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	The Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, 1986
		The launch of Challenger had been delayed five times due to bad weather, January 28 was the coldest day that NASA had ever launched a shuttle.
		Challenger was traveling at a speed of Mach 1.92, at a height of 46,000 feet, when it blew up.
		The right aft field joint sealing was the prime suspect to the cause of the accident, because the smoke after ignition and flame during flight, came from the region of the aft field joint.
	www.jlhs.nhusd.k12.ca.us /Classes/Social_Science/Challenger.html/Challenger.html (2958 words)

	Space Shuttle Challenger - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Challenger, along with Discovery was modified at KSC to be able to carry the Centaur-G upper-stage in its payload bay.
		Challenger was one of two space shuttles destroyed in an accident during a mission, the other being Columbia.
		Challenger was destroyed in the second minute of STS-51-L, the orbiter's tenth mission, on January 28, 1986, when an O-ring seal on its right solid rocket booster failed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger (582 words)

	LY: 2008 Dodge Challenger
		Chrysler announced that the Dodge Challenger will be produced as a coupe, to arrive in dealerships in 2008 (as a 2008 model year car), and to be built on the same line as the 300, Charger, and Magnum.
		The Challenger may ride a shorter wheelbase to decrease weight, but on the other hand, it may simply be a two-door variant, much as the original Dodge Charger was a two-door version of the Coronet.
		Challenger is an appropriate name this time around; just as the original rode on a shortened B-body platform (with some A-body elements, called the E-body platform), the new Challenger will ride on a shortened LX platform - with two doors.
	www.allpar.com /cars/dodge/challenger.html (2967 words)

	Presidential Commission Report on the Challenger Accident
		THE CHALLENGER ACCIDENT Just after liftoff at.678 seconds into the flight, photographic data show a strong puff of gray smoke was spurting from the vicinity of the aft field joint on the right Solid Rocket Booster.
		THE CONTRIBUTING CAUSE OF THE ACCIDENT The decision to launch the Challenger was flawed.
		FINDINGS The genesis of the Challenger accident -- the failure of the joint of the right Solid Rocket Motor -- began with decisions made in the design of the joint and in the failure by both Thiokol and NASA's Solid Rocket Booster project office to understand and respond to facts obtained during testing.
	www.chron.com /content/interactive/special/challenger/docs/report.html (11574 words)

	Challenger Disaster
		Together with Christa’s parents and sister, everyone watched in horror as the Challenger exploded, destroying all of Christa’s plans of sharing her adventure with her family and thousands of students across the United States.
		His assignment on the Challenger was to launch a small, scientific platform, which would help him study Halley’s comet.
		The seven crewmembers that lost their lives on the Challenger will always be remembered as heroes because they risked their lives for the benefit of space exploration.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0215468/shuttle_challenger_disaster.htm (1200 words)

	Challenger Center: Organization History
		In the aftermath of the Challenger accident, the crewâs families came together, still grieving from loss, but firmly committed to the belief that they must carry on the spirit of their loved ones by continuing the Challenger crewâs educational mission.
		Cheryl McNair, widow of Challengerâs Mission Specialist, Ronald McNair, said, "It was good to be able to focus on something positive and know that something good could come from the tragedy." Jane Smith Wolcott, whose husband Mike Smith piloted the shuttle, agreed: âWe did this for ourselves, and for the children.
		On the first observance of the Challenger accident, the family members released a "Letter to America".
	www.challenger.org /about/history.cfm (1228 words)

	USATODAY.com - Remembering Challenger 20 years later (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		CAPE CANAVERAL — Twenty years ago, space shuttle Challenger blew apart into jets of fire and plumes of smoke, a terrifying sight witnessed by the families of the seven astronauts and by those who came to watch the historic launch of the first teacher in space.
		Challenger was brought down just after liftoff by a poorly designed seal in the shuttle's solid rocket booster, which has since been redesigned and has performed without problems.
		The Challenger disaster came in an era of tighter budgets, smaller workforces and a constant need for the space agency to justify the shuttle program that followed the heyday of the Apollo moon shots.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/space/2006-01-26-challenger-anniversary_x.htm (927 words)

	History of Challenger
		After the Space Shuttle Challenger accident in 1986, the families of the Challenger astronauts wanted to continue the educational mission of the crew.
		The idea for the first mission, Rendezvous with Haley's Comet, is based on the training the Challenger Shuttle astronauts received at the Houston Museum of Natural Science just one month before the Challenger accident.
		The Challenger Center is a tool for teachers to help them work on teamwork, problem-solving, critical thinking, and processing information with their students.
	www.hmns.org /see_do/challenger_center/history_of_challenger.asp (385 words)

	Challenger accident
		- Causes and consequences of the Challenger accident.
		The Challenger Accident - The Challenger Accident: An Analysis of the Mechanical and Administrative Causes of the Accident and the Redesign Process that Followed
		Feynman's Appendix to the Rogers Commission Report on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident - Feynman's Appendix to the Rogers Commission Report on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident.
	www.ability.org.uk /challenger_accident.html (225 words)

	The Challenger Accident
		The design of the solid booster joint was insufficiently robust to cope with the effects of re-usability, low temperature O-ring compression response, and movement during acceleration and wing turbulence.
		Everybody has the right to know what happened for the challenger searching and after searching about the reasons for the explosion; we could know that the temperature was the main reason.
		The Challenger’s reaction control system ruptured and hypergolic burn of its propellants occurred as the system exited the oxygen-hydrogen flames (giving a reddish-brown tinge at the edge of the main fireball).
	www.geocities.com /yosefasad/chal.htm (1165 words)

	Spaceflight :The Challenger Accident
		The consensus of the commission and participating investigative agencies was that the loss of Challenger was caused by a failure in the joint between the two lower segments of the right solid rocket motor.
		The specific failure was the destruction of the O-ring seals that were intended to prevent hot gases from leaking through the joint during the propellant burn of the rocket motor.
		The findings of the commission determined that the genesis of the Challenger accident-the failure of the joint of the right solid rocket motor-began with decisions made in the design of the joint and in the failure by both Thiokol and NASA to understand and respond to facts obtained during testing.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/SPACEFLIGHT/challenger/SP26.htm (1503 words)

	Selected Congresional Hearings and Reports from the Challenger Space Shuttle Accident: Main Page
		Following the tragedy, a series of congressional hearings were held, including a joint hearing between the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House Science Committee (February 12); and a House Science Committee hearing on implications of the Columbia accident on NASA programs and budget (February 27).
		The Apollo 13 Accident - (Hearing) U.S. House Committee on Science and Astronautics.
		Investigation of the Challenger Accident - (Report) U.S. House Committee on Science and Technology.
	www.gpoaccess.gov /challenger (536 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| The Challenger Accident \| Timeline
		Challenger's wings cartwheeled away on their own but the aft engine compartment held together, falling in one large piece toward the Atlantic Ocean, its engines on fire.
		The TDRS satellite in Challenger's cargo bay and its solid-fuel booster rocket were blown free as was the Spartan-Halley spacecraft.
		The seven-person crew of space shuttle Challenger depart their quarters for the ride to launch pad 39B in the final hours of the countdown on January 28, 1986.
	spaceflightnow.com /challenger/timeline (4308 words)

	CHALLENGER EXPLOSION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The consensus of the Commission and participating investigative agencies is that the loss of the Space Shuttle Challenger was caused by a failure in the joint between the two lower segments of the right Solid Rocket Motor.
		The specifc failure was the destruction of the seals that are intended to prevent hot gases from leaking through the joint during the propellant burn of the rocket motor.
		The conclusion of the Presidential Commission's investigation of the Challenger accident was a series of recommendations to help assure return to safe flight of the shuttle.
	vesuvius.jsc.nasa.gov /er/seh/explode.html (2950 words)

	Space Shuttle Challenger Accident FBI NASA Files
		Challenger, named after an American Naval research vessel that sailed the Atlantic and Pacific oceans during the 1870's, joined NASA's fleet of reusable winged spaceships in July 1982.
		The consensus of the commission appointed to investigate the accident and participating investigative agencies, is that the loss of the Space Shuttle Challenger was caused by a failure in the joint between the two lower segments of the right Solid Rocket Motor.
		The specific failure was the destruction of the seals that are intended to prevent hot gases from leaking through the joint during the propellant burn of the rocket motor.
	www.paperlessarchives.com /challenger.html (682 words)

	Safety and Health Topics: Accident Investigation
		Accident investigations determine how and why these failures occur.
		By using the information gained through an investigation, a similar, or perhaps more disastrous, accident may be prevented.
		It is important to conduct accident investigations with prevention in mind.
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/accidentinvestigation/index.html (107 words)

	7 myths about the Challenger shuttle disaster - Space News - MSNBC.com
		And they were equally horrified to learn in the aftermath of the disaster that the faulty design had been chosen by NASA to satisfy powerful politicians who had demanded the mission be launched, even under unsafe conditions.
		That’s how the story of the Challenger is often retold, in oral tradition and broadcast news, in public speeches and in private conversations and all around the Internet.
		Challenger itself was torn apart as it was flung free of the other rocket components and turned broadside into the Mach 2 airstream.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/11031097 (752 words)

	Challenger Accident
		NASA Kennedy Space Center "Challenger, the second orbiter to become operational at Kennedy Space Center, was named after an American Naval research vessel that sailed the Atlantic and Pacific oceans during the 1870's.
		Appendix to the Roger's Commission Report on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident by R. Feynman from Middle of Nowhere "It appears that there are enormous differences of opinion as to the probability of a failure with loss of vehicle and of human life.
		The records of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident in the custody of the National Archives exist in several media - the electronic records (i.e., the computer-readable datasets) are in the custody of the Center for Electronic Records.
	www.fas.org /spp/51L.html (3783 words)

	Challenger STS 51-L Accident
		A Challenger Bibliography: This is chapter 7 of the Space Shuttle bibliography published in 1992.
		Challenger Remembered: A brief montage of images and sounds from the Challenger accident, from the CNN video vault [1250k Quicktime.mov file]
		An Analysis of the Challenger Accident by Mark Haisler and Robert Throop, from the University of Texas at Austin mechanical engineering department
	history.nasa.gov /sts51l.html (359 words)

	v1ch4
		Potential contributors to the accident examined by the Commission were the launch pad (exonerated in Chapter IX of this report), the External Tank, the Space Shuttle Main Engines, the Orbiter and related equipment, payload/Orbiter interfaces, the payload, Solid Rocket Boosters and Solid Rocket Motors.
		Approximately 20 percent of the External Tank structure was recovered after the accident and the majority of the pieces were from the intertank and liquid hydrogen tank.
		Assessment of possible upper stage contribution to the accident centered on the elimination of three possible scenarios: Premature upper stage rocket ignition, explosion/fire in the payload bay, and payload shift in the payload bay.
	history.nasa.gov /rogersrep/v1ch4.htm (13536 words)

	Spaceline: The Challenger Legacy
		Challenger exploded 73 seconds after launch, and a crew of seven astronauts perished.
		All of Challenger's pre-launch preparations were routine, with the exception of tremendous ice buildup on the launch pad that formed as temperatures dipped into the low 20's overnight.
		The Rogers Commission presented its report on the Challenger accident to President Reagan on June 6, 1986.
	www.spaceline.org /challenger.html (2015 words)

	Davinder's Domain - The Space Shuttle Challenger Accident
		From 72 seconds there was a very sudden chain of events that destroyed Challenger and the seven crew members on board.
		Challenger was traveling at a speed of Mach 1.92, at a height of 46,000 feet, when it blow up.
		Just before Challenger had blown up, it was engulfed in a cloud of smoke, that grew larger after the explosion.
	www.mahal.org /article.php?articleID=3&page=1 (2927 words)

	51-L
		Also scheduled were the initial "teacher in space" (TISP) video taping and a firing of the orbital maneuvering engines (OMS) to place Challenger at the 152-mile orbital altitude from which the Spartan would be deployed.
		On Flight Day 4, the Challenger was to begin closing on Spartan while Gregory B. Jarvis continued fluid dynamics experiments started on day two and day 3.
		The Challenger was scheduled to land at the Kennedy Space Center.144 hours and 34 minutes after launch.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/51-l/mission-51-l.html (1602 words)

	[No title]
		An analysis of the communica- tion failures that contributed to the Challenger accident is potentially of great interest to engineers and their managers because a large part of an engineer’s job is to communicate both good and bad news upward to management for deci- sion-making.
		The physical cause of the Challenger explosion was the failure of a rubber seal in the solid rocket booster.
		During the Challenger launch, the O-rings in one of the SRB joints failed to seal, allowing hot gases to escape from the side of the SRB and burn a hole into the nearby liquid fuel tank, which exploded approximately 73 seconds into the flight.
	people.emich.edu /jsteichma/winsor_challenger.htm (5903 words)

	Research - Space Shuttle Challenger Accident Records
		The Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, chaired by former Secretary of State William P. Rogers, investigated the circumstances surrounding the explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger shortly after liftoff on January 28, 1986.
		The records of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident in the custody of NARA are in several media, and custody of the records within the NARA varies accordingly.
		The printouts subsequently were microfiched at NARA and copies of the index may be acquired on either paper (electrostatic copies of the printouts), microfiche, or as an electronic records file on computer readable media (9-track tape, 3480-class tape cartridge, or CD-ROM; see "Ordering Information for Electronic Records").
	www.archives.gov /research/space-shuttle-challenger-accident.html?template=print (1107 words)

	Excite España - Búsqueda Web - Resultados con: Challenger
		Challenger Center for Space Science Education uses students' natural enthusiasm for space to create innovative learning experiences for...
		The Challenger shuttle crew, of seven astronauts--including the specialties of pilot, aerospace engineers, and scientists-- died tragically in the
		altitude of 46,000 feet, the Challenger was totally enveloped in the explosive burn.
	www.excite.es /search/web/results?q=Challenger (226 words)

	Asbestos and the Challenger Disaster
		The joints developed after the accident don't use any putty ((Blumenthal, Anderson and Stever) and a test by the redesign team indicated that the putty was not needed at all in the design used on the Challenger.
		The most comprehensive study of the Challenger accident was that done by the Presidential Commission appointed by Ronald Reagan (also known as the Rogers Commission after its chairman, William Rogers).
		That the booster started to leak almost immediately should prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accident had nothing to do with any "lack of proper insulation.") The technical cause of the accident, according to the Commission, was that there were too many problems with the joints for them to work properly (p.
	info-pollution.com /challenger.htm (3154 words)

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