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Topic: Channel Island fox

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Island Fox

Island dwarfing

Natural selection

Amazon Rainforest

	Island Fox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis) is a small fox that is native to six of the eight Channel Islands of California.
		Four Island Fox subspecies were federally protected as an endangered species in 2004, and efforts to rebuild fox populations and restore the ecosystems of the Channel Islands are being undertaken.
		Island Foxes are not intimidated by humans, as they have historically been at the top of the island food chain and had no natural predators.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Island_Fox (1782 words)

	Island fox - Urocyon littoralis: More Information - ARKive
		Island foxes moult once a year, from August to November, during which time their coat fades in colour and the tips of the fur curl at the ends (6).
		Island foxes are monogamous and mate for life, but only stay together to mate and raise their pups, then disperse and live a solitary lifestyle until the following breeding season (5) (6).
		Island foxes have been dying at alarming rates over the last decade (6), with predation by golden eagles being the primary mortality factor on the northern Channel Islands (5).
	www.arkive.org /species/GES/mammals/Urocyon_littoralis/more_info.html (1432 words)

	Island Grey Fox - Urocyon littoralis
		The Channel Islands have a Mediterranean climate which is hot and dry in the summer, and cool and wet in the winter.
		The island grey fox is solitary and diurnal, being active mostly in the early morning and in the evening.
		Island grey foxes are dependent on captive breeding programs on San Miguel, Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz for their survival.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /island_grey_fox.htm (1712 words)

	Island Fox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The island fox is distributed as six subspecies, one on each of the six largest California Channel Islands.
		Monitoring foxes across the entire island using trap/mark/recapture to compare the relative abundance and distribution of island foxes east of the Isthmus (the “EAST END”), affected by the 1999 canine distemper virus (CDV) outbreak, with that of foxes in the unaffected area west of the Isthmus (the “WEST END”).
		An additional 12 foxes had gum or lip cuts from traps and 7 foxes had minor abrasions on their legs or paws (usually as bloody nails/toes) that we attributed to trap damage.
	www.iws.org /exec_summary_scat_fox_2003.htm (1552 words)

	Island Fox - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com
		The island fox shares the ''Urocyon'' genus with the mainland Gray_Fox (''Urocyon cinereoargenteus''), the fox from which it is descended.
		Based on genetic distance from their gray fox ancestors, the northern island foxes are probably the older subspecies, while the San Clemente Island foxes have been only resident on their island for about 3,400 years, and the San Nicolas Island foxes established themselves as an independent group about 2,200 years ago.
		Breeding only once a year, a typical island fox litters has one to five kits, which are born in the spring and emerge from the den in early summer.
	www.indexsuche.com /Island_Fox.html (552 words)

	Lioncrusher's Domain -- Island Grey Fox (Urocyon littoralis) facts and pictures
		The island grey fox is found in the six Channel islands off the coast of Southern California: San Miguel, San Nicholas, Santa Cruz, San Clemente, Santa Catalina, and Santa Rosa.
		The three main threats to the island grey fox are habitat destruction, competition with feral cats for food, and the threat of foreign diseases.
		San Nicholas Island: The fox population on this island fluctuates trememdously.
	www.lioncrusher.com /animal.asp?animal=21 (1067 words)

	Island fox "Urocycon littoralis"
		Visiting islands is limited and needs advanced planning yet it is possible to travel to some areas most days of the year if the weather allows.
		Not that long ago, island foxes were common on six of the eight Channel islands.
		At this point on some islands the foxes were so endangered that the remaining foxes were captured for protection.
	www.tenan.vuurwerk.nl /reports/altavista/islandfox.htm (945 words)

	Trouble in Paradise: California's Island Fox - National Zoo\| FONZ
		The foxes are thought to have spread to the southernmost Channel Islands beginning about 10,000 years ago, probably as pets or totems of the Chumash Indians who lived on the islands and along parts of the California coast.
		In 2002, the Catalina fox population was estimated at 215, with 15 captive-born pups scheduled for release in 2003.
		The foxes and the shrikes breed at the same time, which means that all of the measures intended to reduce fox predation also reduced the size of the fox breeding population.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Publications/ZooGoer/2004/4/islandfoxes.cfm (3281 words)

	Insular dwarfism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This process, and other "island genetics" artifacts, can occur not only on islands, but also in other situations where an ecosystem is isolated from external resources and breeding.
		Examples of this include the Siberian Tiger, the largest member of the cat family; the Polar Bear, the largest extant land carnivore; and the Emperor Penguin, the tallest and heaviest penguin species.
		In addition to the obvious homo floresienses example, the negrito peoples of the Indian ocean are, in general, thought of as having acheived their pygmy status because of insular dwarfism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Island_dwarfing (550 words)

	The Channel Island Fox : Utah's Hogle Zoo
		The Channel Island Fox : Utah's Hogle Zoo
		Island foxes are known for their docile nature and general lack of fear of humans.
		Island foxes use auditory, visual and olfactory signals to communicate with one another.
	www.hoglezoo.org /animals/view.php?id=96 (279 words)

	Santa Barbara Edhat - The Island Fox
		Island foxes are distributed as six different subspecies, one for each of the six Channel Islands on which they occur (San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Santa Catalina, San Nicolas, and San Clemente).
		The Island fox has pepper-and-salt fur on the top with a buff colored under fur and a fl stripe ending at the fl tip of the tail.
		The main cause of the decline was determined to be predation by the golden eagles that had recently moved to the islands, thus replacing the island fox’s spot at the top of the food chain.
	www.edhat.com /site/tidbit.cfm?id=467 (729 words)

	BASIS+ Tools: Simple Search
		As the largest native mammal, and the largest native terrestrial predator on the islands, extinction of the island fox would be a tremendous loss to CaliforniaÂ’s unique natural heritage and the ecological balance of the Channel Islands.
		The Island Fox Recovery Strategy (Coonan 2003) identifies captive breeding as crucial for the recovery of island fox populations to viable levels on the northern Channel Islands.
		Foxes were captured and retained on the individual islands for breeding.
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /brd/BasisSimpleSearch.cfm?PTS=3210APN.10.11&Show=Logo,PTS,Title,Keywords,Leaders,Narrative,Product (1487 words)

	California - Endangered Channel Island Fox Pups Born
		Twelve fox pups — including 8 females — were born on San Miguel Island, while 9 were born on neighboring Santa Rosa Island.
		The births raise the total captive population of island foxes to 50 on San Miguel, 55 on Santa Rosa, and 37 on Santa Cruz.
		Historically only occasional visitors to the northern Channel Islands, golden eagles, which colonized the islands in the 1990s, are sustained by the abundance of feral pigs.
	www.nature.org /wherewework/northamerica/states/california/press/press1488.html (372 words)

	Defenders of Wildlife - Wildlife - Swift Fox
		However, the foxes have since rebounded and a monitoring study of the San Nicholas Island population begun in the summer of 2000 currently estimates between 550-830 animals in the wild.
		On San Nicholas Island, as with all the island fox populations, evidence exists of exposure to disease.
		Automobile collisions contributed significantly to the decline of foxes on the island.
	www.defenders.org /wildlife/new/meso/island.html (2102 words)

	Catalina Island Fox
		The Catalina Island fox is the largest endemic mammal on the Island.
		A descendent of the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), it is one of the six recognized subspecies of the Island Gray fox (Urocyon littoralis) that live on six of the California Channel Islands.
		In early 2006, the population of the Catalina fox was estimated at nearly 400.
	www.catalinaconservancy.org /ecology/actions/fox.cfm (687 words)

	WildWNC.org : Animals : GRAY FOX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The gray fox belongs to the genus, Urocyon.
		There are two gray fox species: the Channel Island gray fox (Urocyon littoralis) which occupies six small islands off tile coast of California; and tile gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargetilus) which is tile species that occupies Western North Carolina, as well as other places in North America.
		Traditionally foxes have been hunted by hounds which are followed by their owners on foot or horseback.
	wildwnc.org /af/grayfox.html (542 words)

	SHOW 303: The Channel Island Fox
		Consult a topographic map of the ocean floor and then, using remoldable clay and two tin foil pans, mold the Galapagos Islands onto the bottom of one pan and the Channel Islands onto the bottom of the second pan.
		The scientific name for the Channel Island fox is Urocyon littoralis -- similar in appearance but smaller than the mainland gray fox.
		Using DNA analysis, biologists have determined that all the subspecies of foxes on the islands probably descended from a mainland fox that somehow made its way to one of the islands thousands of years ago when ocean levels were lower and the coast much closer.
	www.pbs.org /safarchive/4_class/45_pguides/pguide_303/4533_fox.html (1444 words)

	Friends of the Island Fox: ABOUT THE ISLAND FOX
		The island fox is one of the smallest members of the dog family, or canid species, in the world.
		In the absence of the bald eagle, the golden eagle was attracted to the northern islands by an abundance of wild, or feral, piglets on Santa Cruz Island.
		In contrast to the mainland gray fox, the island fox may forage openly by day so is easily spotted by a hunting golden eagle.
	islandfox.org /2005/09/about-island-fox.html (701 words)

	Defenders of Wildlife - California Programs - Channel Island Fox
		But years of livestock grazing on the islands removed native brush and replaced it with open grassland, exposing the fox to new predators such as golden eagles, which moved onto the islands after DDT had eliminated the island’s bald eagle population.
		On a fourth island, the fox population plummeted after human visitors brought in dogs carrying canine distemper.
		To assist in the recovery of the state-listed island fox, golden eagles are being relocated to the Sierra Nevada, and the National Park Service has established captive breeding facilities on two of the islands and is building a third.
	www.defenders.org /california/chfox.html (202 words)

	Friends of the Island Fox
		At the Friends of the Island Fox booth you’ll be able to see one of the radio collars we are funding so island foxes can be returned to the wild.
		Friends of the Island Fox, Inc. is the joint effort of conservation professionals and concerned private citizens striving to create public awareness about the endangered island fox and to raise funds to support education, research and conservation measures to ensure the island fox’s survival.
		The island fox is a local California species and unique in the world.
	islandfox.org (2368 words)

	Channel Island Fox Recovery Efforts
		Islands approximately 16,000 years ago when they were a connected land mass known as Santarosae.
		In 1994, fox populations were estimated at 6,000 on six of the eight Channel Islands.
		The number of foxes on San Miguel Island fell from 450 in 1994 to 15 by 1999.
	www.umich.edu /~esupdate/mayjun2002/parker.htm (247 words)

	Island Fox
		The island fox (Urocyon littoralis) is the smallest fox species in the United States and is the only medium-sized mammal unique to California.
		of all six subspecies, the northern Channel island foxes are most genetically similar to the mainland grey fox.
		Island foxes are omnivorous, feeding on a v
	www.iws.org /island_fox_natural_history.htm (256 words)

	Island fox - Urocyon littoralis - ARKive
		The island fox is the smallest North American canid, but the largest of the California Channel Islands' native mammals.
		A descendent of the mainland gray fox (U. cinereoargenteus), the island fox evolved into a unique species over 10,000 years ago, retaining similar markings to its ancestor but evolving to be just two-thirds of the size.
		Island foxes moult once a year, from August to November, during which time their coat fades in colour and the tips of the fur curl at the ends.
	www.arkive.org /species/GES/mammals/Urocyon_littoralis (220 words)

	[CINC] Island fox update
		Twelve fox pups—including 8 females—were born on San Miguel Island, while 9 were born on neighboring Santa Rosa Island.
		“The Channel Islands are among the richest areas of unique plant and animal life in North America,” said Lotus Vermeer, director of TNC Santa Cruz Island Preserve.
		We are reversing the precipitous population declines that resulted from the establishment of golden eagles on the islands in the 1990s.” Galipeau said biologists recently captured a golden eagle adult and chick on Santa Cruz Island.
	www.rain.org /pipermail/sanctuary-naturalist-corps/2004-June/002599.html (465 words)

	California - Island Fox Recovery Program: Overview
		Eight unique plant species struggle for survival, and the Santa Cruz Island fox — a small creature that has held the top berth on the island’s food chain for thousands of years — was recently added to the endangered species list.
		Santa Cruz Island was on the brink of biological destruction when The Nature Conservancy acquired an interest in the island in 1978.
		The Conservancy, which owns 76 percent of the island, and the National Park Service, which owns the rest, are working with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other partners on an intensive, science-based restoration program for the entire island.
	www.nature.org /wherewework/northamerica/states/california/features/sci_overview.html (743 words)

	IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Urocyon littoralis
		Island foxes occur in all habitats on the islands including native perennial and exotic European grassland, coastal sage scrub, maritime desert scrub, Coreopsis scrub, Isocoma scrub, chaparral, oak woodland, pine woodland, riparian and inland and coastal dune.
		When fox populations were dense, foxes could be trapped or observed in almost any of the island habitats, except for those that were highly degraded owing to human disturbance or overgrazing by introduced herbivores.
		The behavioural ecology of the island fox (Urocyon littoralis).
	www.iucnredlist.org /search/details.php/22781/all (3208 words)

	Nurturing nature / Biologists try to restore fox, bald eagle populations on Santa Cruz Island
		For millennia, the island fox co-existed peacefully with native bald eagles,
		Now, with the fox about to wink out, biologists are trying to rescue it, along with the bald eagle, as part of a hugely ambitious plan to bring the Channel Islands back to some semblance of natural equilibrium.
		But biologists seem most passionate about saving the island fox, in part because its fate is so intimately connected with that of the majestic golden eagle.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/05/22/BA25765.DTL&type=science (1151 words)

	Island Fox Bibliography
		Population decline of island foxes (Urocyon littoralis littoralis) on San Miguel Island.
		Genetic fingerprinting reflects population differentiation in the Channel Island fox.
		A population viability analysis for the island fox on Santa Catalina Island, California.
	people.delphiforums.com /lordorman/island.html (848 words)

	North American Mammals: Urocyon littoralis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Island gray foxes are thought to have arrived on three of the six California Channel Island they now inhabit some 16,000 years ago, either by swimming or by rafting on floating debris.
		Island foxes are only one-half or two-thirds the size of mainland gray foxes.
		However, they face special challenges: inbreeding is high, competition with feral cats and exposure to canine diseases are hazards, and development on the islands threatens to limit their habitat and food supply.
	www.mnh2.si.edu /education/mna/image_info.cfm?species_id=414 (172 words)

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