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Topic: Chalk headland

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	The island Rügen - Mecklenburg Vorpommern
		A variety of landscapes await you, from picturesque sandy beaches and forests to sublime coastlines of steep rock and chalk.
		The peninsula Wittow with its chalk deep coast in the west is nearly unwooded; there are vast fields and spacious meadows without worth mentioning rises.
		The until 120 m high chalk reefs show you on the otherwise flat german Baltic Sea coast an unique and fantastic geophysical phenomenon.
	www.ruegen-mv.de /english (433 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Headlands
		The park, with beaches, coves, and headlands, is rich in tropical-plant, animal, and marine life.
		Headlands Beach State Park on Lake Erie draws millions each year.
		Headlands Institute Holds Alumni Weekend After 25 Years of Changing Lives through Environmental Education.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Headlands&StartAt=1 (655 words)

	headland - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about headland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Headlands are often high points on the coastline, usually with steep cliffs, and may be made of more resistant rock than adjacent bays.
		Erosion is concentrated on the flanks of headlands due to wave refraction.
		Good examples include the chalk headland between Handfast Point and Ballard Point near Swanage, England, and the area between Tennyson Down and The Needles, Isle of Wight, England.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /headland (247 words)

	[No title]
		The scarp slope of the chalk is visible at Speeton, where it leaves the coast to form the steep northern edge of the Wolds.
		It comprises 9% of European coastal chalk and is situated on an "oceanic front" between the colder, deeper water of the northern North Sea and the shallower, warmer waters to the south.
		Chalk is a relatively friable material, and the scarcity of knowledge of techniques needed for repair, together with the additional work and expense involved, tend to discourage conversion of building for other uses.
	www.eastriding.gov.uk /environment/sustainability/word/manstrat.doc (7583 words)

	Chester: School of Education
		As chalk is a relatively soft rock the cliffs are continually being eroded by the sea.
		Above the chalk at the top of the cliffs is a layer of boulder clay left behind by glaciers in the last Ice Age.
		Pieces of chalk that fall from the cliffs are worn into smooth rounded pebbles by the action of the waves.
	www.chester.ac.uk /~mwillard/teacher_education/flapjak.htm (1189 words)

	BBC Humber - Nature - Wing and Water: A Walk Around The Bempton Bird Rerserve
		That's because its chalk rocks is covered with mud and boulder clay deposited by retreating ice sheets from the last Ice Age.
		Fossils found further south of the Flamborough Headland show that large animals such as narrow-nosed rhinoceros, straight tusked elephant and hippopotamus once roamed Britain between 128,000 and 116,000 years ago, when the climate was much warmer.
		Other fossils found at the Headland include crinoids or sea lillies, sponges, sea urchins, brachiopods or lamp shells as they are known because of its resemblance to roman lamps.
	www.bbc.co.uk /humber/nature/walks/wing_water/04.shtml (444 words)

	AllRefer.com - coastal erosion Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Rocks and pebbles flung by waves against the cliff face wear it away by the process of corrasion, or abrasion as it is also known.
		Chalk and limestone coasts are often broken down by solution (also called corrosion).
		Frost shattering (or freeze–thaw), caused by the expansion of frozen water in cracks, and biological weathering, caused by the burrowing of rock-boring molluscs and plants, also lead to the breakdown of rock.
	www.allrefer.com /coastal-erosion (984 words)

	Flamborough Head Heritage Coast
		Jutting out miles into the North Sea, the headland has in the past been effectively cut off by the construction, in the Iron Age, of the erroneously named Danes’ Dyke, which encloses five square miles of the peninsula.
		The village of Flamborough itself is situated in the centre of the Headland but the sound and smell of the sea are never far away.
		The lighthouse was built in 1806 by John Matson of Bridlington without the use of scaffolding, is 85 feet tall and stands atop a chalk cliff 170 feet high.
	www.manorhouse.clara.net /main/headland.htm (653 words)

	Top Literature - Flamborough Head
		Flamborough Head is a seven mile (≈11.3 km) long promontory on the Yorkshire coast of England, between the Filey and Bridlington bays of the North Sea.
		It is a chalk headland, and the resistance it offers to coastal erosion may be contrasted with the low coast of Holderness to the south.
		There are larger numbers and a wider range of cave habitats at Flamborough than at any other chalk site in Britain, the largest of which are known to extend for more than 50 m from their entrance on the coast.
	encyclopedia.topliterature.com /?title=Flamborough_Head (507 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Headlands and bays are usually found together on the same stretch of coastline.
		Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast.
		Refraction of waves occurs on headlands concentrating wave energy on them, so many other landforms, such as caves, natural archs and stacks, form on headlands.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=bay (611 words)

	Britain's Coastline
		A band of white chalk running between younger and older rock formations can clearly be seen showing where Old Harry Rocks on the mainland were joined to the Needles on the Isle of Wight.
		Chalk headland on the south coast of England, between Seaford and Eastbourne in East Sussex.
		The white chalk cliffs on the SW of the Isle of Wight reach their highest point at Tennyson Down, 147 metres above sea level, and the spot is marked with the cross of the Tennyson Memorial.
	www.fatbadgers.co.uk /Britain/coast.htm (3781 words)

	National Trust \| Thames & Solent \| Isle of Wight \| History
		With its towering white cliffs, magnificent sea views and Victorian battery, the Needles Headland is perhaps the most recognised area on the island and is certainly one of the Trust's most dramatic landscapes.
		The headland was bought from the Ministry of Defence in 1975 with funds from the Trust's Neptune Coastline Campaign.
		The cottages are constructed of chalk blocks and ironstone, both available within a mile of the village.
	www.nationaltrust.org.uk /main/cymraeg/lo/w-thames_solent-isleofwight-history.htm (929 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for headland
		Cape Bonavista, the headland of the Bonavista Peninsula, marks the southern entrance to the bay and is the reputed landfall (1497)...
		In the 12th century a Norman castle was built on the headland.
		Headland Machinery To Serve As Cimatron's Australia, New Zealand Distributor
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=headland&StartAt=11 (666 words)

	Flamborough Village Community Website - East Yorkshire, UK
		The massive peninsula of Flamborough is situated on the East coast of Yorkshire, England, and forms one of the most impressive landscapes of this stretch of coastline.
		The headland extends into the wild North Sea by approximately 6 miles.
		The headland is a peaceful place, full of interest and enjoyment, which can often be missed by the casual observer.
	www.flamboroughuk.net (216 words)

	Coastal Erosion Landforms
		Due to wave refraction energy will be less concentrated on the hard rock (headlands) and this will slow down the erosion of the bay.
		Chalk is relatively more resistant to erosion and this is slowing down the northward erosion movement.
		The headland is made of resistant rock (chalk / granite).
	www.revision-notes.co.uk /revision/700.html (528 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Seven Sisters, Sussex
		The Seven Sisters are a famous series of chalk cliffs by the English Channel.
		The Needles, part of the extensive Southern England Chalk Formation Chalk is a soft, white, porous form of limestone composed of the mineral calcium carbonate.
		Beachy Head (Grid reference TV587955) is a chalk headland on the south coast of England, close to the town of Eastbourne in the county of East Sussex.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Seven-Sisters%2C-Sussex (722 words)

	os52c in fm02
		The mixed layer depth and density at the time of chalk injection, and the subsequent development of stratification and shear were used to diagnose the development of the chalk patch due to vertical mixing and horizontal advection.
		Proof of DOM binding onto the chalk particles was also apparent from the continuous absorption measurements at 412nm of 0.2æm pre-filtered seawater, which showed extreme "lows" in the distribution of colored dissolved organic matter coincident with patches of chalk (see also poster by Bowler et al.).
		The chalk's extremely well-defined light scattering and stable isotope properties made it possible to monitor the patch evolution and examine the importance of physical processes (horizontal shear, vertical mixing), grazing (macro- and micro-zooplankton), aggregation, interactions with dissolved organic carbon and sinking (estimated with drifting sediment traps).
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=fm02&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/fm02/fm02&maxhits=200&="OS52C" (6597 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The cliff there is the highest chalk sea cliff in Britain, rising to 162 m (530 ft) above sea level.
		The chalk was formed in the Cretaceous period when the area was under the sea, 65 million years ago.
		During the Cenozoic Era the chalk was uplifted, and was later eroded to form the dramatic cliffs of the Sussex coast.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Beachy_Head (646 words)

	GeoTopics @ GeoNet
		Flamborough is the headland that forms the most northerly point of the Holderness Coast.
		The chalk lies in distinct horizontal layers, formed from the remains of tiny sea creatures millions of years ago.
		Above the chalk at the top of the cliffs is a layer of till (glacial deposits) left behind by glaciers 18,000 years ago, during the last Ice Age.
	www.bennett.karoo.net /topics/flamborough.html (274 words)

	BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Geography \| Coastal regions \| Coastal features created by erosion
		Headlands are formed when the sea attacks a section of coast consisting of alternating bands of hard and soft rock.
		The areas where the soft rock has eroded away, next to the headland, are called bays.
		When the arch collapses, it leaves the headland on one side and a stack (a tall column of rock) on the other.
	www.bbc.co.uk /schools/gcsebitesize/geography/coastal/coastalfeaturesrev2.shtml (385 words)

	Yorkshire Wolds at AllExperts
		They are formed from chalk, and make an arc from the Humber estuary west of Kingston-upon-Hull up to the North Sea coast between Bridlington and Scarborough.
		On the other side of the Humber, the chalk formations continue as the Lincolnshire Wolds; in fact, one can view the Humber as cutting through a single formation.
		The chalk formation of the hills provides exceptionally good drainage, with the result that most of these valleys are dry; indeed, surface water is quite scarce throughout the Wolds.
	en.allexperts.com /e/y/yo/Yorkshire_Wolds.htm (450 words)

	Quick facts about the Jurassic Coast
		This cliff section of Upper, Middle and Lower Chalk is part of the “Great Unconformity”.
		The sea has eroded a natural arch in the cliff headland, “Bat’s Hole”.
		The Chalk here has been twisted by 90 degrees to the vertical.
	www.jurassiccoastline.com /jurassic_Info1.asp?ID=190 (40 words)

	Beachy Head : Beachy Head
		eo:Beachy Head Beachy Head is a chalk headland on the south coast of England, close to the town of Eastbourne in the county of East Sussex.
		Beachy Head is a chalk headland on the south coast of England, close to the town of Eastbourne in the county of East Sussex.
		The cliff there is the highest chalk sea cliff in Britain, rising to 162 m (530 ft) above sea level http://www.eastbourne.org/tourism/beachyhead/beachy_hf.htm.
	www.gogeeky.net /title/beachy-head (251 words)

	UK FOSSILS, 177 Fossil Collecting Locations! geological guides and thousands of photos
		Once you pass the headland at Chippel Bay, the follownig bay is Pinhay Bay.
		A lump hammer may come in useful as there are a number of large chalk boulders which can be split.
		The two headlands at Pinhay bay and the headland between Pinhay and Chippel often are hit by the tide.
	www.ukfossils.co.uk /sec014a.htm (230 words)

	Flamborough Lighthouse - New Fall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The path along field headlands is followed past Old Fall Plantation, a haven for migrating and local birds.
		On the way you will see an octagonal chalk tower which was the "Old Flamborough Lighthouse." This octagonal chalk tower, patched in places by red brick, was built by Sir John Clayton in 1673 and is believed to be the oldest building of its type in England.
		The old lighthouse was, it is believed, used from 1840 until the early part of the 20th Century as marine telegraph station and although unsafe at present, it is hoped that one day it may be open to the public.
	www.bridlington.net /bridlington-holidays/walk-lighthouse-new-fall.htm (687 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The village is five miles north of the town of Swanage, over a steep chalk ridge.
		The bay is protected from the prevailing winds and storms by Old Harry Rocks, the chalk headland that separates Studland from Swanage bay.
		This has allowed, over a period of approximately 600 years, a sandy beach to be deposited against the reddened sandstone cliffs, at the south end of the bay, and the Reading and London clay formations at the north end of the bay.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Studland (978 words)

	Geological Sites of Interest
		The white and red rock above is chalk which originates from the sea bottom and is formed from plant and animal remains which sink.
		(A specimen of red chalk is shown in the top left hand corner) Some shell fragments and fossils are visible.
		The red colour of the middle layer is due to the presence of iron oxides but there has been much debate about how they came to be in the chalk.
	www.geocities.com /mineralsgems/hunstanton.htm (201 words)

	Guide to English and Welsh Lights
		Chalk Tower — A tall disused white octagonal chalk tower built by Sir John Clayton in 1669 as a lighthouse but used as a beacon, situated on the chalk headland of Flamborough Head.
		A tall red and white painted stone circular tower lighthouse with a traditional light currently operated by Trinity House and situated at the base of the Needles chalk promontory at the western edge.
		Built in 1841 and altered in 1913 the tower is 39 feet high and the light is visible for 10 miles.
	www.michaelmillichamp.ukgateway.net /page2.html (13942 words)

	Flamborough Head - Special Area of Conservation - SAC
		The reefs and cliffs on the north side of the headland are very hard, resulting in, for example, the presence of many overhangs and vertical faces, a feature uncommon in sublittoral chalk.
		The clarity of the relatively unpolluted sea water and the hard nature of the chalk have enabled kelp Laminaria hyperborea forests to become established in the shallow sublittoral.
		Towards the eastern end of the site the chalk is masked by drift deposits, which support mesotrophic and acidic grassland communities.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /ProtectedSites/SACselection/sac.asp?EUCode=UK0013036 (631 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Situated at the mid-point of the Yorkshire coast is Filey Bay, shouldered on its northern extremity by peninsular headland known as Carr Naze, the seaward extremity as Filey Brigg.
		At the southern lip of Filey Bay is the chalk headland that is the best known geographical feature of the Yorkshire coast, Flamborough Head.
		The chalk cliffs of Flamborough Head rise to a height of 450 feet, but are riddled with gullies, tiny beaches and inlets at the foot, and honeycombed with caves that serve as habitats to countless seabirds, and once as hiding places for smugglers.
	members.lycos.co.uk /fileybay/topo.html (1176 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Beachy Head
		Beachy Head () is a chalk headland on the south coast of England, close to the town of Eastbourne in the county of East Sussex.
		The famous Belle Tout lighthouse built in 1831 is located near the edge of the cliff on the next headland west from Beachy Head.
		It was moved more than 17 m (50 ft) further inland in 1999 due to cliff erosion [1].
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Beachy_Head (402 words)

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