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Topic: Challenger 2 tank

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	Challenger 2 tank - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Challenger 2 is equipped with an 120 mm L30A1 tank gun, the successor to the gun used on Chieftain and Challenger 1.
		The Challenger 2 is likely to be one of the most heavily armoured western made tanks, the turret and hull are protected with second generation Chobham armour (also known as Dorchester) the details of which are still classified.
		The Challenger Lethality Improvement Programme is a programme to upgrade the main gun of the Challenger from its current 120mm L30A1 rifled gun with the 120mm Rheinmetall L55 smoothbore gun currently used by the Leopard 2 A6.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Challenger_2 (2218 words)

	Global Defence Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In terrain crossing and combat performance the Challenger 2 is an excellent desert tank, but Saif Sareea 2 exposed a vulnerability to dust ingestion and especially the fine sand particles in the Oman.
		This was not an isolated incident as Challenger 2 tanks of the 7th Armoured Brigade were effective in the rapid collapse of resistance in Basra.
		As the Challenger 2's original equipment manufacturer, Alvis Vickers Ltd (AVL) is expected to have a role in this pilot scheme which is designed to explore the impact of reconfiguring the existing Challenger 2 turret to accommodate the new gun and remodelling the stowage arrangements in the turret and hull for its associated one-piece ammunition.
	www.global-defence.com /2006/Utilities/article.php?id=26 (1397 words)

	Main Battle Tank - Challenger 2
		The Challenger 2 is the first British Army tank since World War II to be designed, developed and produced exclusively by a single prime contractor, Vickers Defence Systems, with set reliability goals laid down in the fixed price contract.
		The tank accommodates four members of crew, the commander, gunner, driver and the loader, for increased fightability and effective round-the-clock operation, which is strongly influenced by the number of crew which can be carried.
		Challenger 2 is equipped with an L30, 120 mm rifled tank gun from the Royal Ordnance division of British Aerospace Defence Ltd at Nottingham, UK.
	64.26.50.215 /armorsite/chall2.htm (3522 words)

	Army Technology - Challenger 2 - Main Battle Tank
		Challenger 2 is in service with the British Army and with the Royal Army of Oman.
		Challenger 2 entered service with the British Army in June 1998 and the last of the 386 tanks was delivered in April 2002.
		Challenger 2 is also equipped with a Boeing 7.62mm chain gun, which is located to the left of the main tank gun.
	www.army-technology.com /projects/challenger2 (1084 words)

	Challenger 2
		During Challenger's six-day mission, she planned to teach two lessons from orbit to classrooms across the nation as the first teacher in space, indeed, the first truly private citizen to win a seat on a space shuttle.
		Harris: "...3, 2, 1 and liftoff..." An electronic command was sent to each solid rocket booster and eight giant exploding bolts at the base of each SRB detonated, freeing Challenger from the launch pad.
		Challenger's launch was unique in that it took off from launch pad 39B in the first use of that Apollo moon rocket facility since 1975 when three astronauts blasted off in a Saturn 1B rocket to link up with two Soviet cosmonauts in the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
	www.space-shuttle.com /challenger2.htm (6019 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The word tank was used to give the workers the impression they were constructing tracked water containers for the British army in Mesopotamia, and the name became official 1915-12-24.
		The first tank to engage in battle was D1, a Mark I British tank used during the Battle of Flers-Courcellette (part of the Battle of the Somme), near Delville Wood on 1916-09-15.
		Tanks were also used to great effect in the Battle of Amiens, when Allied forces were able to break through entrenched German position due to armoured support.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Tank (9519 words)

	Challenger 2 Tank
		Challenger 2 is equipped with an L30, 120 mm rifled tank gun from the Royal Ordnance.
		Challenger 2 is also equipped with a 7.62 mm chain gun, which is located to the left of the main tank gun.
		Challenger 2 can also set a smoke screen by the injection of diesel fuel into the engine exhausts.
	www.army.mod.uk /2rtr/2rtr_today/challenger_2_tank/index.htm (545 words)

	Shuttle Orbiter Challenger (OV-99)
		Challenger, the second orbiter to become operational at Kennedy Space Center, was named after the British Naval research vessel HMS Challenger that sailed the Atlantic and Pacific oceans during the 1870's.
		Challenger had been built with a simulated crew module and the forward fuselage halves had to be separated to gain access to the crew module.
		Two orbiters, Challenger and Discovery, were modified at KSC to enable them to carry the Centaur upper stage in the payload bay.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/resources/orbiters/challenger.html (553 words)

	Challenger 2 Main Battle Tank (UK)
		In June 1991, the Challenger 2 was selected over US (M1 Abrams), German (Leopard 2) and French (Leclerc) rivals and a contract worth £520 million was placed to produce 140 tanks (including 13 driver training tanks).
		Challenger 2 is the first British tank since the Second World War to have been exclusively designed, developed and produced by a contractor with set reliability goals set down in the fixed-price contract.
		The Omani Challenger 2s have a number of modifications to suit operations in the Middle East such as a modified water cooling system and airflow, larger radiators, and the replacement of the 7.62mm machine gun with a 12.7mm one.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/weapons_challenger2.html (898 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Life inside a Challenger 2
		At £5.6m a piece, the UK's main battle tank, the Challenger 2, is an expensive piece of kit but, as BBC News Online discovered, it is not a great environment to work in, especially in the stifling heat of the Iraqi desert.
		A British soldier takes a break under his Challenger II Mr Tusa said the Challenger 2 had an environmental control system which was an improvement on Challenger 1 but he said it was unable to cope with the sweltering heat of the desert.
		The tank is also "extremely cramped" with four fully grown men sharing a space barely 15 feet by 10 feet and only about six feet high.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/2903273.stm (621 words)

	Main Battle Tank: Challenger 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The superb Challenge 2 (CR2) is the British Army’s Main Battle Tank.
		CR2 is based on the Challenger 1 that served with distinction on operations in the Gulf War and the Balkans.
		Only 5 per cent of Challenger 2 components are interchangeable with its predecessor; over 150 major modifications include a completely new turret, L30 CHARM 120mm gun and second generation Chobham armour.
	www.army.mod.uk /equipment/av/av_ch2.htm (214 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Fact file: Challenger 2
		The Challenger 2 is the UK's main battle tank, and as such its key function is to destroy enemy tanks.
		Improvements to air filters have had to be undertaken to enable the tank to function properly in hot and sandy environments.
		The tank has a four man crew and an ability to target and destroy as many as eight targets a minute.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/2519005.stm (341 words)

	51-L
		The fl color and dense composition of the smoke puffs suggest that the grease, joint insulation and rubber O-rings in the joint seal were being burned and eroded by the hot propellant gases.
		Within 45 milliseconds of the breach of the External Tank, a bright sustained glow developed on the fl-tiled underside of the Challenger between it and the External Tank.
		This was the beginning of the structural failure of hydrogen tank that culminated in the entire aft dome dropping away.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/51-l/mission-51-l.html (1602 words)

	KFOR Online Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The live fire was performed with a Challenger 2 tank similar to how it would have been normally used on an operation.
		They were not only testing the tanks, but all the equipment in their squadron, as well as training the crew.
		They were proving whether the crews are able to use the full potential of the Challenger 2 on distances between 400 and 2500 meters.
	www.nato.int /kfor/chronicle/2001/nr_010101.htm (290 words)

	Challenger
		In December 1988 it was announced that Vickers Defence Systems was to be awarded a £90 million contract to undertake a demonstration phase (also referred to as the proof of principle phase) which lasted until September 1990.
		The Challenger 2 is produced at the Vickers Defence Systems plants in Leeds and Newcastle.There are over 250 subcontractors (both UK and Overseas) involved at some point in the manufacturing process.
		The total value of the contract is £800 million and means that production of the Challenger 2 will continue at least until the year 2000 and that the British Army will be equipped with Challenger 2s while the Challenger 1 will be phased out.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/land/row/challenger2.htm (877 words)

	Challenger 2 - Tanks, APCs and Armored Vehicles
		Challenger 2 is based on the Challenger 1 that served with distinction on operations in the Gulf War and the Balkans.
		Only 5 percent of Challenger 2 components are interchangeable with its predecessor and feature over 150 major modifications including a completely new turret, L30 CHARM 120mm gun and second generation Chobham armour.
		Essentially, though sharing some physical characteristics with the Challenger 1 tank, the Challenger 2 series is a whole new breed of tank.
	www.militaryfactory.com /armor/detail.asp?armor_id=11 (330 words)

	Crunch time for British tank ammunition policy - Jane's Land Forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The tungsten kinetic energy anti-tank ammunition for the British Army's Challenger 2 tank fleet may be withdrawn from service in 2003, IDR has learned.
		The L23 120mm tungsten penetrator ammunition began in development as an operational emergency (OE) upgrade for the Chieftain (and subsequently the Challenger 1) tank in 1978.
		Nonetheless, for the British Army it has remained on the operational inventory, not least because of the relative paucity of modern tanks encountered in the hands of potentially hostile forces in recent peace support missions, but also to exploit the less burdensome political image of tungsten ammunition in comparison with depleted uranium types.
	www.janes.com /defence/land_forces/news/idr/idr010523_1_n.shtml (593 words)

	Challenger 1 Main Battle Tank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Challenger is a development of the Centurion/Chieftain line, modified to produce the Shir/Iran 2 originally planned for service with the Iranian forces.
		The main differences between Challenger 1 and its predecessor Chieftain are the Challenger engine, which produces 1,200bhp at 2,300rpm, far more powerful than the Chieftain engine, and the Chobham Armour, which gives very high protection levels against anti armour weapons.
		It is planned to begin withdrawing the Challenger 1 from service in 1998 and it should be completely replaced by Challenger 2 by 2002.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/land/row/challenger1.htm (199 words)

	Advanced Ultralight Aircraft - Challenger - National Ultralight Canada - Performance Table
		Key to the unique soaring capability of the long wing are the low drag tandem seating and low wing loading, which result in a low sink rate, plus the low stall speed, which permits very small diameter turns in the thermal's core.
		Challengers can use auto gas (87 octane), avgas (100LL) or marina gas (87-89 octane), which may be intermixed.
		For the Challenger II 582 Premium Package takeoffs are 1/3 to 1/2 shorter, climb is 50 to 100% faster, and, although you can go faster, fuel consumption at any given speed is about 20% lower.
	www.challenger.ca /airplane_performance_table.html (645 words)

	[No title]
		Worcester RE:Brits' Scrapping Challenger 2 - structure 2/17/2004 6:54:27 PM They're just switching a heavy brigade for a light brigade, they're keeping the CR2's in reserve but the two armored regiments in the brigade will switch to Scimitar (30mm)/Striker (AT missile) tracked, armored hi-speed recon.
		PuckaMan Challenger 2 2/18/2004 12:13:31 AM An interesting track the Brits are taking, my guess it would be in response to the increasing need for a quick deployment mech force for peacekeeping/interventions etc. Not a bad Idea, but I'd be converting an Infantry force, rather than a heavy armour force.
		Downunder RE:Brits' Scrapping Challenger 2 - Scorpion 2/22/2004 6:04:45 PM New Zealand still used them the last time I heard, but I beleive that the erill 90mm is a low muzzle velocity weapon that only fires HESH, no Sabot rounds...
	www.strategypage.com /messageboards/messages/2-5293.asp (850 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| 'Friendly fire' kills two Britons in tank
		Two soldiers were killed and two wounded when a Challenger 2 tank fired at another British tank near Basra yesterday.
		Early reports suggested that a tank from the Queen's Royal Lancers, which was supporting infantry in the area, was hit by a depleted uranium round.
		The Challenger 2 is the world's most heavily protected battle vehicle, but would have stood little chance against super-dense depleted uranium shells fired from the other tank's 120mm gun.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/03/26/nbrits26.xml (422 words)

	Amazon.com: Challenger 2 Main Battle Tank 1987-2006 (New Vanguard): Books: Simon Dunstan,Tony Bryan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Challenger 2 is the current Main Battle Tank of the British Army and represents the culmination of 80 years of tank design.
		What I enjoyed reading most of all was the detailed description of the logistical challenges in deploying the CR2 in Oman and Iraq and the combat performance of the CR2 in Iraq in Operation "Telic", where the CR2 distinguished itself in urban fighting and encounters with T55 tanks.
		The CR2 is one of the few battle-proven new generation tanks along with the Challenger 1, the M1 Abrams, and the Merkava.
	www.amazon.com /Challenger-Battle-Tank-1987-2006-Vanguard/dp/1841768154 (1213 words)

	Challenger 2 smoothbore technology demonstrator contract expected - Jane's Land Forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		As the Challenger 2's original equipment manufacturer, Alvis Vickers Ltd (AVL) is expected to have a role in this pilot scheme, designed to explore the impact of reconfiguring the existing Challenger 2 turret to accommodate the new gun and re-modeling the stowage arrangements in the turret and hull for its associated one-piece ammunition.
		As it stands, the DM53 is not qualified for use in the more extreme (A1) climatic conditions found in the Middle East, and there may therefore be a case for the collaborative development between Rheinmetall and ROD of a new IM (insensitive munitions)-compliant KE round, suitable for worldwide deployment.
		As the Challenger 2's original equipment manufacturer, Alvis Vickers Ltd is expected to have a role in this pilot scheme, designed to explore reconfiguring the existing Challenger 2 turret to accommodate the new gun and remodelling the stowage arrangements in the turret and hull for its associated one-piece ammunition.
	www.janes.com /defence/land_forces/news/idr/idr031021_1_n.shtml (593 words)

	[No title]
		Was looking at some interesting reading on the net regarding modern tanks, alot of people are under the impression the british challenger 2 tank has the best armour in the world (I always thought it was the M1).
		You would give the Leopard 2 the nod for the gun system (the 120 is their baby) The M1a2 for speed and new gee wiz electronics The Challenger 2 for overall protection Great site on the Leopard...not as well known as the other two!
		Best armour: Challenger 2 Best crew survivability: Merkava 4 Best FCS and observation: Merkava 4 or M1A2 Best armed (AT): potentially the Leopard 2A6, but since no users use DU, The Abrams edges it out.
	www.strategypage.com /messageboards/messages/2-13903.asp (296 words)

	YouTube - Top Gear - Range Rover Sport vs Challenger 2 tank
		The thing about the Challenger 2 is that it is more accurate, but it can't shoot as far as the American Abrams.
		I think the Challenger 2 is the best tank in the world, my Dad was in one of those.
		I believe the Challenger and m1 Abrahms are equal, depends on how well trained the crew is. I would guess whoever gets off the first Critical hit wins.
	www.youtube.com /watch?v=YZNFTPg1pys (541 words)

	Challenger
		The Challenger turnaround: educating workers to manage their jobs.
		Autonomy, interdependence, and social control: NASA and the space shuttle Challenger.
		Teaching from tragedy: an interdisciplinary module on the space shuttle Challenger.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0811244.html (229 words)

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