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	Chan Buddhism - an outline of its basic beliefs and distinctions from other strains of Buddhism
		Buddhism is said to have traveled into China along the Silk Road in the first half of the first century AD.
		It was during this period that a new variant of Buddhism arose, which used elements from Daoism to beget a quintessentially Chinese variation of the Indian import.
		The general principles of Buddhism are evident in Chan Buddhism.
	www.imperialtours.net /chan_buddhism.htm (494 words)

	Chan Buddhism
		Chan (Chinese 禪) is traditionally held to be a Chinese adaptation of Indian dhyana meditation
		According this view, Chan was a reaction to a perceived imbalance in Chinese Buddhism toward the blind pursuit of textual scholarship with a concomitant neglect of the original essence of Buddhist practice: meditation and the cultivation of right view.
		Chan continued to be influential as a religious force in China, although some energy was lost with the syncretist Neo-Confucian revival of Confucianism starting in the Song period.
	www.thaiexotictreasures.com /chan_buddhism.html (584 words)

	Ch'an
		Whereas the term Chan is used as the name of a school, it also designates the purpose of its practices, and is often used in the sense of the enlightenment itself, the ultimate truth or true nature.
		Accordingly, Chan Buddhism or Zen Buddhism is not regarded only as a school of meditation, but also as a school that embodies and transmits the living wisdom attained by the Buddha, the Awakened One, while sitting in meditation beneath the Bodhi tree.
		The emergence of Chan in China is attributed to a Buddhist monk Bodhidharma.
	www.dharmaloka.org /chan.html (858 words)

	Chinese Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Buddhism entered China a few centuries after the passing away of the Buddha, at a time when Confucianism and Taoism were the predominant religions in a country that was as a big as a continent and rivaled India in historical antiquity and cultural pluralism.
		Chan rejected book learning as the basis of enlightenment, set aside all notions and theories of suffering and salvation, and relied upon day to day events, simple thinking and ordinary living as the means to enlightenment.
		Chan Buddhism underwent a schism during the 7th century resulting in the formation of two rival school, a southern school led by Hui-neng and a northern school led by Shenhsiu.
	www.hinduwebsite.com /buddhism/chinese_buddhism.htm (3112 words)

	Western Chan Fellowship - Chinese Buddhism, Buddhist Meditation Groups, Zen Retreats
		Chan is the Chinese ancestor of Zen Buddhism.
		The Western Chan Fellowship is an association of lay Chan practitioners, a lay Sangha, based in the UK.
		Attending a local zen sangha may be an easy way to make a first contact with meditation and the WCF, or it may be that you are an experienced practitioner looking for a zen community to support your own practice and the cultivation of mindfulness in daily life.
	www.westernchanfellowship.org (416 words)

	Chan Buddhism
		According to tradition, Chan originated with the Buddha himself, and was passed on "without depending on words and letters" to Mahakasyapa and a succession of later masters.
		Starting with Buddhism’s roots in India and its subsequent migration to China, the book shows how the teachings were skilfully adapted to suit the different predilections of Chinese culture, effectively becoming a "middle path" between the indigenous traditions of Confucianism and Daoism.
		Chan is not a uniquely separate lineage that can be considered in isolation from the main thread of Buddhist development -- its emergence was gradual and evolutionary, not revolutionary.
	www.andrew-may.com /chan.htm (526 words)

	Chan Heung "Founder of Choy Li Fut" - Plum Blossom International Federation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Chan Heung (1806-1875) was born in the lunar calendar 7 moon 10th day of 1806 (August 23, 1806) and began his martial arts career at the age of seven when he went to live with his uncle, Yuen Woo.
		Chan Heung was shocked when Choy Fook pointed to a large rock weighing about eighty pounds, and told him to kick it twelve feet.
		Chan Heung was awestruck by this demonstration of superpower.
	www.plumblossom.net /ChoyLiFut/chanheung.html (702 words)

	Chan - Chinese Religions - Chinese Culture
		Chan is traditionally held to be a Chinese adaptation of Indian dhyana meditation practices, and is also often said to be influenced by indigenous Chinese Taoism.
		Chan was severely repressed in China during the recent modern era with the appearance of the People's Republic of ChinaPeople's Republic, but has more recently been re-asserting itself on the mainland, and has a significant following in Taiwan and Hong Kong and among Overseas Chinese.
		In the 20th and 21st Centuries Chan practice has been adopted by Westerners, particularly in Europe and the USA where several lay practitioners have received Dharma transmission from Chan Master Sheng-yen and are now teaching in their own centres.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Chan (689 words)

	History of Buddhism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Buddhism flourished under the Indo-Greek kings, and it has been suggested that their invasion of India was intended to show their support for the Mauryan empire, and to protect the Buddhist faith from the alleged religious persecutions of the Sungas (185–73 BCE).
		The Kushans were supportive of Buddhism, and a fourth Buddhist council was convened by the Kushan emperor Kanishka, around 100 CE at Jalandhar or in Kashmir, and is usually associated with the formal rise of Mahayana Buddhism and its secession from Theravada Buddhism.
		Buddhism probably arrived in China around the 1st century CE from Central Asia (although there are some traditions about a monk visiting China during Asoka's reign), and through to the 8th century it became an extremely active center of Buddhism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Buddhism (6465 words)

	Huineng (Hui-neng) [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Chan, like other Chinese religious/philosophical traditions, is organized as a system of lineages in which teachings are passed down from Master (Patriarch) to disciple, much as family heritage passes down from father to son.
		There is some basis for such views, and in Chan history we do find examples where this seems to have been encouraged, as, for example, in the case of the Baotang school of Chan that developed in Sichuan during eighth century.
		From a Chan perspective, this mode of understanding is the result of a highly artificial process that cuts one off from full participation in one’s immediate context and inevitably leads to suffering.
	www.iep.utm.edu /h/huineng.htm (9631 words)

	chan Buddhism, is it really Buddhist. - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		That makes Chan as different from Buddhism in every sense as Muslim is to Christianity, since Muslims also consider Jesus to be a prophet, just not the son of God, and their ideas of salvation is also quite different.
		This idea of lineage is very essential to Ch'an tradition, and very well known (I'm surprised that you are not aware of it!) The concept of "kill the Buddha" is a philosophical concept that has no relation to the claim of lineage.
		Chan is simply a different religion if we are forced to give it a category in the western sense.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=8344 (3876 words)

	Religions in China, Chinese Religions - Buddhism ä½æ• (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The maturity and great age of Buddhism in China was the Tang Dynasty when emperors spent their wealth to establish monasteries and sculptures in different Buddhist caves.
		The spontaneity thought of Chan Buddhism is familiar to Taoism and the nature-near spontaneous action of the free individual.
		Buddhism was introduced into Tibet during the 7th century by a Tantric master named Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpotche), but it was only during the 11th century that Buddhism gained a real foothold in Tibet.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /Literature/Religion/buddhism.html (4168 words)

	What is the WCF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Both Chan and Zen are rooted in the Mahayana traditions of Compassion and Wisdom which are central to the Buddhist path.
		Chan opens the door to a fresh appreciation of life, death, self and mind.
		The Western Chan Fellowship was formed in 1997 and registered as a charity in 1998.
	westernchanfellowship.org /60.html (1054 words)

	E-sangha, Buddhist Forum and Buddhism Forum -> Chan Enlightenment
		Of course, we can't underestimate the influence of Buddhism, either, as shown in rebirth, karma, meditation techniques, etc. Thus, traditional Chinese Chan is clearly the confluence of the triple traditions of Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism.
		Chan enlightenment is quite a broad term and is classified differently according to different teachers and houses.
		Others still have (it seems on the spot) referred to Tathagata Chan as one kind of enlightenment and the Chan of the ancestors as yet higher (for instance in the story of the monk who was enlightened by sweeping leaves and made the poem about how last year's poverty was not real poverty).
	www.lioncity.net /buddhism/index.php?showtopic=7989 (7309 words)

	Buddhist Schools of Thought
		Meditation, or Chan, Buddhism is perhaps the most Sinicized (rendered Chinese) of all Buddhist denominations.
		The development of Chan Buddhism reached its height in the Tang Dynasty (618-906), which was, after the Han Dynasty, the greatest Chinese dynasty in history and the most prosperous, when Chinese cultural exchanges with the outside world reached its height.
		The manual on Chan meditations by Changlu Zongze in 1103 gives one an idea of how the true perception of truth could be achieved; the posture one should assume and the mental state to hold.
	www.iun.edu /~hisdcl/h425/buddhism2.htm (1277 words)

	Chan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 12th century, particularly due to masters such as Dahui Zonggao, this crystalised as a technique unique to Chan Buddhism known as gong'an (koan) practice, a method where the practitioner inquires into a seemingly paradoxical recorded dialogue between teacher and student, by raising "The Great Doubt" to engender awakening.
		The teaching styles and words of these classical masters were recorded in such important Chan texts as the Biyan Lu; (Blue Cliff Record) and the Wumenguan; (Gateless Passage), recording classic teaching gong'an cases which would be studied by later generations of students down to the present.
		Many well known Chan teachers today trace their lineage back to Hsu Yun, including Sheng-yen and Hsuan Hua, who have propagated Chan in the west where it has grown steadily through the 20th and 21st century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chan (748 words)

	Seeing through Zen book review
		John McRae is the Professor East Asian Buddhism at Indiana University and has published extensively on early Chan history so perhaps other academics may not be as surprised by this book as the non-expert may be.
		Chan deserves a book such as this but this is only a beginning in the long process of taking Chan out of medieval China and Zen out of Japan and dragging it, often kicking and screaming, into this new millennium.
		This loose chronological grouping allows the study of Chan to break away from a static, unitarian fixation upon individual teachers and allows the study to take into account the political, economic and social climate as well as the development of the religious theology and practices.
	www.thezensite.com /ZenBookReviews/seeing_through_zen.htm (2052 words)

	The Will to Orthodoxy: A Critical Genealogy of Northern Chan Buddhism - Bernard Faure Translated by Phyllis Brooks
		Marking a complete break with previous scholarship in the field, this book rewrites the history of early Chan (Zen) Buddhism, focusing on the genealogy and doctrine of one of its dominant strains, the so-called Northern school that flourished at the turn of the eighth century.
		The traditional interpretation of the Northern school was heavily influenced by the polemics of one of its opponents, the monk Shenhiu, who characterized the Northern school’s teaching as propounding the belief that enlightenment occurred gradually, was measurable, and could be expressed in conventional language.
		The third part focuses on the internecine struggles around the genealogy of Chan as reflected in the Lengqie shizi ji (Record of the Masters and Disciples of the Lankavatara [School]) by the monk Jingjue.
	www.sup.org /book.cgi?book_id=2865 (360 words)

	Liu Institute
		It was said that during this period Bodhidharma reached enlightenment and from it developed a new sect of Buddhism known as Chan Buddhism.
		Chan Buddhism eventually migrated to Japan and became known there as Zen Buddhism.
		Chan is the integration of Taoism and Buddhism, which is the integral part of Shaolin Gongfu.
	www.shaolin-world.net /shifu/shaolin.html (1046 words)

	East-West Center: Research Publications: Chan Buddhism
		Known in Japan as Zen and in Korea as Son, it is one of the most strikingly iconoclastic spiritual traditions in the world.
		Following a survey of the birth and development of Chan, its practices and spirituality are fleshed out through stories and teachings drawn from the lives of four masters: Bodhidharma, Huineng, Mazu, and Linji.
		Finally, the meaning of Chan as a living spiritual tradition is addressed through a philosophical reading of its practice as the realization of wisdom, attentive mastery, and moral clarity.
	www.eastwestcenter.org /res-rp-publicationdetails.asp?pub_ID=1629 (204 words)

	Faure, B.: The Rhetoric of Immediacy: A Cultural Critique of Chan/Zen Buddhism.
		Faure, B.: The Rhetoric of Immediacy: A Cultural Critique of Chan/Zen Buddhism.
		He focuses on Chan's insistence on "immediacy"--its denial of all traditional mediations, including scripture, ritual, good works--and yet shows how these mediations have always been present in Chan.
		Chan Insights and Oversights: An Epistemological Critique of the Chan Tradition.
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /titles/4933.html (260 words)

	Amazon.com: Hoofprint of the Ox: Principles of the Chan Buddhist Path as Taught by a Modern Chinese Master: Books: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Chan and Chau are unabashed entusiasts for the EV.
		The word chan (Wade-Giles romanization: ch'an), from which Chan Buddhism or Zen Buddhism, takes its name, is a Chinese transliteration of the Indian Buddhist term dhyana, meaning "meditative concentration" or "meditative practice." Read the first page
		This is a skillfully-written technical manual of sorts on how the engine of Ch'an practice really works, written by a trained and aged monk who has entirely devoted his life to perfecting, teaching and articulating Ch'an practice.
	www.amazon.com /Hoofprint-Ox-Principles-Buddhist-Chinese/dp/0195136934 (1864 words)

	Zen as Buddhism
		Zen has become famous in the west for it's short stories, it's koan's, it's tea ceremony and it's calm way of life.
		Zen has come to stand for a particular mindset, a certain esthetic as for instance the CSS Zen Garden, which has nothing to do with Buddhism exemplifies.
		Zen as in Zen Buddhism on the other hand, has been relatively neglected.
	www.katinkahesselink.net /tibet/zen-buddhism.html (479 words)

	Buddhism Study and Practice Group
		What you learn in Buddhism must be your own experience.
		Born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1944, he obtained a BA in philosophy from Brooklyn College (1966) and a PhD in philosophy from Claremont Graduate School (1972).
		Drawn to Buddhism in his early 20s, after completing his university studies he traveled to Sri Lanka, where he received novice ordination in 1972 and full ordination in 1973, both under the late Ven.
	www.sinc.sunysb.edu /Clubs/buddhism (540 words)

	Shaolin Chan Buddhism Zen Shaolin Temple Greensboro NC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In real practice of Chan Buddhism this means that one must participate and be in acceptance of Four Noble Truths: suffering, adapting, non-attachment, and practicing the Dharma.
		When followers of the Way suffer, they should recall that in the countless previous incarnations they have been deterred from the path, sometimes becoming trivial and angry even without cause.
		In spite of the fact that Shaolin has become famous for the kung fu styles and aptitudes of its monks, the foundation and spirit of Shaolin is actually much more centered in the Buddhist teachings of an Indian teacher named Bodhidharma, or, to the Chinese, Tamo.
	home.earthlink.net /~powerofchi/id6.html (1010 words)

	The Invention of Chan (Zen) Buddhism
		That is, if we could do analytical cross-sections at different points in time, we would see that the members of the Chan school were reformulating Bodhidharma's identity to fit their own conceptions of religious sagehood in each particular age; each substantive reconfiguration thus implies a qualitative change in the religious identity of Chinese Chan.
		Early-twentieth-century studies of Chan had a major impact in shaping how most English-language writings interpret the cultural and intellectual transitions from the North/South Dynasties period (220-589) to the Song dynasty, that is, from the third through the thirteenth centuries.
		But Song-dynasty Chan represents the primary lens through which subsequent developments in Chan were understood, whether those developments took place in China, Korea, Japan, or even the modem, non-Asian world.
	sociologyesoscience.com /chanbuddhism.html (1840 words)

	E-sangha, Buddhist Forum and Buddhism Forum -> Studying Chan Buddhism In China?
		I'm very much a beginner at meditation practice - I attended some meditation classes held by the Western Chan Fellowship in Manchester, UK for a few months, but these have been interrupted, as I am now travelling around the world for a year.
		However, I would like to continue learning how to meditate within the Chan tradition, and wondered if it were possible for me to do so in China.
		Does anyone here know of any Chan monasteries or meditation centres in mainland China that would allow a Westerner to attend their meditation sessions, or even live at a monastery for a short while?
	www.lioncity.net /buddhism/index.php?showtopic=11195 (529 words)

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