.
		Cowan, D. The function of enlarged hind legs in oviposition and aggression by Chalcis canadensis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae).
	www.sel.barc.usda.gov /hym/chalcids/collecting/Chalcis_canadensis.html (81 words)

	Chalcis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chalcis fue poblado por una acción iónica que desarrolló temprano gran actividad industrial y de colonización.
		Chalcis sintió bien posteriormente a un miembro ambas las ligas de Delian.
		Chalcis era también una ciudad antigua en Siria (Quinnesrin moderno).
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/ch/Chalcis.htm (547 words)

	Eretria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Eretria was listed by Homer as one of the Greek cities which sent ships to the Trojan War.
		In the 8th century BC, Eretria and her near neighbour and rival, Chalcis, were both powerful and prosperous trading cities, and the Eretrians controlled the Aegean islands of Andros, Tenos and Ceos.
		At the end of the 8th century, however, Eretria and Chalcis fought a prolonged war known (mainly from the account in Thucydides) as the Lelantine War.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/e/er/eretria.html (564 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 98.6.12
		Chalcis, established in the 11th century in a very favourable place, is not, however, a very well known city.
		The main conclusion to be extracted from this chapter is that Chalcis and Eretria colonized together in several regions, Rhegion being the last city founded, in the last years of the eighth century.
		With respect to Corinth and Megara P. suggests that the enmity between the two cities may have been developed from the friendship between Corinth and Chalcis, perceived by Megarians as contrary to their interests and expressed in the expulsion of Megarian colonists from Leontinos by Chalcidians, with the approval of Corinthians from Syracuse.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1998/98.6.12.html (2684 words)

	Archaic Period-Politics
		The protagonists were Chalcis and Eretria, two of the strongest cities in the Geometric and Archaic periods and leaders in the colonizing movement.
		Power was held by an aristocratic family in both instances: at Chalcis by the Hippobotae and at Eretria by the Hippeis.
		The allies of Chalcis mentioned are Corinth, Sparta, Erythrae, Thessaly and Samos.
	www.fhw.gr /chronos/04/en/politics/210esw_lila.html (390 words)

	Battle of Chalcis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They destroyed the crops outside Spartolus and began negotiating with pro-Athenian factions in Chalcis, but the anti-Athenian factions asked for help from (Click link for more info and facts about Olynthus) Olynthus.
		An army from Chalcis, Spartolus, and Olynthus met the Athenians in battle, but their (Click link for more info and facts about hoplite) hoplites were defeated and they retreated to Spartolus; their cavalry, however, was victorious against the Athenian troops.
		The Athenians panicked and were routed, with all of their generals and 430 other men killed.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Ba/Battle_of_Chalcis.htm (158 words)

	Italian Armour from Chalcis
		The so-called Chalcis hoard was in large part eventually acquired by the New York Metropolitan Museum of art.
		The Castle of Chalcis was captured by the Turks from the Venetians in 1470, and it is the period from the middle of the 14
		The workmanship of the bascinets is unequal, and this may be accounted for by the supposition that repairs or additions were made by the local armourers with the Venetian army at Chalcis, to helmets sent out from workshops of more expert craftsmen in Italy.
	www.chronique.com /Library/Armour/chalcis.htm (4274 words)

	The Handbook of Biblical Numismatics
		One descendent, Tigranes, was a King of Armenia, and another Herod received the throne of Chalcis (ancient Syria).
		Herod of Chalcis (41-48 CE) was also guardian of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, and appointed the High Priest.
		Both Herod of Chalcis and his son Aristobulus of Chalcis (57-92 CE) felt no need to heed the Jewish prohibition of portraits on the coins issued for their pagan territories, and so their likenesses appeared.
	www.amuseum.org /book/page11.html (472 words)

	Battle of Chalcis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Battle of Chalcis took place in 429 BC between Athens and the Chalcidians and their allies, in theearly part of the Peloponnesian War.
		They destroyedthe crops outside Spartolus and begannegotiating with pro-Athenian factions in Chalcis, but the anti-Athenian factions asked for help from Olynthus.
		An army from Chalcis, Spartolus, and Olynthus met the Athenians in battle, but their hoplites were defeated and they retreated to Spartolus; their cavalry, however, wasvictorious against the Athenian troops.
	www.therfcc.org /battle-of-chalcis-223894.html (131 words)

	Chalcis Flies
		Nowhere in nature is there a more marked example of the corelation between structure and habits than occurs in this family.
		This co-relation descends to the relation between the parasites and their hosts so that it is possible for an experienced person on seeing a new species of Chalcis fly to tell precisely what kind of an insect it will be found to be parasitic upon.
		It goes without saying that the full life of the internal-feeding parasites of this group is very difficult and practically impossible to follow so long as they are within the body of the host insect.
	www.insectguide.net /chalcisflies.html (961 words)

	Eretria -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Jointly with its neighbour Chalcis, it founded Cumae in Italy (c.
		In the Aegean Sea, it forms with the island of Skyros to the northwest, the nomós (department) of Euboea, whose capital is Chalcis.
		Recognized geographically as part of the Greek mainland, which it almost touches at Chalcis, it lies along the coasts of the nomói of Attica, Boeotia, Phthiotis, and Magnesia.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9032881?tocId=9032881 (339 words)

	Chalcis
		City on the western coast of the island of Euboea, facing mainland Greece, north of Athens (area 2).
		Chalcis was the homeland of settlers who founded cities in several parts of the Mediterranean during the VIIIth and VIIth centuries B. C., epecially in Sicily and Italy (Naxos, Cumæ, Zancle,...)
		This is the place where Aristotle died in 322, having fled Athens some time earlier for fear of being tried as pro-Macedonian.
	plato-dialogues.org /tools/loc/chalcis.htm (335 words)

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