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Topic: Challenger tanks

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	Challenger Series
		Efficient and cost-effective, Challenger tanks are designed with a patented controlled action, double diaphragm assembly that is completely contained in a pre-pressurized air cushion that reduces condensation and regulates diaphragm action.
		Challenger tanks are completed with an appliance quality paint finish over primer coat, which combines durability and high luster.
		Challenger tanks are quality tested at four different stages on the production line.Tests include helium and high pressure tests to ensure the structural integrity of every tank.
	www.flexconind.com /html/challenger.html (212 words)

	Armed Forces - a4a7 - British Army - Challenger 2 Tank - Main Battle Tank - MBT
		In July 1994 the UK Secretary of State for Defence announced the purchase of a further 259 Challenger 2 tanks and 9 DTTs, bringing the totals to 386 MBTs and 22 DTTS, thus allowing for the complete UK MBT fleet to be upgraded to the Challenger* 2 standard.
		The remaining tanks are spread among Army Training and Recruiting Agency (ATRA) Schools, LAND training establishments, trials requirements and operational and logistic stocks.
		Although the hull and automotive parts of the Challenger 2 are based upon that of its predecessor Challenger 1, the new tank incorporates over 150 improvements which have achieved substantially increased reliability and ease of maintenance.
	www.armedforces.co.uk /army/listings/l0023.html (675 words)

	TANKS
		Challenger 2 is an advanced main battle tank built by the UK company, Vickers Defence Systems Ltd. Challenger 2 is in service with the British Army and with the Royal Army of Oman.
		Challenger 2 entered service with the UK Army in June 1998, and it is expected that all regiments will be equipped with Challenger 2 by 2002.
		Challenger 2 is also equipped with a Boeing 7.62 mm chain gun, which is located to the left of the main tank gun.
	www.geocities.com /war2uk/tanks.htm (7295 words)

	Challenger tank : Challenger tanks
		Challenger 2 is in service with the British Army and with the Royal Army of Oman.
		Challenger 2 entered service with the British Army in June 1998 and the last of the 386 tanks was delivered in April 2002.
		Challenger 2 is also equipped with a Boeing 7.62mm chain gun, which is located to the left of the main tank gun.
	www.wordlookup.net /ch/challenger-tanks.html (787 words)

	Global Defence Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Most of the Challenger tanks took small arms and RPG fire; all that did was to 'chip the paint'.
		This was not an isolated incident as Challenger 2 tanks of the 7th Armoured Brigade were effective in the rapid collapse of resistance in Basra.
		As the Challenger 2's original equipment manufacturer, Alvis Vickers Ltd (AVL) is expected to have a role in this pilot scheme which is designed to explore the impact of reconfiguring the existing Challenger 2 turret to accommodate the new gun and remodelling the stowage arrangements in the turret and hull for its associated one-piece ammunition.
	www.global-defence.com /2006/Utilities/article.php?id=26 (1397 words)

	Army Technology - Challenger 2 - Main Battle Tank
		Challenger 2 entered service with the British Army in June 1998 and the last of the 386 tanks was delivered in April 2002.
		Challenger 2 is equipped with an L30, 120mm rifled tank gun from BAE Systems Land Systems (formerly RO Defence).
		Challenger 2 is also equipped with a Boeing 7.62mm chain gun, which is located to the left of the main tank gun.
	www.army-technology.com /projects/challenger2 (1078 words)

	Trousinian Military :: Bow Down or Be Crushed by the Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Challenger 2 entered service with the British Army in June 1998 and the last of the 386 tanks was delivered in April 2002.
		Challenger 2 is also equipped with a Boeing 7.62mm chain gun, which is located to the left of the main tank gun.
		Two external fuel tanks with a capacity of 3,000 litres each can be suspended from the centre-wing section, with one external fuel tank, with a capacity of 2,000 litres, suspended from the fuselage.
	www.angelfire.com /ns2/trousrs (9769 words)

	Nase noviny - A30 Challenger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A number of these tanks were issued to the Czechoslovak Independent Armoured Brigade Group, where they had an altogether different role due to the stationary task of the Dunkirk siege, serving as self-propelled guns.
		When combat-ready, the Challenger's weight was 33 tons, producing a ground pressure of.93kg per square centimetre; due to the lengthening of the chassis and the longer gun barrel, the Challenger tanks were 8.15m long.
		The tanks had a crew of 5 and an armament of a 17-pdr.
	www.nasenoviny.com /ChallengerEN.html (527 words)

	RAC Main Battle Tanks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The 65 ton Challenger 2 Main Battle Tank is one of the most formidable tanks in the world.
		Tanks act upon the information gained by the Recce troops and provide the commander with the punch necessary to deliver the decisive blow in battle.
		As a soldier you will be trained to drive and fire the tank and will also be trained in the use of the state of the art on board communications equipment.
	www.army.mod.uk /rac/main_battle_tanks.htm (245 words)

	EAA Experimenter Magazine - May 2001 - Featured Article
		About the only challenge to Challenger’s continuity reign that I can think of would be Chuck Slusarczyk, designer of the Hawk series, and his company, CGS Aviation.
		As the new millennium started, the Challenger windshield and enclosure were upgraded from a 0.04- to 0.06-inch thickness in both clear and tinted versions.
		In the area of performance, they state, "…the Challenger has one of the widest speed envelopes of any recreational airplane." It manages to meet the designer’s holy grail of a 4-to-1 speed range differential, operating from 24 mph to 96 mph (for the single-place, long-wing model).
	www.challenger.ca /eaa-may2001 (2608 words)

	ImprintModels \| Model Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Challenger 2 proved equally as effective during the second Gulf War in 2003 and is still providing valuable support for Warrior crews in Southern Iraq.
		Distinctive changes to the Challenger include Thermal Exhaust Cowls to reduce exhaust heat signature on the hull rear sides, thermal identification panels and filter louvres on the turret, and side armour with sand reduction skirting.
		When Challenger 2 was being developed in the early 1990s the British Army worked very closely with industry to avoid the flaws experienced with Challenger 1 and incorporate the lessons learned from the Gulf War.
	www.imprintmodels.co.uk /model_details.aspx?ID=6 (424 words)

	NATO/SFOR Informer: chaleng
		The 14 Challenger II of C Squadron of the 2nd Royal Tank Regiment brought the time-tested battle scenarios alive with agility, accuracy and thunderous power that impressed even experienced tank commanders and would have made Rommel and Patton green with envy.
		This public demonstration and opportunity for the media to observe the tanks in action came at the end of a training and firing exercise called "Saffron Manjaca" which was held at the Manjaca ranges near Mrkonjic Grad where the Challengers are based.
		Pollington briefed the spectators on Challenger II and its target acquisition and weapon systems before crew members dressed in sharp, crisp, fl uniforms gave personal tours of the tanks.
	www.nato.int /sfor/indexinf/89/chaleng/t000608b.htm (522 words)

	[No title]
		tanks are made with a stainless steel system connection, are available in vertical and horizontal models and are finished with an appliance quality paint finish especially suited for outdoor installations.
		Challenger tanks have a threaded nut for easy installation of pump stand, a welded malleable iron elbow (stainless steel on GC series) and an adjustable air charge.
		Challenger tanks are completed with an appliance quality paint finish over epoxy primer coat, which combines durability and high lustre.
	www.ecpgroup.com /pump2.htm (381 words)

	Collateral Damage: How U.S. Troops Were Exposed to DU
		Tank armor and armor-piercing rounds made of depleted uranium proved highly effective in their first wartime use, but because depleted uranium weapons were so effective, dozens of countries now have or are developing depleted uranium weapons for their arsenals.
		But the longest confirmed kill of the war was by a British Challenger tank, which destroyed an Iraqi tank with a DU round over a distance of 5,100 meters (over 3 miles).
		The DU armor on the M1A1 tanks proved effective in protecting tank crews from enemy fire, although the tank crews were continually irradiated by their own armor and DU rounds for the months many of them lived with their tanks.
	www.iacenter.org /depleted/fahey.htm (2087 words)

	The U.S. Army Professional Writing Collection
		Tanks led the advance, compensated for poor situational awareness, survived hostile fire, and terrorized the enemy.
		Officers of 1st Marine Tank Battalion, supporting RCT 7, thought that no tank in their battalion was hit by rocket-propelled grenades during the campaign because of dismounted infantry support.
		Challenger 2 tank platoons and companies were attached to light infantry battalions, especially when required to enter urban areas where heavy resistance was expected.
	www.army.mil /professionalwriting/volumes/volume3/december_2005/12_05_3.html (4042 words)

	Guardian \| Scots Guards destroy 14 Iraqi tanks in confrontation
		Early yesterday 14 Challenger 2 tanks of the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards destroyed a squadron of ageing Iraqi T-55 tanks and three armoured personnel carriers.
		The Challenger 2 is equipped with a 120mm rifle barrelled gun which is always loaded with a depleted uranium armour-piercing shells during tactical operations.
		The tanks can fire up to eight rounds a minute and their stabilisation systems mean they can shoot while driving at speeds of up to 25mph.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,4635235-103681,00.html (424 words)

	Main Battle Tank - Challenger 2
		Challenger 1 was built at the Royal Ordnance Factory (ROF) Leeds (it became Royal Ordnance in preparation for privatization), which Vickers bought just before the order for the 7th regiment was placed.
		The Challengers in Desert Storm mainly employed HESH (High Explosive Squash Head) shells with their longer range as the Iraqi tanks armour wasn't up to Russian standards and would have been a waste of the shorter-ranged high-density armour-piercing rounds.
		The Challenger 2 is also equipped with a McDonnell Douglas 7.62 mm chain gun, which is located to the left of the main tank gun.
	64.26.50.215 /armorsite/chall2.htm (3522 words)

	Premier Pump and Supply is a quality and service oriented wholesale provider of water, water conditioning and waste ...
		Challenger tanks are the industry’s fighting brand and one of the more popular tanks on the market.
		Challenger tanks have a threaded nut for easy installation of pump stand, a welded malleable elbow and an adjustable air charge.
		Challenger tanks are completed with an appliance quality paint finish over primer coat, which combines durability and high luster.
	www.premierpumponline.com /well-rite/challenger.html (288 words)

	Challenger 2 Main Battle Tank (UK)
		In June 1991, the Challenger 2 was selected over US (M1 Abrams), German (Leopard 2) and French (Leclerc) rivals and a contract worth £520 million was placed to produce 140 tanks (including 13 driver training tanks).
		With the downsizing of the British Army after the end of the Cold War this will mean that all British Army tank regiments will be equipped with Challenger 2, not a mixture of Challenger 1 and 2 as originally intended.
		The layout is similar to the Challenger 1 with the commander and gunner seated on the right and loader on the left.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/weapons_challenger2.html (898 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Iraq bombing damages British tank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A spokesman said the tank had been on routine duties in a western district of Basra when it was hit on 6 April.
		An MoD spokesman said the Challenger tank was "well armoured but in an operational theatre it's not the case that you can have absolute protection".
		The Challenger 2 is the UK's main battle tank, and its key function is to destroy enemy tanks.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/6583607.stm?lsf (435 words)

	Jordan receives Challenger tanks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		But Reuters quoted diplomats as saying that 14 tanks were delivered as part of a contract to supply Jordan with a total 288 tanks.
		The tanks were promised by Britain after the death of King Hussein last February in appreciation of his role in the Middle East peace process.
		The British army is replacing Challenger- 1 tanks with the new Challenger- 2 model.
	www.jordanembassyus.org /102399006.htm (208 words)

	Battlefront.com Discussion Forums: Is the Challenger visually mismodelled?
		I've been thinking that the Challenger looks a bit wimpy for one of the meanest tanks on the battlefield, and now my suspicions are confirmed.
		The Challenger was based on the Cromwell chassis, but longer and with an extra roadwheel, and of course the turret was bigger to accommodate the 17 pounder gun.
		The thing about British tanks, especially the Churchill is that they reveal the essential nature of a tank: a big iron box on tracks made to kill people.
	www.battlefront.com /discuss/ultimatebb.php?ubb=get_topic;f=16;t=020354 (2376 words)

	Challenger
		The Challenger 2’s fire control system is the latest-generation digital computer from Computing Devices Company (CDC) of Canada and is an improved version of that installed in the US M1A1 Abrams tank.
		The Challenger 2 is produced at the Vickers Defence Systems plants in Leeds and Newcastle.There are over 250 subcontractors (both UK and Overseas) involved at some point in the manufacturing process.
		Challenger 2E has been specifically designed for demanding environmental and climatic conditions and represents the latest evolution of the highly effective family of Challenger vehicles.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/land/row/challenger2.htm (877 words)

	British troops attacked during Iraqi raid - Boston.com
		British troops backed by tanks came under heavy fire after raiding a house in the southeastern Iraqi city of Amara on Tuesday in a hunt for a "terrorist of national significance," a British military spokesman said.
		BAGHDAD (Reuters) - British troops backed by tanks came under heavy fire after raiding a house in the southeastern Iraqi city of Amara on Tuesday in a hunt for a "terrorist of national significance," a British military spokesman said.
		The Challenger tanks and Warrior armored fighting vehicles came under co-ordinated rocket propelled grenade and machine gun attack as they withdrew from the area with six suspects, Major Charlie Burbridge told Reuters.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2006/08/22/british_troops_attacked_during_iraqi_raid?rss_id=Boston.com+%2F+News (326 words)

	The Sun Online - News: Welcome to Basra
		Tanks and other armoured vehicles started by probing the outskirts of the city, mainly around the suburb of Qubla.
		The Desert Rats force, including 120 Challenger tanks and 100 Warrior armoured fighting vehicles, was supported by US Cobra helicopter gunships.
		One was shot dead after climbing on to a British tank and trying to force open the commander’s hatch to lob in a grenade.
	www.thesun.co.uk /article/0,,2-2003160323,00.html (1225 words)

	Article-Stryker Combat Vehicles -New Vanguard- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Challenger 2 is the current Main Battle Tank of the British Army and represents the culmination of 80 years of tank design.
		In 1987, its design was presented to the Ministry of Defence in response to a requirement to replace the Chieftain MBT that had been partially supersede...
		In addition to the familiar gun tanks, the Challenger family encompasses the Rhino Armoured Repair & Recover Vehicle (ARRV) and the n...
	www.minihttpserver.net /z_book/A_modelling_the_challe-1841769274.htm (862 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: King's Royal Hussars
		The regiment currently serves in the armoured role, equipped with Challenger 2 tanks, and is based in Tidworth, Wiltshire.
		The British FV4034 Challenger 2 is the main battle tank currently in service with the armies of the United Kingdom and Oman.
		On 4 December 1992 the Royal Hussars (PWO) amalgamated with 14th/20th King's Hussars to become The King's Royal Hussars, an Armoured Regiment equipped with Challenger tanks.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/King%27s-Royal-Hussars (521 words)

	Challenger 1 Tanks For Jordan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Following the meeting, it was announced jointly that an agreement in principle had been reached for the UK Government to supply Challenger 1 Main Battle tanks to the Jordanian Armed Forces.
		I am very pleased to be able to announce the initiative to make available the Challenger 1 tank to Jordan's armed forces.
		The intent is for the Challenger 1 tanks to replace the Centurion-based Tariq Main Battle Tank.
	www.defense-aerospace.com /produit/187_us.html (182 words)

	Combat and Accidents
		The amount of DU munitions released in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Iraq during Operation Desert Storm are summarized in Table 6 from [75].
		Slightly higher estimates for expended DU ammunition are found [33]: 940,000 DU aircraft rounds and 14,000 DU tank rounds were expended during the war.
		While fighting tank fires, water runoff and the surrounding soil which may be contaminated with depleted uranium should be scraped up into containers for removal as radioactive waste [15].
	www.ratical.org /radiation/vzajic/6thchapter.html (2138 words)

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