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	Telescope: Chandra X-ray Observatory
		Twenty-nine years later, NASA launched the most sophisticated X-ray observatory it had ever built: the Chandra X-ray Observatory, named after the Nobel prize-winning physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.
		Chandra is positioned 200 times higher than the Hubble Space Telescope, in an elliptical, or oval-shaped, orbit.
		Chandra, the third telescope in NASA’s Great Observatories program, captures its X-rays with barrel-shaped mirrors unlike anything on a telescope that studies visible light.
	amazing-space.stsci.edu /resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/scopes/chandra/index.php (189 words)

	Chandra X-ray Observatory - from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
		Chandra showed for the first time the shadow of a small galaxy as it is being cannibalized by a larger one, in an image of Perseus A.
		Chandra's planned orbit was changed to an elliptical one, reaching one third of the way to the Moon's at its farthest point.
		AXAF was renamed Chandra in 1998 and launched in 1999 by the shuttle Columbia (STS-93).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory (1269 words)

	STS-93 Payload: Chandra X-Ray Observatory
		Chandra is the third in NASA's family of "Great Observatories." Complementing the Hubble Space Telescope and the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, which are already in Earth orbit, the Chandra X-Ray Observatory will study X-Rays rather than visible light or gamma rays.
		Chandra's twin solar arrays will then be unfolded, allowing Chandra to begin converting sunlight into 2,350 watts of electrical power to run the observatory's equipment and charge its batteries.
		Over the next two months, the observatory and its instruments will outgas, or vent, residual air and moisture trapped during its assembly on Earth, and controllers will begin the systematic process of turning on and checking out Chandra's science instruments and focusing the observatory, before it is fully commissioned to begin its five-year science mission.
	www.shuttlepresskit.com /STS-93/payload45.htm (4300 words)

	RedNova News - Space - Top Ten for Chandra's Fourth Anniversary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Chandra was able to show that the X-rays were coming from the two nuclei, and determine their X-ray spectra.
		By combining the Chandra and Hubble data for this field, astronomers can take a census of the fraction of young galaxies that contain active supermassive fl holes back to a time when the universe was only about one billion years old, less than 10% of its present age.
		Finally, Chandra's image of Tycho's supernova remnant reveals in elaborate detail the turbulent debris created by the stellar catastrophe that was observed by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe in the year 1572.
	www.rednova.com /news/stories/1/2003/08/29/story001.html (1719 words)

	Northrop Grumman > NGST > Capabilities > Space Systems > Space Science > Chandra X-ray Observatory
		Chandra promises to shed light on this cosmic mystery, detecting collapsed stars planets, fl holes or perhaps subatomic particles that may comprise the missing ingredient in galaxy clusters.
		The Observatory's unique X-ray perspective is providing a new view of cosmic phenomenon near and far -- from comets within our solar system to quasars on the edge of the observable universe.
		It is studying the mechanisms of supernovas, the last gasp of dying stars that may give birth to new ones; and probe the secrets of distant galaxies, hubs of explosive activity powered by.
	www.st.northropgrumman.com /capabilities/space/science/chandra.html (353 words)

	ITT - Chandra X-ray Observatory (AXAF) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Chandra telescope system was designed to focus X-ray energy from a distant celestial source onto a point less than one thousandth of an inch in radius.
		Chandra is capable of precisely measuring the energies of X-rays emitted from cosmic sources, allowing scientists to "see" into fl holes and to determine the age of the universe.
		Images from Chandra bridge the spectrum gap between the two great observatories currently in orbit — the Hubble Space Telescope, which operates in the visible spectrum, and the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, which observes cosmic events in the gamma ray spectrum.
	www.ssd.itt.com /heritage/chandra.shtml (613 words)

	Chandra X-Ray Observatory
		Chandra can actually resolve the stream of matter flowing off the red giant, which is then captured by the white dwarf.
		An international team of astronomers used Chandra to measure the pulsar at the centre of nebula 3C58, which is the remnant from a supernova that exploded in 1181.
		The space-based observatory focused on this remnant for 1 million seconds (just over 11 days), and revealed the bright outer green ring 10 light years across which was generated by the shockwave from the supernova explosion.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/chandra.html (2074 words)

	TRW Ready For Final Chandra Checkout
		Over the next five years, Chandra will use the world's most powerful X-ray telescope to probe the mysteries of a universe that cannot be seen by the human eye or conventional optical telescopes.
		Chandra is expected to be ready to begin its science operations by late August.
		Chandra, the third in NASA's family of Great Observatories that includes the Hubble Space Telescope and the TRW-built Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, was launched from Kennedy Space Center aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia at 12:31 a.m.
	spacedaily.com /news/bigbang-99k.html (868 words)

	SPACE.com -- Chandra Observatory's Mission Extended to 10 Years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Chandra image of NGC 7027 is brighter to the upper right -- the side of the nebula nearest the Earth -- where there is less obscuring material that otherwise blocks the X-ray emissions.
		The Chandra data, shown as the blue emission in the inset box, overlays a Hubble Space Telescope infrared image of the same region, in which some of the individual stars can be seen as point-like sources.
		Brissenden said Chandra has so far had no significant technical glitches, a sign that the telescope may well be durable enough to continue operating for many years.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/chandra_extension_010905.html (765 words)

	July 19: Astronomers eagerly await launch of observatory
		NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, a $1.55 billion, 45-foot-long, high-tech assembly of precision-ground optics and science instruments, promises at least a tenfold improvement over earlier telescopes of its type, but many involved in the project predict the improvements will be in the order of a hundredfold.
		Chandra's launch is to be followed in 2001 by the last in the series, the Space Infrared Telescope Facility.
		Chandra's internal propulsion systems will finish the journey over the first 11 days of its mission, pushing the observatory to a final elongated orbit, with a low point of 6,200 miles and a high point of 87,000 miles or about one-third of the way to the moon.
	www.chron.com /content/interactive/space/missions/sts-093/stories/preflight/990719a.html (1069 words)

	Overview of the Chandra X-ray Observatory
		The Chandra X-ray Observatory is the U.S. follow-on to the Einstein Observatory.
		The Chandra telescope was designed to have three times the area of the Einstein mirror at low energies and to have considerable collecting area between 6 and 7 keV, the energy of iron lines emitted by many astrophysical sources.
		Chandra's capabilities provide unprecedented science and Chandra Users are making important contributions to all areas of astronomy, including the solar system, stars, interacting binaries, compact objects, supernovae, galaxies, and AGN.
	cxc.harvard.edu /cdo/about_chandra/overview_cxo.html (594 words)

	Chandra X-ray Observatory - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It was named in honor of Indian physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar who is known for determining the mass limit for white dwarf stars to become neutron stars.
		With an angular resolution of 0.5 arcsecond, Chandra possesses a resolution over one thousand times better than the resolution of the first orbiting X-ray telescope, which had less precise gold-coated mirrors.
		The data gathered by Chandra have opened a new field in astronomy, shedding light not only upon our own Galaxy (the Milky Way), but many other galaxies and galaxy clusters.
	www.iridis.com /CXO (260 words)

	CNN - First Chandra images show stellar explosion, X-ray jet - August 26, 1999
		Weiler, Kirshner and other mission leaders discussed the Chandra data at a news conference Thursday at NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C. Astronauts released Chandra from the space shuttle a month ago, and the telescope currently is orbiting high above Earth, reaching a third of the way to the moon at its furthest reach.
		Chandra is designed to study X-rays, the highest energy radiation sources in the universe, at such sites as fl holes, colliding galaxies and quasars at the edge of time.
		Chandra was designed to last for five years, but it looks like it could last for a couple decades, project scientist Martin Weisskopf said.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/space/9908/26/chandra.01/index.html (1011 words)

	Inside the Mission: The Chandra Observatory
		The shuttle drops off Chandra before it reaches its final destination, a point where it will enter an eliptical orbit that reaches a third of the way to the moon.
		The shuttle will release both the observatory and a solid fuel booster, called an inertial upper stage, that will rocket Chandra to a point on its designated orbit.
		Chandra, which was built by the firm TRW, will be controlled by scientists at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, MA.
	www.space.com /news/spaceshuttles/sts93_chandraover.html (283 words)

	Chandra X-Ray Observatory - First Year Science Highlights
		Chandra brings to the field sub-arcsecond imaging that is comparable to ground based optical astronomy.
		A final example of recent Chandra results, shown in Figure 7, is the image obtained using the HRC to observe the quasar 3C273, a well known bright QSO.
		Chandra is only the first of several next generation observatories that will require such data types and processes.
	adass.org /adass/proceedings/adass00/O4-01 (2818 words)

	Interview with Martin Weisskopf, Project Scientist for Chandra X-Ray Observatory
		Chandra will be the most powerful and most sensitive X-ray telescope ever launched, and it will do for the field of X-ray astronomy what the Hubble Space Telescope has done for the field of astronomy in the visible and near-visible portions of the spectrum.
		Thousands of people have worked on various aspects of this observatory throughout these many years and all of them have played an important role, from the person who does the inventory of the spare parts to the scientist who dreamed up a clever way of making a charge-coupled detector work reliably in a radiation environment.
		Chandra is designed to complement the Hubble (which looks at the visible light emissions from the universe), the Compton (which looks at even higher energies than Chandra is capable of), the planned Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), and the ground-based radio observatories.
	science.nasa.gov /newhome/headlines/ast14jul99_1.htm (3672 words)

	NASA's Chandra Observatory Catches Titan as it Transits Crab Nebula, Casting a Revealing Shadown \| SpaceRef - Your ...
		Chandra's observation revealed that the diameter of the X-ray shadow cast by Titan was larger than the diameter of its solid surface.
		By using Chandra to precisely track Titan's position, astronomers were able to measure a shadow one arcsecond in diameter, which corresponds to the size of a dime as viewed from about two and a half miles.
		Chandra observed Titan from 9:04 to 18:46 UT on January 5, 2003, using its Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer instrument.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewpr.html?pid=13989 (1078 words)

	Chandra :: About Chandra
		The Chandra Mission - An overview of the Chandra mission and the latest status report.
		Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (Chandra) - Discover the man behind the name, including which area of study he was awarded the Nobel prize for.
		Chandra Chronicles - Read about the people and science involved in making Chandra discoveries.
	chandra.harvard.edu /about/index.html (244 words)

	NASA's new space station to be named after Chandrashekhar
		Incredibly, Chandra, as he was known among his peers and students, wrote the paper postulating the theory of gravitational collapse in1930, when he was only 19 and earning a bachelors degree from Madras University.
		Scientists now say that based on Chandra's work, contemporary astrophysicists use the laws of physics to help understand how the universe began and might end, how stars are born, evolve and die, andthe nature of cosmic phenomena like fl holes, white dwarfs and neutron stars.
		Lamb will use the Chandra Observatory to study the production of X-rays by compact stars, which is related both to Chandrasekhar's earliest work and to someof his later work in general relativity and the mathematical properties of fl holes.
	www.expressindia.com /ie/daily/19981223/35750354.html (767 words)

	ScienceMaster - JumpStart - The Chandra X-ray Observatory
		ScienceMaster - JumpStart - The Chandra X-ray Observatory
		The Chandra X-ray Observatory’s resolving power is - 0.5 arc-seconds —; equal to the ability to read the letters of a stop sign at a distance of 12 miles.
		The observatory will not only help to probe these mysteries, but also will serve as a unique tool to study detailed physics in a laboratory that cannot be replicated here on earth - the universe itself.
	www.sciencemaster.com /jump/space/chandra.php (913 words)

	Chandra X-ray Observatory Operations
		Chandra is a physically large spacecraft with a wing-span of 19.5m, length with sun-shade door open of 11.8m and an on-orbit mass of 4800kg.
		The principal operational thread for the CXC is shown in Figure 2 and shows the end-to-end flow for a Chandra proposal submitted by an observer from top-to-bottom in the center of the figure.
		Chandra cannot observe in the radiation belts or during the Charge Transfer Inefficiency (CTI) measurements (see §5), so the actual on-target observing efficiency of 66% is out of a possible maximum of 75%.
	adass.org /adass/proceedings/adass00/O4-02 (3517 words)

	X-ray Vision @ nationalgeographic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Chandra X-ray Observatory, named for renowned astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, is the third of NASA's four Great Observatories (with the Hubble Space Telescope, the now defunct Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, and the soon-to-launch Space Infrared Telescope Facility).
		Chandra is giving scientists a peek at galaxies at a much earlier stage of formation.
		Chandra's million-second exposure of deep space, which revealed some of the most remote celestial objects imaginable, must bring thrilling satisfaction to the scientists who struggled to convince the astronomical community that the x-ray sky would yield wonderful secrets.
	magma.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0212/feature2/index.html (798 words)

	BBC News \| Sci/Tech \| Chandra views stellar wreckage
		Two of the remnants Chandra has observed, designated G21.5-0.9 and PSR 0540-69, show the dramatic effects of this input of energy by the rapidly rotating, highly-magnetised neutron star, as well as the enormous shell structures produced by the explosions.
		Chandra's image shows a bright central gas cloud surrounded by a much larger diffuse cloud.
		"Chandra's gallery of supernova remnants is giving us a lot to think about," said Dr. Fred Seward, of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_453000/453705.stm (503 words)

	Chandra On-Orbit With X-ray Vision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The seven-minute, 44-second firing of the observatory’s Integral Propulsion System raised Chandra’s perigee to an estimated 6,012 miles (9,676kilometers), leaving its apogee, or high point, essentially unchanged at 86,458 miles (139,141 kilometers).
		Meanwhile, the Chandra control team continues to activate and check-out the observatory’s instruments.
		The five-minute burn positioned the telescope in a new perigee of 3515 miles (5,657 kilometers), and apogee of 86,458 miles (139,141 kilometers), with an orbital period of 61 hours and 7.3 minutes.
	spacedaily.com /news/bigbang-99j.html (245 words)

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