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Topic: Chaotropic agent

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	Methods for the recovery of nucleic acids from reaction mixtures - Patent 5422241
		A second reagent contains a chaotropic agent (a guanidinium salt) for inactivating said nucleases and an alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol) for the simultaneous inactivation of the nucleases and the precipitation of the nucleic acids without the need for protease digestion or organic extraction.
		Chaotropic agents are used in some embodiments of the invention.
		However, this is not a requirement in that the carrier agent may be suitably aliquoted into a separate container such that it may be employed by the end-user.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5422241.html (10903 words)

	Silica - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Silica is also used as a food additive, primarily as a flow agent in powdered foods, or to absorb water (see the ingredients list for Burger King).
		Silica is also used in the extraction of DNA and RNA due to its ability to bind to the nucleic acids under the presence of chaotropes.
		Silica is added to medicinal anti-foaming agent, like Simethicone, with a small portion to enhance defoaming activity.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Silica (711 words)

	Avidity Determinations for Haemophilus influenzae Type b Anti-Polyribosylribitol Phosphate Antibodies -- Romero-Steiner ...
		of the antibody population, and the concentration of the chaotrope
		in the absence of the chaotrope (2, 11).
		When increasing concentrations of the chaotrope are used, the sera are loaded at a single dilution.
	cvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/12/9/1029 (4971 words)

	A significant effort over the past year was directed towards development and optimization of RNA extraction protocols ...
		RNA can be extracted from a variety of starting material including: whole or partial tissue samples, cultured cells, or purified cell populations (for example a lymphocyte prep from whole blood or cells selected by FACS or laser capture microdissection techniques).
		When working with cell preparations, such as purified lymphocytes, pelleting the cells and resuspending the pellet in a chaotropic agent most effectively accomplishes preservation and recovery of cellular RNA.
		After suspension in the chaotropic agent, the cellular material can be homogenized using a QiaShredder column and the RNA extracted using an RNeasy column.
	www.scripps.edu /researchservices/dna_array/rna_isolation/rnaisolat.htm (880 words)

	Multi-well Filter Plate Glossary of Terms
		CHAOTROPIC AGENT An ion that solubilizes proteins, dissolves cell membranes, and denatures DNA.
		EDTA is a common chelating agent to remove Mg or other metal ions from availability in solution.
		Most Eu assays include the attachment of an Eu chelate to a ligand or antibody that is opened by a releasing agent after washing.
	www.pall.com /34696_26868.asp (4145 words)

	C-Consulting - - Produkty Ambion -
		Cells or tissue are disrupted in a guanidinium thiocyanate solution; this chaotropic agent effectively lyses cells and inactivates endogenous ribonucleases.
		Samples are solubilized in a powerful chaotropic solution and RNA is purified on a glass fiber filter cartridge specificly designed for very small samples.
		Unlike harsh chaotropes such as guanidine, the MELT reagents digest RNases to peptide fragments that cannot reactivate.
	www.c-consulting.sk /ambi2.html (4257 words)

	Reconstitution, Solubility and Storage of Peptides
		High concentration of chaotropic salts to help dissolve the peptide by breaking up the secondary structures.
		Chaotropic agents are suitable for preparing solution for analysis, but may interfere with a biological system used for study of the peptide
		The best agents are DMF or DMSO (up to 30%) added drop until the peptide dissolves.
	www.4adi.com /tech/pepstore.html (697 words)

	Humoral Immune Response to Primary Rubella Virus Infection -- Wilson et al. 13 (3): 380 -- Clinical and Vaccine ...
		Incubation with the chaotropic agent used in the
		chaotropic agent (e.g., 8 M urea [18] or 100 mM diethylamine
		Changes in antibody avidity after virus infections: detection by an immunosorbent assay in which a mild protein-denaturing agent is employed.
	cvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/13/3/380 (4157 words)

	[No title]
		These agents are small, planar (contain a double bond) molecules that interact with the disordered phase of water and include urea, guanadinium chloride, and isothiocyanate salts.
		Therefore, using chaotropic agents, equilibrium shifts from the disordered to ordered phase of water.
		If enough of a chaotropic agent is added, the opposing forces cancel each other out and the stability of the unfolded protein and the native protein is comparable.
	www.uhmc.sunysb.edu /som/students/2003/Lectures/cell05.doc (1574 words)

	Rhinosporidium seeberi: A Human Pathogen from a Novel Group of Aquatic Protistan Parasites - Statistical Data Included ...
		The etiologic agent of rhinosporidiosis, Rhinosporidium seeberi, is an enigmatic microbe that has been difficult to classify.
		Tissue sections of C. immitis in bone were obtained from a patient with disseminated coccidioidomycosis at the Palo Alto VA hospital and used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
		Samples of Rosette agent and Dermocystidium salmonis DNA were obtained from the Bodega Marine Laboratory of the University of California, Davis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_3_6/ai_62870287 (881 words)

	Chaotropic agent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Often structural features, as detected by means such as circular dichroism can be titrated in a chaotrope concentration-dependent fashion.
		High generic salts can have chaotropic properties, by shielding charges and preventing the stabilization of salt bridges.
		Hydrogen bonding is stronger in nonpolar media, so salts, which increase the dipole moment of the solvent, can also destabilize hydrogen bonding.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chaotropic_agent (147 words)

	Using Remotely Sensed Data to Identify Areas at Risk for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
		After thawing and a 1-minute centrifugation at 500 x g, approximately 0.2 g of the tissue pellet was digested by mechanical disruption and the DNA was purified by adsorption to glass milk in the presence of a chaotropic agent, according to the manufacturer's instructions (Fast Prep, Bio 101, Vista, CA).
		Ambiguously and incorrectly aligned positions were manually aligned on the basis of the conserved primary sequence and secondary structure.
		The dataset was used to empirically determine nucleotide frequencies and instantaneous substitution rates with the restriction of a 2:1 transition to transversion ratio.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol6no3/fredricks.htm (3871 words)

	IMSC 2006: On-line Abstract Book (Abstract Details)
		Samples are first filtered on a 5 or 10 kDa membrane in the presence of a chaotropic agent to obtain the peptidome fraction, then peptide mixtures are resolved on RP-18 HPLC and analysed on a mass spectrometer.
		As a result two dimensional maps (molecular mass vs. HPLC retention time) of peptides present in the sample are obtained.
		Different parameters of sample preparation steps have been tested (filtration cutoff and temp., filter type, chaotropic agent, acetonitrile gradient, sample storage conditions and sample stability during analysis) and optimized.
	www.imss.nl /imsc17/abstracts/abstractcb54.html?ID=915 (342 words)

	Method of isolating RNA
		The present invention provides a method for isolating RNA from a biological material comprising RNA and contaminants, wherein: the biological material is disrupted in the presence of a chaotropic agent, the resulting lysate is diluted to precipitate out contaminants, and the precipitate is removed from the lysate.
		RNA is preferably isolated from the resulting cleared lysate, using a silica matrix to bind and then release RNA bound thereto under particular conditions.
		The present invention also provides a method for isolating RNA from a solution comprising RNA and DNA, wherein: the RNA and DNA are bound to a silica matrix in the presence of at least one binding enhancer, the DNA is digested with DNase, and the RNA fluted therefrom.
	www.patentalert.com /docs/000/z00006641.shtml (216 words)

	The Use of Lithium Chloride to Study Human Milk Micelles -- Sood and Slattery 86 (1): 78 -- Journal of Dairy Science
		For this study, the mild chaotropic agent LiCl was added
		agents and correlate them with possible micelle structure.
		A mild chaotropic agent such as lithium chloride
	jds.fass.org /cgi/content/full/86/1/78 (2849 words)

	Automated Specific Capture of Hepatitis C Virus RNA with Probes and Paramagnetic Particle Separation -- Miyachi et al. ...
		RNA was isolated from serum by lysis of virus particles with a
		chaotropic agent, followed by hybridization of the RNA with biotinylated
		is sensitive detection of agents directly from clinical specimens.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/38/1/18 (2407 words)

	ADC -- eLetters for Singer et al., 89 (7) 595-597
		This is a common and well documented problem when using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection systems, and it is for this reason that we do not use ECL routinely in our laboratory for diagnostic screening for anti-neuronal antibodies.
		Non- specific binding, however, can be reduced by optimising the quantity of protein loaded, using specialised transfer membranes, using specially formulated blocking solutions, optimising the washing steps, reducing the concentration of the second or detector antibody, using more specific detector antibodies or adding a chaotropic agent to the washing solution.
		Singer and colleagues did not describe their Western blotting methods in their commentary, nor the method used to remove lipid from their basal ganglia preparation or the colorimetric agent used in the experiments in Figure 2 [1].
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/eletters/89/7/595 (1227 words)

	Millipore - Technical Library - Sample Preparation of Peptides or Proteins Prior to Electrospray/Nanoelectrospray MS
		Maximum binding to the ZipTip is achieved in the presence of TFA or other ion-pairing agents.
		Optimal binding of protein to ZipTip may also require a chaotropic agent (e.g.
		If sample does not already contain a chaotropic salt, add a few minutes before binding.
	www.millipore.com /publications.nsf/docs/tn072 (784 words)

	Protein-Sugar Interactions: Preparation, Purification, and Properties of Rabbit Antibodies against ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Antibodies against di-N-acetylchitobiose (CB) were raised in rabbits after injection of CB-bovine serum albumin conjugates and were fractionated by columns into two classes: the first bound to a column of Sepharose covalently coupled with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc); the second bound to a column coupled with CB.
		Active antibodies were eluted by a moderate concentration of a chaotropic agent, but not by high ionic strength buffers or acidic buffers.
		The active fractions were identified as IgG by ultracentrifugation and immuno-electrophoresis.
	intl.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/74/1/168 (288 words)

	Development and Verification of an Automated Sample Processing Protocol for Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency ...
		of plasma by lysis of the virus with a chaotropic agent followed
		of the virus with a chaotropic agent and precipitation of the
		agents and proteinase K. Nucleic acids are bound to the surface
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/41/5/2062 (2971 words)

	Millipore - Frequently Asked Questions - When would I need to use a chaotropic agent to enhance binding of my sample to ...
		Millipore - Frequently Asked Questions - When would I need to use a chaotropic agent to enhance binding of my sample to ZipTipC4?
		When would I need to use a chaotropic agent to enhance binding of my sample to ZipTip
		A chaotropic agent, such as Guanidine HCL (1-4M) which enhances adsorption, should be included in the sample anytime peptide or protein solubility is an issue.
	www.millipore.com /faqs.nsf/docs/4xmtxl (73 words)

	G3272 Guanidine hydrochloride for molecular biology, ≥99%
		Strong chaotropic agent useful for the denaturation and subsequent refolding of proteins.
		This strong denaturant can solubilize insoluble or denatured proteins such as inclusion bodies.
		Sigma-Aldrich brand products are sold exclusively through Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. Best viewed in IE6 or higher
	www.sigmaaldrich.com /catalog/search/ProductDetail/SIGMA/G3272 (223 words)

	bioMerieux -- Molecular Diagnostics Product (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		solid-phase extraction method utilizes the lysing and nuclease-inactive properties of the chaotropic agent guanidine thiocyanate (GuSCN) combined with the nucleic acid binding properties of silicon dioxide particles.
		As a highly standardized procedure, Boom extraction provides an optimal basis for full automation.
		Enhanced throughput and user convenience for higher-volume testing Boom technology licenses are available
	www.biomerieux-vitek.com /clinical/nucleicacid/silicaextraction.htm (109 words)

	Biotechterms.org
		A substance which yields ions that can dissolve biological membranes/proteins, and/or denature nucleic acids.
		One example of a chaotropic agent is guanidium isothiocyanate.
		Copyright © 2001 by Technomic Publishing Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved
	biotechterms.org /sourcebook/saveidretrieve.php3?id=3162 (34 words)

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