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	Untitled Document
		The reports of the Challenger expedition were supervised by Sir John Murray, whose biological conclusions were of great importance to the later development of marine biology.
		During the Challenger expedition, James Buchanan demonstrated that the white slime was merely a precipitate of calcium sulfate, which formed in alcohol.
		Ernst Haeckel, one of the greatest biologists of the 19th century, contributed to the Challenger volumes and drew among the loveliest depictions of smaller plankton.
	life.bio.sunysb.edu /marinebio/challenger.html (936 words)

	Challenger Expedition
		The Challenger expedition, the first worldwide oceanographic expedition, voyaged 127 663 km in the Atlantic, Southern, Indian and Pacific oceans between December 1872 and May 1876.
		The voyage of HMS Challenger, a 69 m corvette specially modified for research in OCEANOGRAPHY, was intended to investigate the distribution of animals in the deep sea (particularly representatives of ancient groups) and to solve the problem of how the OCEANS circulate.
		The Challenger expedition's effect on Canadian SCIENCE was short-lived, but the voyage stimulated worldwide explorations by many western European nations later in the century.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&ArticleId=A0001495 (381 words)

	Challenger expedition Summary
		The HMS Challenger, a 200-foot warship converted for scientific use, left the English port of Sheerness on December 7, 1872, for a four-year voyage of exploration.
		This is the role that Challenger, under the scientific direction of Charles Wyville Thomson (1830-1832) and the military leadership of Captain George Nares (1831-1915) was to fill.
		The Challenger Expedition was a scientific expedition that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography.
	www.bookrags.com /Challenger_expedition (2027 words)

	Dive and Discover : History of Oceanography
		The Challenger was the first true oceanographic research vessel specifically designed to investigate the biology, geology and chemistry of the oceans and seafloor.
		It was the first expedition organized specifically to gather data on a wide range of ocean features, including ocean temperatures seawater chemistry, currents, marine life, and the geology of the seafloor.
		Among the Challenger Expedition’s discoveries was one of the deepest parts of the ocean -- the Marianas Trench in the western Pacific, where the seafloor is 26,850 feet, or more than 4 miles deep (8,200 meters).
	www.divediscover.whoi.edu /history-ocean/challenger.html (517 words)

	Challenger Accident Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com
		Challenger was constructed using a body frame (STA-099) that had initially been built as a test article.
		Challenger, along with Discovery was modified at KSC to be able to carry the Centaur upper-stage in its payload bay.
		Challenger was one of two space shuttles destroyed in an accident during a mission, the other being Columbia.
	memorial.moonlightchest.com /17 (457 words)

	The Voyage of HMS Challenger
		She was loaded with thousands of specimen jars, alcohol for preservation, microscopes and chemical apparatus, trawls and dredges, thermometers and water sampling bottles, sounding leads and devices to collect sediment from the deep sea bed and great lengths of rope with which to suspend the equipment into the ocean depths.
		For the period, the expedition was also a very healthy one, for only 10 fatalities occurred amongst the total complement of 243 during the whole voyage.
		Yet the expedition was not all tedium, for of the 1281 days spent away from home, 568 were spent in harbours in all quarters of the world.
	www.challengeroceanic.com /chal.htm (1300 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for challenger
		It is the deepest (35,798.6 ft/10,911.5 m at the Challenger Deep) known depression on the earth's surface.
		Challenger Energy Corp. Poised to Move Forward with Drilling Offshore Trinidad, and Announces First Quarter 2006 Operating Results and Files Statement of Reserves Data.
		Challenger Energy is Poised to Move Forward With Drilling Offshore Trinidad and Files Second Quarter 2006 Financial Operating Results.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=challenger (790 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The significance of the Challenger was the intensity of the observations made, the global coverage and particularly the emphasis on very deep water.
		Her deepest sounding, at almost 8,200 metres (26,904 feet) in what later became known as the Challenger Deep in the south-western Pacific, was by far the deepest taken up to that time, at a site very close to where the current record depth--of a little over 11 kilometres (seven miles)--was measured.
		Consequently, instead of being dominated by one or a small number of artists, the pictorial material from the Challenger Expedition is the work of literally dozens of artists, engravers and lithographers most of whom never even saw the ship let alone sailed on her.
	www.fathom.com /feature/60885/index.html (2314 words)

	The Lost World (Site not responding. Last check: )
		At the same time, Assai and Challenger investigate a mysterious symbol burned into a field of grass, which Assai identifies as the mark of Saros, a bloodthirsty warlord who was overthrown by the Zanga and died swearing to return from the grave to wreak vengeance on the living.
		Challenger, Malone and Veronica are exploring ruins on a riverbank, when a man stumbles out of the jungle in a hail of deadly arrows.
		Challenger is astounded to see the iridium because it had been intended for his secret wartime research.
	www.scifi2k.com /lost_world/lost_world.html (7683 words)

	Recent Work of the Challenger Expedition (1873)
		Scientific Memoirs IV [61] THE speaker began by commenting on the sailing of H.M.S. 'Challenger' in December, 1872, the nature of her mission, and the completeness and perfection of her equipment, under the auspices of the late First Lord of the Admiralty, Mr.
		The speaker next alluded to the despatch of the Antarctic expedition under Sir James Ross, in 1839, and the awakening of attention to the importance of the work done by minute organisms by Ehrenberg, in 1836 and 1838.
		The dredgings of the 'Challenger' have recently shown that certain deep oceanic valleys contain thick deposits of finely-divided red clay, composed of a silicate of alumina and peroxide of iron.
	aleph0.clarku.edu /huxley/SM4/Chall.html (1172 words)

	TLW Fix Story The Nemesis P1
		Challenger sighed in relief, his sharp gaze having ascertained that none of his journals were missing and all of his carefully hoarded scientific tools were safe.
		Challenger raised his rifle to his shoulder and squeezed off a shot at the large gray-green raptor now nearest the group of humans, and was startled when he missed.
		Challenger exchanged startled looks with Roxton and Malone as they realized that this had to be the work of their mysterious nemesis again - and this time it had apparently been intended to kill the men.
	www.tlwfix.com /Pages/tlw_fanfiction_stories_thenemesisp1.html (16405 words)

	Challenger expedition. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		British oceanographic expedition under the direction of the Scottish professor Charles Wyville Thompson and the British naturalist Sir John Murray.
		The expedition cruised almost 69,000 nautical mi (130,000 km) in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Antarctic oceans, gathering data on temperature, currents, water chemistry, marine organisms, and bottom deposits at 362 oceanographic stations scattered over 14 million sq mi (36 million sq km) of ocean floor.
		See H. Mosely, A Naturalist on the “Challenger” (1879); Sir C. Wyville Thompson, Voyage of the “Challenger” (2 vol., 1877); E. Linklater, The Voyage of the Challenger (1972).
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/ChallengEx.html (178 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Challenger expedition
		The Challenger Expedition was a scientific expedition that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography.
		Prompted by Charles Wyville Thomson of Edinburgh University, the Royal Society of London obtained the use of a ship, HMS Challenger, from the Royal Navy and, between 1870 and 1872, modified it for scientific work, equipping it with separate laboratories for natural history and chemistry.
		John Murray, who supervised the publication, described the report as "the greatest advance in the knowledge of our planet since the celebrated discoveries of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries".
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Challenger_expedition (318 words)

	Mar-Eco - The Secrets of the Deep (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Expedition on the HMS Challenger stands apart as one of the most significant events in the history of marine science.
		It was a four-month cruise in the Atlantic Ocean in the spring and summer of 1910, exploring the North Atlantic south to Africa with the most modern ocean research vessel of the time, equipped for deep sea studies.
		The expedition was jointly headed by the Norwegian scientist Johan Hjort together with the British oceanographer John Murray, who contributed with private funds.
	www.mar-eco.no /learning-zone/backgrounders/chemistry/The_Secrets_of_the_Deep (801 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: The State of Ocean Science
		Immediately before the Challenger Expedition there was a marked improvement in all the apparatus used in marine investigations, and thus during the Challenger Expedition the great ocean-basins were for the first time systematically and successfully explored.
		This expedition, which lasted for nearly four years, was successful beyond the expectations of its promoters, and opened out a new era in the study of oceanography.
		The expeditions of Lieutenant Peary, of Professor Nathorst, of Captain Sverdrup, and of the Duke of Abruzzi, which are now in progress, may be expected to yield much new information about the condition of the Arctic Ocean.
	oceanexplorer.noaa.gov /library/readings/science/science.html (7478 words)

	Richard Corfield
		Challenger departed the British naval port of Portsmouth in December 1872 and travelled 68,690 miles in pursuit of knowledge about the sea floor.
		Where Challenger's scientists missed something - either because their technology was too primitive or because they did not yet have the necessary scientific background to know what to look for - I have included some extra discussion so that you have a properly rounded picture of the science of the sea floor!
		There are many more images from the Challenger Expedition than we could include in the print version of the book so this series of web pages is designed to augment your enjoyment of the book with additional images keyed into the twelve chapters.
	www.richardcorfield.com /pages/books/silent_landscape.htm (193 words)

	Dive and Discover : History of Oceanography
		That didn’t keep Columbus and others exploring the oceans in the late 1400s and early 1500s and finally discovering that the world is not flat, but round- a sphere whose surface is nearly 3/4-covered by oceans.
		Modern oceanography began as a field of science only a little less than 130 years ago, in the late 19th century, after Americans, British and Europeans launched a few expeditions to explore ocean currents, ocean life, and the seafloor off their coastlines.
		The first scientific expedition to explore the world’s oceans and seafloor was the Challenger Expedition, from 1872 to 1876, on board the British three-masted warship HMS Challenger.
	www.divediscover.whoi.edu /history-ocean (347 words)

	Challenger Expedition 1872-1876
		Each time the Challenger stopped to take samples of marine life, a record was made of location, type of equipment used to take the sample, and the depth from which it was taken, as well as several measurements of the surrounding water including temperature and specific gravity.
		Challenger Expedition station information is useful to many types of scholars, from historians of science, to oceanographers, but it is especially valuable to biologists who study marine life.
		Challenger station information and scanned expedition charts were collected as part of the "Stations of the Challenger Expedition Online" project, funded by an award in 2002 from The University of Kansas Digital Library Initiative.
	hercules.kgs.ku.edu /hexacoral/expedition/challenger_1872-1876/challenger.html (1719 words)

	The Lost World: The Missing Scene (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Not found in the prints that have been reconstructed into the recent Image DVD release, the episode of the Challenger Expedition running afoul of a tribe of cannibals is naught but some still photos and a segment of the shooting script.
		The Challenger Expedition is paddling via canoe down the byways of the Amazon river basin, spying exotic creatures along the way...
		About 20 yards away from the near row between Challenger and Summerlee, a troupe of howling monkeys enjoying an evening drink at a watering hole is interrupted by one of the Expedition's native bearers and his dog.
	silentmoviemonsters.tripod.com /TheLostWorld/LW1925missing.html (1667 words)

	The College of Exploration's New Challenger Project - Introduction
		The College of Exploration's New Challenger Project uses the inspiration of the original H.M.S. Challenger voyage as a catalyst for educational programs.
		It was the first true oceanographic expedition and was accorded enormous significance, yielding a wealth of information about marine life and identifying many new organisms.
		In addition, the Challenger reports provided a rich picture of the flora and fauna and cultures of the lands they visited.
	www.coexploration.org /hmschallenger/html/introduction.html (177 words)

	Charles Wyville Thomson Summary
		On deep-sea dredging expeditions to the north of Scotland, Thomson discovered a diversity of marine invertebrates, many of which had been believed to be extinct.
		They showed that animal life existed down to depths of 650 fathoms (1200 m), that all marine invertebrate groups are present at this depth, and that deep-sea temperatures are not as constant as had been supposed, but vary considerably, and indicate oceanic circulation.
		The Challenger Expedition was deemed a great success, and on his return Wyville Thomson received a number of academic honours, as well as a knighthood.
	www.bookrags.com /Charles_Wyville_Thomson (668 words)

	Great Britain
		Scope: "The Challenger Expedition of 1872-76 was the first great voyage of oceanographical exploration.
		In forty-one months from December 1872 to May 1876 the wooden steam corvette HMS Challenger visited all the oceans of the world, with the exception of the Arctic.
		The expedition was charged to determine deep sea physical conditions including depth, temperature and ocean currents.
	library.truman.edu /microforms/challenger.htm (220 words)

	challenger
		The Challenger crossed the North Atlantic twice, and made voyages along the coasts of the United States and Europe.
		In 1873, the Challenger Expedition, under the direction of Captain Sir George Nares, recorded very accurate water temperature and specific gravity data in the Gulf Stream.
		Alternations of warm and cold water were found as the Challenger crossed the Stream between Halifax and Bermuda.
	fermi.jhuapl.edu /student/phillips/challenger.htm (88 words)

	The Siboga Expedition
		We also read Weber's diary of the expedition, written in six notebooks that were rediscovered about a decade ago in the attic of the Zoological Museum in Amsterdam, together with the original glass negatives of the photographs made during the expedition, and all his correspondence with the authors of the Siboga monographs.
		The Siboga Expedition, charged with the research of the fauna and flora of the varied seas in the Indo-Australian Archipelago, started from Surabaya on 7 March 1899.
		15 one of the bars of the trawl appears to be broken, "imploded" as Sir Wyville Thomson (leader of the Challenger Expedition) would have called it, by the pressure of the water column (Weber, 1902: 98).
	www.science.uva.nl /library/MaxWeber/Siboga.htm (1747 words)

	Amazon.com: The Lost World: Being an Account of the Recent Amazing Adventures of Professor George E. Challenger, Lord ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Professor Challenger, while possessing some of the confidence and intellect of a Holmes, could not be more different in his passions and boisterous, conceited behavior; it is his contention that a "lost world" does exist.
		When Challenger reveals his proof of the exploits that have been related, untold chaos and zeal follow quickly on the heels of one another.
		While Challenger, a short, stocky, hirsute bull of a man is physically the complete opposite of Doyle's more well known protagonist, Sherlock Holmes, the same cannot be said of his pomposity, arrogance and mental dexterity.
	www.amazon.com /Lost-World-Adventures-Professor-Challenger/dp/0192833529 (3034 words)

	Ice Challenge
		This 56 mile bridge is a constantly moving mass of ice floes that drifts north at a rate of 3mph (4.8kph).
		The objective of the Ice Challenger expedition is to be the first to drive across the ice from the USA (Alaska) to Russia (Siberia).
		To do this, the challengers have to create the ultimate all terrain vehicle - one that can float on water, motor through crushed ice, motor on ice floes, and climb out of water onto an ice floe.
	www.athropolis.com /news/icechallenge.htm (249 words)

	Lost World Episodes - Out of the Blue
		There's no escape for the Challenger Expedition when Captain Askwith's mysterious airship explodes in a fiery crash.
		But moments later, when Challenger, Roxton, and Marguerite appear on a British air station in 1915 -- on the same day the airship was launched on its final mission -- they realize they truly have taken the place of the captain's original crew.
		After two years of struggling to escape the Plateau, Challenger and his friends must now fight to return to it by once again taking flight on the doomed dirigible.
	www.lostworldtv.net /episode/outoftheblue.html (131 words)

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