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Topic: Channel noise level

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	transmissionII: airborne
		Antenna noise temperature is the temperature of a hypothetical resistor at the input of an ideal noise-free receiver that would generate the same output noise power per unit bandwidth as that at the antenna output at a specified frequency.
		In telecommunications, effective input noise temperature is the source noise temperature in a two-port network or amplifier that will result in the same output noise power, when connected to a noise-free network or amplifier, as that of the actual network or amplifier connected to a noise-free source.
		An undesired signal occurring in the main channel from modulation of the stereophonic channel or that occurring in the stereophonic channel from modulation of the main channel.
	www.newmuseum.org /airborne/glossary.html (3952 words)

	Channel noise level -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Note 2: Each unit used to measure channel noise level reflects a (An electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow) circuit noise reading of a specialized instrument designed to account for different (The act of hindering or obstructing or impeding) interference effects that occur under specified conditions.
		The noise power density spectrum in the (Click link for more info and facts about frequency range) frequency range of interest.
		The average noise power in the frequency range of interest.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/channel_noise_level.htm (141 words)

	Low and Medium Level Vision using Channel Representations
		A channel representation of a scalar value is a vector of channel values, which are generated by passing the original scalar value through a set of kernel functions.
		Averaging in the channel representation is identified as a regularised sampling of a probability density function.
		Channel smoothing with alpha synthesis is compared to mean-shift filtering, bilateral filtering, median filtering, and normalized averaging with favourable results.
	www.cvl.isy.liu.se /ScOut/Theses/PaperInfo/forssen04.html (472 words)

	ATP Transport Through a Single Mitochondrial Channel, VDAC, Studied by Current Fluctuation Analysis -- Rostovtseva and ...
		pore of the voltage-dependent mitochondrial ion channel, VDAC.
		In the absence of the channel the noise level of an unmodified
		The horizontal arrow corresponds to the noise level in the absence of a channel.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/74/5/2365 (5942 words)

	Definition: channel noise level (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The ratio of the channel noise at any point in a transmission system to an arbitrary level chosen as a reference.
		Note 2: Each unit used to measure channel noise level reflects a circuit noise reading of a specialized instrument designed to account for different interference effects that occur under specified conditions.
		The noise power density spectrum in the frequency range of interest.
	glossary.its.bldrdoc.gov /fs-1037/dir-007/_0922.htm (119 words)

	Harmony Central - Expansion/Noise Gating
		The level of the input signal is given by the horizontal axis, and the output level is given by the vertical axis.
		Since the level sensing function is a short time average, it takes some time for a change in the input level to be detected which then triggers the change in the gain.
		Noise gates are most often used to eliminate noise or hiss which may otherwise be amplified and heard when an instrument is not being played.
	www.harmony-central.com /Effects/Articles/Expansion (1169 words)

	Noise
		In telecommunications, ambient noise level or room noise level is the level of acoustic noise existing at a given location, such as in a room, in a compartment, or at a place out of doors.
		In telecommunication, antenna noise temperature is the temperature of a hypothetical resistor at the input of an ideal noise-free receiver that would generate the same output noise power per unit bandwidth as that at the antenna output at a specified frequency.
		In telecommunications, effective input noise temperature is the source noise temperature in a two- port network or amplifier that will result in the same output noise power, when connected to a noise-free network or amplifier, as that of the actual network or amplifier connected to a noise-free source.
	www.shortopedia.com /N/O/Noise (1207 words)

	Discovery Channel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Discovery Channel is an American cable TV network, based in Silver Spring, Maryland, that has a variety of science programming, particularly documentaries and nature shows.
		Discovery Channel Radio is a channel on both of the major United States satellite radio services: XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio.
		In a number of countries Discovery channels are available on digital satellite platforms with multiple language soundtracks or subtitles (like Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Danish, Polish, Hungarian, and Romanian).
	www.kiwipedia.com /discovery-channel.html (330 words)

	Data Communications Basics
		A channel whose direction of transmission is unchanging is referred to as a simplex channel.
		In general, the maximum data rate a channel can support is directly proportional to the channel's bandwidth and inversely proportional to the channel's noise level.
		Noise and momentary electrical disturbances may cause data to be changed as it passes through a communications channel.
	www.camiresearch.com /Data_Com_Basics/data_com_tutorial.html (4380 words)

	www.VincentBockaert.com - Red Channel Noise Reduction Comparison
		A slight level adjustment has been applied to the 200% RGB crop to bring out the red waves in the blue sky.
		The red channel is very noisy as is reflected by a red channel histogram standard deviation of 4.71 in this blue sky crop.
		My method creates a clean blue sky with a standard deviation of only 1.71, which is about the same as what you would measure in the blue sky of a typical Canon EOS D60 picture, which is of course not the same as saying the image quality is now the same.
	www.vincentbockaert.com /Noise_Reduction_Comparison.asp (364 words)

	Group Technologies - Drawmer The DS201 dual channel noise gate
		The DS201 is a sophisticated dual channel noise gate incorporating a number of features pioneered by Drawmer, which are invaluable to the sound engineer, and not found on conventional noise gates.
		For example, when attempting to separate a signal from unwanted noise or crosstalk that is relatively high in level, spurious triggering of the gate by unwanted components within the sound can be a serious problem.
		Increasing the threshold level may cure this problem, but then there is a very real danger that any quieter snare drum beats may not cause the gate to open at all and the performance can easily be ruined.
	www.gtaust.com /products/products_draw_ds201.shtml (658 words)

	"Blue channel noise" questions
		Notice that the noise pattern is the same in both blue channel images, and also how much noisier it is than the green channel.
		Both bias and dark noise is somewhat easier to see in dark areas of the image, probably because of the way images are scaled for display combined with the raw noise levels being proportionally higher:
		5634 + 10 = 0.002 of pixel noise is noise
	www.photo.net /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=001vKn (3293 words)

	Effects of Noise on Sampler Quantization Errors
		This noise data array is convolved with the square root of the Fourier transform of a lowpass filter function to produce the noise spectrum shown in Figure 1.
		The level of the second harmonic (1.9531 MHz) of the CW signal shown in Figure 11 as a function of broadband noise added to the A/D sampler input.
		An rms noise amplitude of one quantization interval corresponds to a -8 dB on the horizontal axis.
	www.cv.nrao.edu /~rfisher/SamplerErr/harmonics.html (1863 words)

	GL Communications - Active Voice Level Monitor
		At any given time, the active voice level is found as follows: For each successive threshold from lowest (smallest) to highest, an RMS power value is calculated by dividing the sum square signal value by the sample count for that threshold.
		The actual active voice level is then computed by interpolation of the levels at the upper and lower thresholds.
		Note that the Active Voice Level calculation is a continuous retrospective process that will continue indefinitely until the process is stopped or until the accumulated values are discarded and the data tracking structures are reset to initial values.
	www.gl.com /activevoicelevel.html (2190 words)

	Method and apparatus for estimating carrier frequency offset and fading rate using autoregressive channel modeling - ...
		In characterizing a fading dispersive channel so as to allow both transmitter and receiver to adapt to changing channel conditions, it is typically assumed that the response of the channel to a unit impulse is quasi-stationary, i.e.
		In addition, it is often assumed that the channel impulse response is independent for different values of delay, in which case the channel is said to exhibit uncorrelated scattering of the transmitted signal.
		The channel estimator 23b-1 is iterative in the sense that the Kalman smoother 23b-1a and the interconnected AR parameter estimator 23b-1b are operated alternately (in turn), feeding each other at each iteration.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6868276.html (4471 words)

	Phase Noise Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Interference report type allows you to specify the offset of an interferer and to see the level required to cause a specific level of interference.
		This would, in affect, reduce the sensitivity by 3 dB since the channel noise would have increased by 3 dB.
		The interference power level is determined by the Mixer's SSB noise level and the filtering encounter by the interferer.
	www.ardentech.com /PhaseNoise_Report.htm (183 words)

	Rent or buy test equipment manufactured by Agilent Technologies \| Instrumentation Sales & Rentals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Noise to noise ground., noise with tone, and signal to noise ratio.
		Phase noise of <-80dBc/Hz at 100Hz offset from the carrier,<-97dBc/Hz at 1kHz offset, <-113dBc/Hz at 10kHz offset, and <-116dBc/Hz a 100kHz offset.
		SSB phase noise at 20kHz offsets of 134dBc/Hz at 1GHz.
	www.isre.com /man-agilent.htm (3231 words)

	Acoustics Monitoring Program
		Finally, whether or not a particular acoustic signal can be detected in the ocean is a factor of the level of the signal of interest relative to the background noise level of the ocean, or ambient noise.
		This is normally expressed as a "signal to noise ratio" (SNR), where any value greater than 1 implies that the signal is detectable above the noise, while a number below 1 implies that the signal is "buried" in the noise.
		First, the ambient noise field of the ocean is quite variable with respect to time, location, and frequency.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /vents/acoustics/tutorial/10-signal-noise.html (302 words)

	sc68 - Atari ST and Amiga musics
		The audio level output from the D/A convertors for the three channels (A,B, and C) is respectively adjusted by the registers R8, R9 and RA.
		The level is determined by the 5 bit output (E4~E0) of the counter.
		Each of the three channels is equiped with a D/A convertor which converts the calculated digital values to analog signals for output.
	sc68.atari.org /developers_technicals.html (1314 words)

	HTGuide Forum - How to balance channel level in RSP1068
		We could either crack up the volume to achieve the 75 db and then adjust the channel level, or we could increase the channel level and leave the volume to a normal listen level.
		I do not know the technical reason, but when I turn the RSP1068 speaker channel levels down to 0, crack up the volume to achieve the 70db sound level and adjust the speaker level one by one.
		I would say you'd want the levels at or close to zero, if only so that you could use the remote's C, R, and S buttons for on the fly adjustments, which start off at whatever level you had set.
	www.htguide.com /forum/showthread.php4?t=12054 (1134 words)

	LEVEL BEST
		If you listen to the background noise coming from most synths when they are not being played, it changes little with the position of this control, but the level coming from the synth does.
		Normally, hum level will go down as you unplug the offending cable, but if you have several that are mis-wired, it may actually go up, and in this case you will have to carry on unplugging and replacing other MIDI cables until you cure the problem.
		In theory, synths that rely on digital mixing to alter volume levels may (depending on their design) be reducing in resolution as the level drops, and therefore using less digital bits.
	www.soundonsound.com /sos/jun98/articles/midilevel.html (2309 words)

	OFDM as a modulation technique for wireless communications, with a CDMA comparison
		The signal to noise ratio is set by adding a known amount of white noise to the transmitted signal.
		The channel noise was simulated using the same model as used in the OFDM simulations (see section 2.1).
		The signal to ratio determines the relative amplitude of the received signal and the noise level.
	www.skydsp.com /publications/4thyrthesis/chapter2.htm (6771 words)

	Noise From Voltage-Gated Ion Channels May Influence Neuronal Dynamics in the Entorhinal Cortex -- White et al. 80 (1): ...
		Models incorporating channel noise mimic some, but not all, interspike interval characteristics of MEC stellate cells.
		Because the population of persistent Na channels [or alternatively, the population of Na channels that are in the persistent "mode" (Alzheimer et al.
		Among the putative effects of channel noise reported here is a form of stochastic resonance (SR) with weak periodic stimuli.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/80/1/262 (4561 words)

	Characterization of Inositol-1,4,5-Trisphosphate-Gated Channels in the Plasma Membrane of Rat Olfactory Neurons -- ...
		channel noise level, and single-channel conductance and kinetics.
		The open probability and the open channel noise of the large conductance channel were voltage dependent.
		the characteristic flickery bursts of the olfactory channel.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/76/3/1410 (6915 words)

	ARX FAQs - Why build a SIX channel noise gate?
		Noise Gates offer the user virtually total control over the amplitude envelope of any Audio Signal, whether it's for Drumkits, Vocals, FX manipulation or even for multi channel speech reinforcement systems for conferences.
		Our conclusion was that while there were a lot of great, good and not so great 1 channel, 2 channel and 4 channel gates available none of these addressed the most popular use.
		With its ultra low noise figures and unity gain operating level the Sixgate is ideally suited for -10dB applications without any modification whatsoever.
	www.arx.com.au /FAQ_Sixgates.htm (542 words)

	CHANNEL MASTER High-Level Line Extenders FOR DSS SATELLITE
		A DC blocked termination, such as the Channel Master Model 7184 should be placed at the end of the trunk line.
		Depending upon the signal levels out of the LNB, it may be necessary to space the first amplifier some distance from the LNB or use a power passing attenuator such as Channel Master Models 2803IFD, 2806IFD or 2810IFD.
		In all cases, it is assumed the input level to each amplifier is the same (amplifier gain at 1450 MHz is equal to cable loss at 1450 MHz).
	www.starkelectronic.com /cmsatp9.htm (508 words)

	Variable Speed Fan Technology for Boxed Intel® Pentium® 4 Processors
		This allows the fan to remain quiet (i.e., fan is running at lowest speed and noise level) for systems in normal operating environments and to increase in speed, thereby improving thermal efficiency, when external temperature rises.
		The fan operates at its lowest speed and noise level until the inlet air temperature exceeds the lower set point (approximately 36Â±1ÂºC*).
		The fan speed and noise level will continue to increase linearly until the inlet air temperature reaches the higher set point (approximately 45Â±1ÂºC*).
	www.intel.com /cd/channel/reseller/apac/zht/products/desktop/bdb/d975xbx/tech/tech_ref/factory_notes_all/35946.htm (312 words)

	Scalar and Vector Network Analyzers \| Instrumentation Sales & Rentals
		Frequency: 45MHz to 50GHz; measurement results can be displayed on a large color CRT on one of two independent, yet identical channels.
		With the 8511A, the 8510B/C becomes a general purpose four channel magnitude/phase receiver.
		With the 8511B, the 8510B/C becomes a general purpose four channel magnitude/phase receiver.
	www.isre.com /cat-analyzers_network.htm (601 words)

	API 235L Discrete Channel Noise Gate
		When an engineer is faced with program material with a high level of background noise, the 235L can either Gate the signal at a preset Threshold, or with the use of the Expander function, can reduce the background noise to an almost undetectable level.
		Once the Threshold level is set, the Attack time can be selected to react faster than 100 micro seconds or slightly slower than 25 milli-seconds to reduce false triggering.
		Setting the threshold in the Gate function to the desired level, then switching to the Expander mode is the perfect setup.
	www.apiaudio.com /235l.html (411 words)

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