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Topic: Chalcophile

	L5 News: The Value of the Moon
		Finally, chalcophile ("sulfur-loving") elements are those that prefer to combine with sulfur; besides sulfur itself, they include metals such as zinc, lead, and copper.
		Even lithophile elements that are relatively volatile, such as potassium and sodium, are rarer in the Moon's crust than the Earth's.
		The siderophiles and chalcophile elements have mostly sunk into the Earth's core, leaving behind a silicate mantle.
	www.nss.org /settlement/L5news/1983-valuemoon.htm (1939 words)

	Trace Element Systematics of Desert Tortoise Shell
		In contrast, the chalcophile elements Zn, As, Sb, and Se, along with Au, have markedly higher normalized abundances.
		This relative enrichment of the chalcophile elements in both bone and scute suggests that sulfur may be important in controlling these trace element patterns.
		These pronounced anomalies in the chalcophile trace elements As, Se, and Sb in several diseased tortoises suggest some perturbation in the concentration, siting, chemical state, or utilization of sulfur within the organism.
	www.deserttortoise.org /abstract/abstracts2000/2000abs15.html (804 words)

	Project - ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits - University of Tasmania
		Chalcophile and volatile contents and petrogenesis of primitive arc and backarc basin magmas (Hunter Ridge, SW Pacific): Assessing magmatic contributions to volcanic-hosted seafloor mineralisation (Doctorate)
		To assess variations in the initial magma volatile and chalcophile element contents among closely spatially and temporarily associated arc magma on the Hunter Ridge, whose geochemical signatures cover boninite-tholeiite-calc-alkaline-adakite spectrum.
		To compare volatile and chalcophile element contents in the initial magmas erupted at backarc basin spreading centres spatially and temporally associated with diverse arc magmatism.
	fcms.its.utas.edu.au /scieng/codes/project.asp?lProjectId=1537 (422 words)

	CAN CHALCOPHILE TRACE ELEMENTS IN PYRITE ASSOCIATED WITH THE LADY LORETTA DEPOSIT DEFINE USEFUL PRIMARY DISPERSION ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In contrast, to the siltstones and shales, conventional analyses of pyrite bands do not reveal anomalous levels of chalcophile elements in samples collected over about 180 metres vertical thickness around the orebody.
		One explanation for the apparent lack of a halo may lie in the difficulty of defining true ‘background’ levels for chalcophile elements in pyrite when using bulk samples.
		Alternatively, the interplay between hydrogenous and hydrothermal processes may produce a complex chalcophile element signature in diagenetic pyrite.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_25194.htm (415 words)

	[No title]
		Siderophile and chalcophile element signatures in the mantles of planets are the result of these processes.
		The hypothesis that siderophile and chalcophile element abundances in the mantle of Earth were established by metal/silicate equilibria at magma ocean pressures and temperatures needs to be tested using direct experimental measurements at magma ocean temperatures and pressures.
		Because of the reputed chalcophile nature of these elements, we wrongly anticipated that they would follow S and that, compared to the Fe-X systems [1], (solid metal/liquid metal) partition coefficients would be considerably lower in S-bearing systems.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /meetings/programs/metsoc93wa.txt (9811 words)

	91
		Re and Os are highly chalcophile and siderophile in magmatic systems, but the processes responsible for Re/Os fractionation are only poorly understood.
		Although the 187Os/188Os and 187Re/188Os ratios of the peridotites appear to be positively correlated, forming a diffuse array on an isochron plot, far stronger correlations are observed between 187Os/188Os and both S and Al2O3.
		A sulphide - silicate melt partition coefficient (DResul/sil) of ~ 325 may be calculated for Re, indicating that the compatibility of Re in the sulphide phase during mantle melting may be similar to those of the moderately chalcophile elements, such as Cu and Ni (Dsul/sil × 245) (Rajamani and Naldrett, 1978).
	www.the-conference.com /JConfAbs/1/91.html (735 words)

	INTRODUCTION
		As a complement to other mineral chemistry and crustal evolution studies undertaken by the shipboard science party and various shore-based researchers, this paper reports the results of an investigation into sulfide mineralization and the presence, or absence for the most part, of platinum-group elements (PGEs) in the gabbros from this location.
		PGEs are chalcophile and siderophile and are known to commonly occur with sulfide minerals in natural rock systems (Naldrett, 1989).
		Although PGE concentrations in oceanic gabbros may be low, the vast amount of ocean crust requires research into the distribution of highly refractory chalcophile elements to evaluate the global PGE budget and determine how PGEs are extracted from the mantle and concentrated in the ocean crust.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/176_SR/chap_07/c7_2.htm (706 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Title : Accretion and Core Formation in the Earth: Evidence from Siderophile and Chalcophile Trace Elements Abstract : This project will investigate the accretion of the Earth and the seperation of the Earth's core and crust from the mantle by analyzing geochemically well-characterized samples from different geochemical reservoirs.
		The abundances of highly siderophile elements in the mantle are not consistent with equilibrium between the core and mantle, as would be expected assuming completely homogenous accretion of the Earth.
		The varying depletions relative to elements with different affinities for Fe-metal or sulfide provide clues to the events involving accretion and metal segregation in the mantle, including the possibility of late veneers that accreted on the Earth after core formation, or the possibility of metal retention in the mantle during core formation.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/GEO/EAR.GEO.a8804070.txt (149 words)

	XANES Spectroscopic Characterization of Selected Elements in Deep-Cleaned Fractions of Kentucky No. 9 Coal
		PIXE spectroscopy was used to determine the elemental concentrations in the same fractions.
		In this investigation, the elements examined include the lithophile elements, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn, and the predominantly chalcophile elements, Fe and As.
		The lithophile elements, except for K, exist in two distinct forms: an organically associated form that contributes as much as 50% of the occurrence of Ti, V, and Cr in the coal and a mineralogical form consisting of either illite (K, Ti, V, Cr) or calcite (Ca, Mn).
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/enfuem/1997/11/i03/abs/ef960118u.html (277 words)

	chalcophile element concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		chalcophile element concept from the Astronomy knowledge base
		physical object > natural object > particle > element > planetary element > chalcophile element
		Next planetary element: lithophile element Up: planetary element Previous planetary element: atmophile element
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/chalcophileelement.html (96 words)

	ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA:
		Lithophile elements, those with a greater affinity for oxygen than iron, combined as oxide compounds, mostly silicates, and provided material for the mantle and crust.
		Chalcophile elements would tend to form sulfides; however, few sulfides are stable at the high temperatures of the Earth's interior, so the fate of the chalcophile elements during the early history of the Earth is somewhat uncertain.
		This primary geochemical differentiation of the Earth can be interpreted in terms of the system iron-magnesium-silicon-oxygen-sulfur, because these five elements make up about 95 percent of the Earth.
	www.islampedia.com /ijaz/html/iron_Ref.htm (751 words)

	Project - Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology - University of Tasmania
		The collection includes fresh and altered comagmatic differentiated volcanic series of island arc lavas (basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite) and spatially associated fresh samples of rocks and glasses of backarc basin basalts.
		To understand the behaviour of volatile and chalcophile elements during differentiation (basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite) of a single geochemical magma type.
		Samples collected from a single volcano on the Hunter Ridge record the entire differentiation history of a mantle-derived magma from a high-magnesian picrite to rhyolite.
	fcms.its.utas.edu.au /scieng/scieng/project.asp?lProjectId=1537 (420 words)

	Chemical and Mineralogical Composition of the Martian Interior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The low abundances of chalcophile elements (Cu, Ni, Co, etc.) in the martian mantle indicate extraction of these elements by an Fe-S phase and its segregation into the core.
		The depletion of chalcophile elements further indicates that contrary to the Earth, for which an inhomogeneous accretion is generally favoured, Mars seems to have accreted homogeneously.
		As a consequence, almost all of the water added to the planet was equilibrated with metallic iron at high temperatures.
	helio.estec.esa.nl /intermarsnet/redreport/node24.html (470 words)

	Work related to precious metal mineralization
		I am interested the reasons why some arcs are very fertile, how metallic elements are transferred from subducting slabs to arc magmas via sub-arc mantle (i.e.,element recycling).
		My current research focuses on the behaviour of sulphur and other chalcophile elements in primitive arc magmas..
		Behavior of chalcophile elements in sub-arc mantle wedge
	www.science.uottawa.ca /~khattori/chalcophile.html (2288 words)

	Created With HTML Assistant Pro - 12/6/96
		Base metal porphyry deposits are interesting because they represent major accumulations of chalcophile elements within the earth's crust, and are set within large hydrothermal systems where prolonged interaction between fluids derived from magmas and country rocks have concentrated these metals well above average crustal values.
		The Pb isotope ratios of some of these deposits also suggest that the crust is influencing metallogeny, but neither study can determine the influence of the mantle on metallogenesis, which must be present as the deposits are linked to subduction processes beneath continental crust and mantle.
		The Re-Os isotope system is uniquely suitable for studying mineralization because Re and Os are strongly chalcophile, and are higher in concentrations in sulfides relative to silicate rocks.
	www.geo.arizona.edu /researchers/jruiz/ReOsPage.html (641 words)

	v43d in sm04
		AB: Our knowledge of how chalcophile and siderophile elements partition in minerals is limited, mainly due to the lack of suitable techniques for their accurate in situ determination.
		Unfortunately, the widespread use of this technique has been limited by enhanced problems specific to chalcophile and siderophile elements.
		These include inaccuracy due to the presence of spectral interferences, elemental fractionation during ablation/ionization and the lack of suitable calibration standards.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=sm04&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/sm04/sm04&maxhits=200&="V43D" (2495 words)

	GFF-online presents: Impact-related Ir anomaly in the Middle Ordovician Lockne impact structure, Jämtland, Sweden
		A distinct Ir anomaly with an Ir content of up to 4.5 ppb is found in resurge deposits tied to the Middle Ordovician Lockne impact structure, Jämtland, Sweden.
		There is a weaker correlation between Ir and chalcophile and siderophile (e.g., Fe, Sb, Zn, and Ni, Co) elements.
		The low-temperature hydrothermal system, which acted after the impact event, mobilised some of the chalcophile and siderophile elements and, thus, resulted in their weaker correlation with Ir in some samples.
	www.gff-online.se /site/article.asp?articleID=473 (233 words)

	Abstracts, Volume 40, Issue 5; May 2005
		In contrast, the compositions of melt inclusions from samples 12018, 12040 and 12035 fall away from model crystallization trends, suggesting that these samples crystallized from melts compositionally distinct from the 12009 parent liquid, and therefore may not be strictly cogenetic with other members of the Apollo 12 picritic basalt suite.
		Therefore, the measured low concentration of chalcophile elements (e.g., Cu, Au, PGEs) in these lavas must be a primary feature of the lunar mantle and not related to residual sulfide remaining in the mantle during melting.
		We estimate the sulfur concentration of the Apollo 12 mare basalt source regions to be ~75 ppm, significantly lower than that of the terrestrial mantle.
	meteoritics.org /Abst_40-5.htm (2169 words)

	[No title]
		Graphically illustrate siderophile, chalcophile, and lithophile tendencies for a variety of elements using the data given in Table IV-8A of the class handout (Li, 2000).
		Group elements with primarily siderophile, chalcophile, and lithophile tendencies together.
		Based on these data, which elements are "siderophile", "chalcophile", and "lithophile"?
	web.pdx.edu /~ruzickaa/G545/Problem1.htm (806 words)

	Geoscience - Minerals - Chemical and physical properties of minerals - Basic chemical principles
		Lithophile elements: those that commonly occur with oxygen within the Earth's crust.
		Chalcophile elements: those that commonly occur with sulfur in the Earth's crust and mantle.
		Siderophile elements: Those that commonly occur with iron in the Earth's mantle and core.
	www.amonline.net.au /geoscience/minerals/principles.htm (751 words)

	Memoirs of a Skepchick » The Origin of the Earth: Part II
		Earth’s elements can also be thought of as generally being atmophile, lithophile, siderophile, or chalcophile (see Figure 5).
		Lithophile elements have a strong affinity for oxygen and are concentrated in the silicate portion of the Earth (i.e.
		Siderophile elements, which have an affinity for iron, and chalcophile elements, which have an affinity for sulfur, are concentrated in Earth’s iron core.
	skepchick.org /blog/?p=535 (1527 words)

	clayart - thread 'let me rephrase "oxides"' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The chalcophile elements are only weakly attached in silicate materials and
		chalcophile group elements (excepting zinc) from glazes to be used in
		of which have strong chalcophile affinities, along with iron itself.
	www.potters.org /subject23045.htm (3229 words)

	UW-ESS Faculty Directory
		Sulfide liquids are found in virtually all igneous environments on Earth, where they occur as immiscible melts in magmatic silicate melts.
		The density of sulfide liquids is ~40% greater than silicate liquids creating a tremendous impetus to segregation of these liquids from their host silicate and consequent modification of Ni, Cu, Fe and other chalcophile trace elements.
		It is by this mechanism that sulfide liquids participated in one of the most significant events in the chemical evolution of Earth and the other terrestrial planets; the segregation of a liquid core.
	www.geophys.washington.edu /people/faculty_bio/kress-bio.html (1044 words)

	Geotimes - July 2004 - Highlights - Economic Geology
		There is a broad consensus that most of the major nickel-copper-platinum group elements sulfide deposits of the world involve some component of crustal sulfur assimilation in their genesis, but there is much debate about details and basic principals.
		The giant Noril'sk-Talnakh deposits have been the subject of vigorous debate over several years centered around the origin of a distinctive signature of chalcophile (particularly platinum group) element depletion in related overlying basalts, and the timing and depth of sulfur assimilation.
		The debate has important implications for the use of platinum depletion signatures as a potential regional targeting tool.
	www.geotimes.org /july04/high_economic.html (897 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #5371295 - Chalcophile elements and Ir in continental Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clays from the western interior of the USA
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Chalcophile elements and Ir in continental Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clays from the western interior of the USA
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=5371295&query_id=0 (129 words)

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