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	Chandler wobble
		The Chandler wobble has a slightly variable period of 416 to 433 days and causes the location of the poles to wander by as much as 15 meters from their mean positions.
		From computer simulations he was able to show that about two-thirds of the Chandler wobble is due to fluctuating pressure on the bottom of the ocean, caused by temperature and salinity changes and wind-driven changes in the circulation of the oceans.
		Scientists are interested in the Chandler wobble because variations in latitude due to the wobble could throw off celestial navigation systems that are unaware of the wobble by a fifth of a mile.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/Chandler_wobble.html (381 words)

	Chandler's Wobble (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The wobble, named for its 1891 discoverer, Seth Carlo Chandler, Jr., an American businessman turned astronomer, is a wobbling motion exhibited by Earth as it rotates on its axis.
		Richard Gross, a Jet Propulsion Laboratory geophysicist, reports that the principal cause of the Chandler wobble is fluctuating pressure on the bottom of the ocean, caused by temperature and salinity changes and wind-driven changes in the circulation of the oceans.
		Gross calculated that two-thirds of the Chandler wobble is caused by ocean-bottom pressure changes and the remaining one-third by fluctuations in atmospheric pressure.
	www.geocities.com /lkp550/space/chanwob.htm (187 words)

	NASA IMAGE satellite,Ask the Space Scientist Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Chandler Wobble is a periodic phenomenon which means that it can be modeled by 'simply' fitting a harmonic series of sines or cosines to the past record of deflections, and then using this empirical model to make limited forecasts into the future.
		From what I understand of the technical literature, the cause of this wobble is believed to reside in the natural resonances in the body of the spinning earth due to the detailed distribution of mass in its surface, interior, oceans and atmosphere.
		The Chandler Wobble may be a natural harmonic resonance that is also stimulated by these other constant lunar-solar forcings at the natural resonance frequency of the solid earth.
	image.gsfc.nasa.gov /poetry/ask/a11435.html (260 words)

	[No title]
		Time series of the parameters calculated for the Chandler and annual wobbles by Joachim Höpfner, Potsdam The results of the different parameters and the related standard deviations of the Chandler and annual wobbles are obtained from the paper: Höpfner, J., Chandler and annual wobbles based on the space-geodetic measurements.
		The Chandler motion is referred to the time interval from MJD 44004.0(1979 5 11.0) to 50610.0(1997 6 11.0) and the annual motion from MJD 43843.0(1978 12 1.0) to 50771.0(1997 11 19.0).
		Chandler and annual wobbles filtered out for the x1- and x2-components Chandler_x1_x2 - x1- and x2-coordinates of the Chandler wobble filtered out from the series EOP (JPL) SPACE99 from MJD 44004.0 to 50610.0 at daily intervals as shown using the mathematical perspective in space-time view of Höpfner (1994a) in Fig.
	hometown.aol.de /JoachimHoepfner/TIMESERIES/README.txt (440 words)

	Solving A Wobbly Question Of Oceanic Proportions
		The Chandler wobble, named for its 1891 discoverer, Seth Carlo Chandler, Jr., an American businessman turned astronomer, is one of several wobbling motions exhibited by the Earth as it rotates on its axis, much as a top wobbles as it spins.
		It has been calculated that the Chandler wobble would be damped down, or reduced to zero, in just 68 years, unless some force were constantly acting to reinvigorate it.
		Writing in the August 1 issue of Geophysical Research Letters, Richard S. Gross of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory reports that the principal cause of the Chandler wobble is fluctuating pressure on the bottom of the ocean, caused by temperature and salinity changes and wind-driven changes in the circulation of the oceans.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/earth-00e.html (454 words)

	Howstuffworks "What is the Chandler wobble?"
		The Chandler wobble is the change in the spin of the earth on its axis.
		The displacement of the Chandler wobble is measurable -- Imagine a gigantic ballpoint pen poked through the center of the earth, entering at the South Pole and exiting at the North Pole.
		The exact cause of the wobble in Earth's polar motion has stumped scientists with few agreeing on the actual cause, other than the fact that the earth is not a perfect sphere.
	science.howstuffworks.com /question442.htm (473 words)

	The Straight Dope: How come the Chandler wobble hasn't dampened out?
		A: The Chandler wobble, discovered by astronomer S. Chandler in 1891, is a variation in the earth's axis of rotation amounting to 0.7 seconds of arc over a period of 435 days, or about 14 months.
		A: The Chandler wobble is due to variation in the forces acting on the earth.
		All that would happen if the Chandler wobble were neglected is that someone stupid enough to navigate by the stars would be off by a mile or so upon reaching their destination, implying that nobody does that anymore.
	www.straightdope.com /classics/a991203.html (901 words)

	Earth Changes TV - Earth throws a wobbly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A mysterious wobble that shakes the Earth as it spins on its axis is caused by pressure changes at the bottom of the ocean, say scientists at Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
		The Chandler Wobble, as it is known, was first detected in 1891 by an American astronomer called Seth Carlo Chandler.
		Similar to a wobble in a spinning top, it is one of a number of tremors exhibited by the Earth as it rotates.
	www.earthchangestv.com /breaking/July2000/0719wobbly.htm (311 words)

	News in Science - Mystery of wobbly Earth solved - 19/07/2000
		The Chandler wobble, named after its 1891 discoverer, Seth Carlo Chandler Jr, is one of several wobbles the Earth makes as it rotates on its axis.
		He found the wobble is due to fluctuating pressure on the bottom of the ocean, caused by temperature and salinity changes, and wind-driven changes in the circulation of the oceans.
		Dr Gross calculated that two thirds of the Chandler wobble is caused by changes in pressure at the ocean bottom, and the rest by fluctuations in atmospheric pressure.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/2000/153343.htm (371 words)

	CNN.com - Nature - Scientists no longer waver on Earth's wobble - July 18, 2000
		The cause of the Chandler wobble, a disturbance of motion exhibited by Earth as it rotates on its axis, lies at the bottom of the ocean
		The cause of the so-called "Chandler wobble," a disturbance of motion exhibited by Earth as it rotates on its axis, is no longer a mystery.
		The Chandler wobble, named for Seth Carlos Chandler Jr., the scientist who discovered it in 1891, is one of several motions exhibited by Earth as it rotates on its axis, much like a top wobbles as it spins.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/NATURE/07/18/earth.wobble.enn (556 words)

	The Wandering Path of Chandler's Wobble - Circular Plots from 1890--2001 by MWM which show that the average location of ...
		The spiral wobble reached maximum size in 1996 and looked normal until 1998 when it hit a bump which caused a dent (which can be seen in the bottom) of the wobble for unknown reasons.
		Chandler's Wobble is a constant bobbing of the Earth as it spirals around in a small circle which takes 14 months to complete.
		This shape shifting is pulsed in the frequency of the 6.5 year X Wave (spiral waveform of Chandler's Wobble) and it has directly induced a huge increase (possibly a fourfold increase) in the release of the Earth’s interior heat into the bottoms of the oceans during the past 50 years, most especially in the Pacific.
	www.michaelmandeville.com /earthmonitor/polarmotion/plots/chandler_wobble_plots.htm (3593 words)

	Astrobiology Magazine
		Some of these are well studied, like the Chandler wobble of 433 days and the annual wobble, which together can tilt Earth's axis up to 10 meters [30 feet] from its nominal center.
		During this period, the Chandler wobble and the annual wobble essentially cancelled each other out, an event that occurs every 6.4 years, allowing the researchers to focus on the short-period wobbles.
		Although these forces had been credited by previous researchers with maintaining the large Chandler wobble, this was the first time that scientists have been able to demonstrate that day-to-day changes in atmospheric pressure produce a measurable effect on Earth's rotation.
	www.astrobio.net /news/print.php?sid=2005 (560 words)

	Major Anomly In Chandler's Wobble - 2005/2006
		During the 1998/99 anomaly at the X MIN phase of the Wobble, the passage of the wobble past this same sector of the Earth was definitely conflicted, showing a definite hesitation with a ragged line against movement further to the East from its diagonal down the X Plot.
		Chandler’s Wobble is virtually flat line but the latest graphs from the IERS (International Earth Rotation Service), which is the only authoritative source of information on the motions of the poles (and earth’s crust) shows a little reversal of the track.
		The phase and magnitude of Chandler's Wobble is undergoing a profound shift.
	michaelmandeville.com /earthmonitor/polarmotion/2006_wobble_anomaly.htm (9150 words)

	Glossary of Terms
		Annual Wobble: the forced variation of latitude caused by the atmospheric mass fluctuations acting on the Earth's figure axis.
		Chandler Wobble: the variation of latitude caused by the gyroscopic torques acting on the Earth's figure axis when displaced from its axis of instantaneous rotation.
		Polar motion is generally restricted to a combination of an annual motion, forced by the atmosphere, and the Chandler Wobble.
	www.eas.slu.edu /GGP/ggpgloss.html (490 words)

	Signs of the Times Forum / Chandler'e Wobble still stalled - update Feb. 22nd
		The wobble still has no net motion on the Y axis aside from very minor quivers such as are typically caused by atmospheric and tidal conditions.
		Normally at this time in the spiral motion of the wobble, the track of the moving Spin Axis would be moving to the right hand of the graph of polar motion, (see the Wobble Tracker graph below).
		The track should be nearly at the lowest point it would reach this year (on the Wobble Tracker chart) and should begin to slowly spiral back up towards the top of the graph no later than about the beginning of May at the latest.
	signs-of-the-times.org /signs/forum/viewtopic.php?id=508 (1094 words)

	IERS/GGFC/SB Mantle: Co-seismic Excitation of Earth Rotational and Gravitational Changes
		Despite many studies, the Chandler wobble's excitation sources have remained elusive to date, although atmospheric angular momentum variations, perhaps together with oceanic variations, may prove to be largely responsible for its excitation.
		Historically, another notable candidate excitation source for the Chandler wobble was seismic dislocation; a first proposal was made as early as Milne (1907), soon after the annual and Chandler wobbles were identified.
		The excitation of the Chandler wobble by earthquakes, Geophys.
	bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov /ggfc/sbm_cos.html (2004 words)

	Introduction to Earth Sciences I
		Wobble and stretch are actually coupled - if one changes the other is also forced to change along with it.
		Damping may be due to motion in the fluid core, but the reason the motion does not eventually evolve toward a rotational axis coinciding with the axis of figure is not known.
		When we say that the tilt, wobble and stretch of the orbital motions have periods of 20, 40 and 100 thousand years that is usually taken to mean that these are regular periods.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/ldeo/mutter/jcm/Topic2/Topic2.html (3501 words)

	Worldly wobbles
		This wobble, now known as the Chandler wobble in honour of its discoverer, didn't disappear over time, as would have been expected if no further force reactivated it.
		In the past it has been suggested that the wobble was caused by the seasonal movement of water from the southern to the northern hemisphere, or large earthquakes which jolted the Earth as it spun around its axis.
		More than a century passed before Chandler proved Euler's prediction correct, and it has taken a further century for scientists to be fairly certain that they have pinpointed the cause of Chandler's Wobble.
	plus.maths.org /issue12/news/chandler/index.html (726 words)

	:: FarShores.org End Times / Earth Changes - Cayce's Earth Changes Prediction Fulfilled :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The earth’s rotation is undergoing a shift reduction in its wobble (called the “Chandler Wobble”) as it spins on its axis.
		In fact, this current wobble cycle began in 1999/2000 and is closing or terminating abruptly leaving us hanging in mid-air so to speak, waiting for the outstretched ballerina of the Earth to regain her sense of balance after an ambitious leap which.
		Since this anomaly has appeared in a "cycle" of Chandler's Wobble which began in 2000, just after the completion of the MIN PHASE in 1999, we are now seeing Cayce's prediction fulfilled with remarkable fidelity.
	farshores.org /06et4.htm (1769 words)

	Apocalyptic Church » Major Anomaly In Chandler’s Wobble - 2005/2006
		As is well known, the wobble is generated by the differential pulling of the Moon and the Sun on the Earth’s equatorial bulge (and any other concentrations of mass in or on the Earth).
		The Earth’s Wobble has a 7 year cycle which produces two extremes, a small spiraling wobble circle and a large spiraling wobble circle, about 3.5 years apart.
		The Earth was in October 2005 moving into the small spiraling circle (the MIN phase of the wobble), which should have slowly unfolded during 2006 and the first few months of 2007.
	manystars.com /wp/?p=482 (725 words)

	Chandler Wobble -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Astronomy
		Chandler Wobble -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Astronomy
		The Chandler wobble is a periodic change in the orientation of the Earth's rotation axis.
		It is not known what excites this wobble, although earthquakes have been suggested as one possible source (Lang 1982).
	scienceworld.wolfram.com /astronomy/ChandlerWobble.html (82 words)

	EXP-Space Digest
		Chandler was a businessman who became an astronomer.
		He says the main cause of the wobble is changing pressure on the bottom of the oceans.
		Gross says two-thirds of the wobble is caused by ocean bottom pressure changes and the remaining one-third by the changes in atmospheric pressure.
	www.manythings.org /voa/00/000816ex_t.htm (1269 words)

	Earth-Jupiter Nexus. (Page 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Chandler Wobble named for Seth Carlo Chandler, the scientist who discovered it in 1891 is one of several motions exhibited by Earth as it rotates about its axis, much like a top wobbles as it spins.
		While many of the wobbles are explained, the cause of the Chandler Wobble has perplexed scientists for years.
		The Chandler Wobble (CW) is also known by these other terms: the Chandler Period, Chandler Motion, Variation of Latitude and Polar Motion.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jbstoneking/EJNpage2.htm (316 words)

	Earth-Jupiter Nexus. (Page 1)
		In this paper it will be shown graphically, that the flux in the orbit of planet Jupiter has a direct influence (Chandler Wobble) on the rotation of Earth.
		The causes of both the 433 day wobble and the 6.5 year spiraling cycles, will be explained.
		A prior work published in 2000 by a JPL scientist showing the CW source as being attributed to atmospheric and ocean bottom pressure variables, is shown to be an effect of the CW, rather than its cause.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jbstoneking/ejnpage1.htm (136 words)

	ZetaTalk: When Lies Fail
		It is currently at least one third of the average size for this phase of the 7 year cycle in Chandler's Wobble.
		So if the Chandler Wobble is measured in SECONDS, then this is TINY compared to the wobble many people around the world have been measuring, in Scotland, Sweden, Italy, Hungary, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Brazil, Chili, Canada, and parts of the US.
		Thus, a statement by Mandeville that the Chandler Wobble has stopped is naïve and confuses the issue, thus, disinformation either deliberate or inadvertent.
	www.zetatalk.com /index/zeta262.htm (1963 words)

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