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Topic: Chalumna River

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	East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa
		It has the sleepy feel of a holiday town and nestles in amongst a number of quiet seaside resorts.
		Swimming, sailing, water-skiing, board-sailing, and boating are enjoyed all year round, while the river mouths, lagoons and gullies provide a paradise for fishing.
		Pride of place at East London's museum is the famous prehistoric coelacanth caught in the Chalumna River, previously thought to be extinct 50 million years ago.
	www.sa.websitesuk.org /eastlond.html (128 words)

	Full Articles Coelacanth
		No coelacanths were sighted during the survey, nor were large caves seen off the Chalumna River, as the friable sandstone terraces of the slope in this region is not conducive to formation of caves; in several places, the roofs of overhangs were seen to have collapsed after being eroded too far.
		The sighting of juvenile (1 m) and adult (1.6 to 1.8 m) coelacanths on two separate dives implies a viable population of Latimeria chalumnae in a marine protected area (St Lucia Marine Reserve), and this is good news for the conservation of this apparently endangered species.
		Bruton M.N. and Stobbs R.E. The ecology and conservation of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /coelanew.htm (1704 words)

	Coelacanth Discoverer Dies In S. Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The most significant being her discovery of a coelacanth, a prehistoric fish believed to be extinct for centuries.
		In December 1938 a fisherman friend of Courtenay-Latimer called her to say he had discovered a strange "blue fish" in his nets in the Chalumna River.
		Courtenay-Latimer's coelacanth was named Latimeria chalumnae after her and the river where it was found.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/InNews/latimer2004.html (280 words)

	Coelacanth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first hint that a modern, living coelacanth existed was when Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer, who was curator of a museum in East London, South Africa, was inspecting local fish catches for unusual specimens in 1938.
		She was looking at the catch of a fishing boat that had been fishing for sharks near the Chalumna River and saw an odd blue fish fin in the catch.
		The species was named Latimeria chalumnae in honour of her and the waters in which it was found.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coelacanth (955 words)

	Prominent People - Courtenay-Latimer, Marjorie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		On 22 December 1938 Goosen returned from a fishing trip off the mouth of the nearby Chalumna River and sent word that she should come to the docks.
		She used a taxi, and was about to leave again when she noticed a blue fin protruding beneath a pile of fish and sharks on the deck.
		Professor Smith named the fish Latimeria chalumnae (Latimer and Chalumna River) in honour of Dr. Courtenay-Latimer who had spotted it and taken the time to preserve it.
	www.prominentpeople.co.za /people/42.php (653 words)

	INTO AFRICA
		The only river port in the country, East London became a permanent British settlement in the early 19th century as it was a decent landing point for British military supplies during the frontier wars with the Xhosa.
		Caught off the nearby Chalumna River in 1938, the creature was thought to have become extinct 60- million years ago.
		Park at either river, the Bushmans or the Kariega, as the hour-long beach walk between the two is marvellous.
	www.chico.mweb.co.za /mg/travel/99feb/eastlondon.html (1837 words)

	Eastern Cape Estuaries Management Programme: Estuary Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The entire area with the river being the western boundary; a tar road northern boundary and tar road (Paynes Hill to R72) the eastern boundary.
		I have been on the Tyolomnqa for over 20 years, for 15 of these years there was access to the river on a 24 hour bases, and the river was virtually raped of fish, crabs and mud prawn.
		We feel that land usage around the estuary should remain essentially as is. Usage of the river by outsiders must be controlled, as stated earlier, and the local community must benefit financially from that usage.
	www.inr.unp.ac.za /ecestuaries/management/tyolomnqa/StakeholderWS2.htm (4500 words)

	East London, South Africa - History and Tourism Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The first contact with the river by white folk was a consequence of one of the many shipwrecks along the lower east coast in the early years.
		The museum's exhibits include the only extant egg of the extinct dodo, the first specimen of a coelacanth, the prehistoric fish thought to be a link between marine creatures and earth mammals postulated by scientists but once thought to be extinct for 80 million years.
		Until the Kyalami racetrack was built north of Johannesburg in the late 1960s, the track near the Buffalo River was the hub of motor racing in South Africa.
	about-south-africa.com /html/east_london.html (1279 words)

	Eastern Cape Estuaries Management Programme: Estuary Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Chalumna - or Tyolomnqa Estuary (the Xhosa name appears to be a Koisan corruption) - is situated approximately 45 kilometers west of East London near the coastal resort of Kaisers Beach.
		Although the river carries a fairly high silt load the channel like nature of the estuary appears to flush easily, consequently the mouth is permanently open and there is always a significant tidal exchange.
		There is no available information on modification in the catchment area and along the upper river, but subsistance farming takes place in the catchment and along the entire length of the river.
	www.inr.unp.ac.za /ecestuaries/management/tyolomnqa/StakeholderWSJune.htm (3448 words)

	INDEX 2
		On the 22 December, 1938, a fish was netted by fishermen of the Irving and Johnson vessle, Nerine, trawling off the mouth of the Chalumna river on the southeast coast of South Africa.
		She could not identify this fish and wrote a letter, including a rough sketch of the fish, and sent it to Prof.
		And so began the amazing and wonderful story of the Coelacanth, considered to be the zoological find of the 20th century and an event that was heralded with banner reports world wide.
	members.tripod.com /~Coelastamp/index2.htm (509 words)

	\|\|::Coelacanth's discoverer dies at 97::\|\| (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		She was the woman who spotted the unique specimen in the catch of a fishing trawler.
		The genus Latimeria chalumnae was named after her.
		The Nerine had just finished a stint off the mouth of the Chalumna River, 60 kilometres west of East London.
	www.buffalocity.gov.za /news2004/may/may20_latimer_obit.stm (367 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		It had been fishing for sharks near the mouth of the Chalumna River, with trips into the Indian Ocean.
		Smith had a scant knowledge of fossil fish, but the sail-like dorsal fin and the shape of the tail were enough to tell him that he was actually looking at a coelacanth, first described back in the 1830s.
		Smith proceeded to name the living coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae: Latimeria in recognition of Marjorie and chalumnae because it had been found near the mouth of the Chalumna River.
	www.fathom.com /feature/121979 (2547 words)

	Telegraph \| Connected \| In search of the sea monster
		Pale blue with iridescent white markings, and reaching five feet in length, the coelacanth, with its lobed fins, skeletal structure and large, round scales, is almost unchanged from its fossilised ancestors that swam the seas hundreds of millions of years ago.
		Assumed to have died out with the dinosaurs in mass extinctions 65 million years ago, the coelacanth first resurfaced in 1938 in the net of a fishing trawler in the Chalumna River on the east coast of South Africa.
		Named Latimeria chalumnae in her honour, it is the last of the crossopterygians, an ancestor of the amphibians.
	sport.telegraph.co.uk /connected/main.jhtml?xml=/connected/2005/06/22/ecfish22.xml (1555 words)

	Coelacanth
		Coelacanths can be found in the Comoros, Sulawesi (Indonesia) and St. Lucia Marine Protected Area (South Africa).
		The gombessa (Latimeria chalumnae) was found by Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer in 1938.
		A fishing boat caught sharks near the Chalumna River, and Latimer, who was curator of a museum in East London and often looked for odd fish in the harbor, saw a blue fin under them.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/c/co/coelacanth.html (682 words)

	Comoros Coelacanth - Latimeria chalumnae
		They are also sought after for their oil which is thought to have life-extending capabilities.
		On December 22, 1938, a trawler fishing off the mouth of the Chalumna River caught a strange, blue fish.
		It was sent to the East London museum and then on to JLB Smith, who spent much of the rest of his life studying the unique find.
	www.angelfire.com /mo2/animals1/lobefin/ccoelacanth.html (603 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Keiskamma River catchment is situated in the Eastern Cape of South Africa.
		The levels of overgrazing (and the subsequent erosion) in the catchments area is increasing and could lead to an increase in sediment in the rivers and deterioration in the water quality of the river (Rowntree, 2005).
		The Keiskamma River is the main water source in the area and many of the other rivers in the catchments area considered to be pristine with no major impacts and are therefore ecologically important.
	www.ru.ac.za /institutes/iwr/teaching/starter/WaterQualityStarterDocument.doc (3038 words)

	Endangered Species Report #31--Coelacanth
		He had been fishing by the Chalumna river, near the southern tip of the continent, and among the fish caught was one that was 5 feet long, metallic blue in color, and weighed almost 130 pounds.
		J.L.B. Smith became quite obsessed with the fish, to which he gave the Latin name Latimer chalumnae; Latimer after Miss Latimer, and chalumnae after the river it was discovered by.
		The former are metallic blue in color, and the latter are dark brown.
	www.hollyandjeremy.com /wildlife/esReports/report31.html (2643 words)

	A Living Fossil
		The Latimeria chalumnae (Smith) is named after the discoverer Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer, for where it was found in the Chalumna River, Cape Province, South Africa, and for the first person to study the fish L.B.J. Smith.
		The L. chalumnae belongs to the Coelacanthini order, a group of rather primitive bony fishes and to the osteichthyan (bony fish) group identified as the lobe-finned fishes or Sarcopterygii.
		Originating in the Paleozoic, L. chalumnae is a living specimen with a heredity extending as far back to at least the Upper Devonian (some 360 million years ago).
	geology.wcedu.pima.edu /~amorton/coelacanth.html (1116 words)

	* Blue fish - (Fishing): Definition
		Where the tide runs swift, use the tail, leaving on the fins...
		with small toothlike scales) sharks near the Chalumna River, and saw an odd blue fish fin in the catch.
		She pulled the fish out of the pile and brought...
	en.mimi.hu /fishing/blue_fish.html (175 words)

	Latimeria News
		Prof JLB Smith named the fish Latimeria chalumnae, in honour of Courtenay-Latimer's work and the place it was caught.
		Smith named the fish Latimeria chalumnae in honour of Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer and after the Chalumna River near which it was trawled.
		By reading the content above, the user agrees to: to waive the rights to take action against the owners of mongabay.com; to respect the rights of the author in the contents of this site; and, to indemnify the author and his agents for any and all claims arising from viewing this site.
	conservation.mongabay.com /news/Latimeria.htm (236 words)

	Actinistia Article, Actinistia Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The first hint that a modern, living coelacanth existed was when Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer, who was curator of a museum in East London, South Africa, was inspecting local fishcatches for unusual specimens in 1938.
		She was looking at the catch of a fishing boat thathad been fishing for sharks near the Chalumna River, and saw an odd bluefish fin in the catch.
		She pulled the fish out of the pile and brought it to the museum to find out what kind of fish it was.Professor James Leonard Brierley Smith, the scientist she consulted, was surprised to see the fishbecause it looked like the coelacanths which were known only from fossils.
	www.anoca.org /fish/south/actinistia.html (855 words)

	traffic
		EAST LONDON -- Beaches between the Kei River and Chalumna River will be closed to vehicles from today until January 31, 2000, according to conservationist Kevin Cole.
		It was also stated by the Amatola District Council earlier that the seashore -- within the ADC's area of jurisdiction -- would be closed to vehicles during December and January.
		Other beaches that will be closed include Kayser's Beach to Three Sisters, Christmas Rock to the western bank of the Ncera River, Gulu Mouth to the rocks of the bathing area at Kidd's Beach and Cefane River Mouth to the western bank of the Nyara River.
	www.dispatch.co.za /1999/12/01/easterncape/TRAFFIC.HTM (274 words)

	NOVA \| Ancient Creature of the Deep \| Coelacanth Quiz 4 \| PBS
		The first recognized living coelacanth, which was caught off the coast of South Africa in 1938, was named Latimeria chalumnae in honor of the discoverer of the fish and the site of the find.
		The fish was caught in the ocean near the mouth of the Chalumna river in southeastern South Africa.
		Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer, the 31-year-old curator of the nearby East London Museum, was a fan of unusual fish and had contracted with local fishermen to save any interesting specimens for her.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/fish/quiz-04.html (120 words)

	.....Naturhistorisches Museum..... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Therefore the coelacanth is often referred to as a "living fossil".
		The first record for this species dates from 1938, when a specimen was caught off the South African coast near the mouth of the river Chalumna, hence the latin name of the species.
		This is remarkable insofar, as all the other coelacanths caught until now (about 250) come from the sea around the Comoro Islands, far away from the place where the first specimen was discovered.
	www.nhm-wien.ac.at /NHM/1Zoo/first_zoological_department/web/fischsam/fshp_09e.html (205 words)

	SA Schools news, results, fixtures from Rugby365.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Nearby is the Chalumna River flowing into the Indian ocean.
		It was named Latimeria chalumnae, one of the world's most famous fish.
		That is something special for Zweliyandila and the Chalumna.
	www.rugby365.com /SA_Schools/Schools_Profiles/story_36478.shtml (350 words)

	The UnMuseum - The Coelacanth
		Even though the chairman of the museum's board of trustees dismissed the animal as just a "rock cod," she thought there was something special about it.
		The fish, reported Courtenay-Latimer, had been part of a catch made by the trawler Nerine off the South African coast near the Chalumna River on December 21st, 1938.
		The fish survived for several hours on the ship's deck, during which it snapped at the captain's hand.
	unmuseum.mus.pa.us /coelacan.htm (1439 words)

	The Coelacanth: East Africa: Tanzania Travel Article... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		He had just returned from a trip up the coast to the mouth of the Chalumna River, he said, and had netted an unusual fish that he thought might be interesting to the museum.
		It was nearly Christmas, and she was busy with a number of other tasks, but Courtenay-Latimer finally decided the captain’s catch was worth a quick look.
		It was indeed a coelacanth, and he christened it Latimeria Chalumnae in honour of its dis...
	www.mozambique.co.za /tanzania-safari-the-coelacanth.html (523 words)

	Washingtonpost.com: Horizon Section
		Marjorie Courtney-Latimer, a young curator of the East London Museum in South Africa, was building a scientific collection of fishes and had arranged with a local fisherman, Capt. Hendrik Goosen, to collect specimens for the museum.
		On Dec. 22, 1938, Courtney-Latimer received a phone call: Goosen's trawler was at the dock with a large haul of fish taken near the mouth of the Chalumna River.
		The fish was named Latimeria chalumnae in honor of the discoverer and the site of the find.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/national/horizon/nov98/fishstory.htm (1581 words)

	Wild Coast
		The third picture is another view of Umngazi river mouth.
		"What is interesting about the Chalumna river site, as the South African archaelogist Tim Maggs has pointed out, is that it corresponds to the limits of summer rainfall adequate to grow the tropical cereals, sorghum in particular that accompanied the later Bantu movement from the Cameroons all the way down Africa.
		The Chalumna river is about 40 miles from the Great Fish River, near the modern port of East London, and at the approximate convergence of the summer and winter rainfall areas of the Cape.
	www.araly.com /wildcoast.htm (840 words)

	Coelacanth
		One day in 1938, Goosen, a captain of a fishing vessel out of South Africa, decided to fish the mouth of the Chalumna River.
		It wasn't until 1952, however, that a second one was finally caught, substantiating the claim to the fish's existence.
		The coelacanth was named Latimeria chalumna in honour of both the person (Ms.
	magnetotaxis.tripod.com /coelacanth.html (352 words)

	Coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae
		A few days before Christmas in 1938, a Coelacanth was caught at the mouth of the Chalumna River on the east coast of South Africa.
		The fish was caught in a shark gill net by Captain Goosen and his crew, who had no idea of the significance of their find.
		This Coelacanth specimen led to the discovery of the first documented population, off the Comoros Islands, between Africa and Madagascar.
	www.austmus.gov.au /fishes/fishfacts/fish/coela.htm (898 words)

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