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Topic: Chaouia language

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Chaouia language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A language is one with a clear-cut grammar and syntax.
		The berber language also has two types of states or cases of the noun, organized ergatively: one is unmarked, while the other serves for the subject of a transitive verb and the object of a preposition, among other contexts.
		Subclassification of the Berber languages is made difficult by their mutual closeness; Maarten Kossmann (1999) describes it as two dialect continua, Northern Berber and Tuareg, and a few peripheral languages, spoken in isolated pockets largely surrounded by Arabic, that fall outside these continua, namely Zenaga and the Libyan and Egyptian varieties.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Chaouia-language (704 words)

	WAAC: Demographics of Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The terms "language" and "dialect" have often be coined for political purposes.
		A dialect is derived from the main language; however, it is not really clear where the distinction lies.
		Chaouia (pronounced "shawiya") Tamazight, spoken in the Aures Mountains region, in the eastern part of the country.
	www.waac.info /library/Demography/languages.htm (1066 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Etymologically, it means "language of the free" or "of the noblemen." Traditionally, the term "tamazight" (in various forms: "thamazighth", "tamasheq", "tamajeq", "tamahaq") was used by many Berber groups to refer to the language they spoke, including the Middle Atlas, the Rif, Sened in Tunisia, and the Tuareg.
		The berber language also has two types of states or cases of the noun, organized ergatively: one is unmarked, while the other serves for the subject of a transitive verb and the object of a preposition, among other contexts.
		Subclassification of the Berber languages is made difficult by their mutual closeness; Maarten Kossmann (1999) describes it as two dialect continua, Northern Berber and Tuareg, and a few peripheral languages, spoken in isolated pockets largely surrounded by Arabic, that fall outside these continua, namely Zenaga and the Libyan and Egyptian varieties.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Berber_language (2273 words)

	ALGERIA - The Society and Its Environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Arabic, the language of the majority and the official language of the country, is a Semitic tongue related to Hebrew, Aramaic, and Amharic.
		Dialectical Arabic remained the language of everyday discourse among the vast majority of the population, but it was cut off from contemporary intellectual and technological developments and consequently failed to develop the flexibility and vocabulary needed for modern bureaucratic, financial, and intellectual affairs.
		The major effort, however, centered on language, and it was the quest for a "national" language that became the hallmark of arabization and that has aroused the most controversy and outright opposition.
	www.jdunman.com /u/xx/ag/People/People.htm (16420 words)

	Er Rif. Language
		This group of different languages, but married by their ownership common to the ethnos amazigh, it has come to be generically, in growing consent, denominated as the language of the Middle Atlas, the tamazight, as general term that includes to all the other ones.
		The language Tarifit is the language Amazigh that at the moment survives in the north of the current State of Morocco.
		It is the one that use all the western languages, and in general all the languages of Europe with the Greek's exception (they use the Greek alphabet), Bulgarian, Russian, and the Serbocroatian that use the Cyrillic alphabet.
	www.geo.ya.com /errif/terrain/langue/langue.html (1916 words)

	Chaouia language resources
		...period for the spread of an Afroasiatic language (ancestral to the modern Berber languages) to the...
		of north Morocco, the Chaouia of Algeria, and the Tuareg of the Sahara.
		Chaouia J Chatino, Nopala J Chavacano J,A Chechen J,A Chhattisgarhi J Chichewa J Chilcotin J,A Chin, Asho J,A Chin, Falam A Chin, Haka J Chin, Mun A Chin, Paite A Chin, Tedim J Chinanteco, Quiotepec J...
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Chaouia.html (1154 words)

	Algeria: Religions & Peoples
		Algeria has, therefore, the strongest Berber culture of all countries with a Berber population, and Berber language lives on, but only as an everyday language (French is the administrative and cultural language for them, and many Berbers don't know very much Arabic).
		Berber languages is the other large group, but consists of several variants: Kabyle spoken by 2,5 million (some sources say as many as 6 million) in the mountainous north of the country.
		Chaouia spoken by 1,4 million, mainly living in the south and southeast of the Grand Kabylie in the Aurès Mountains.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/algeria_4.htm (560 words)

	Algeria - ETHNIC GROUPS AND LANGUAGES
		In addition to their own language, many adult Berbers also speak Arabic and French; for centuries Berbers have entered the general society and merged, within a generation or two, into the Arab group.
		The major Berber groups are the Kabyles of the Kabylie Mountains east of Algiers and the Chaouia of the Aurès range south of Constantine.
		Perhaps half as numerous as the Kabyles and less densely settled, the Chaouia have occupied the rugged Aurès Mountains of eastern Algeria since their retreat to that region from Tunisia during the Arab invasions of the Middle Ages.
	countrystudies.us /algeria/51.htm (1474 words)

	Algeria the Arabization Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In early July 1993, the most recent legislation proposing a national timetable for imposing Arabic as the only legal language in government and politics was again delayed as a result of official concerns about the existence of the necessary preconditions for sensible arabization.
		The law was to require that Arabic be the language of official communication--including with foreign nations, on television, and in any other official capacities--and would impose substantial fines for violations.
		The Kabyles, who are the most numerous, have succeeded, for example, in instituting the study of Kabyle, or Zouaouah, their Berber language, at the University of Tizi Ouzou, in the center of the Kabylie region.
	www.country-studies.com /algeria/the-arabization-movement.html (497 words)

	talks - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Talking, human communication by means of spoken language or hand signals.
		Language, the principal means used by human beings to communicate with one another.
		Language is primarily spoken, although it can be transferred to...
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/searchdetail.aspx?q=talks&pg=9&grp=art (303 words)

	Language
		Language families can be divided into smaller phylogenetic units, conventionally referred to as branches of the family, because the history of a language family is often represented as a tree diagram.
		Languages that cannot be reliably classified into any family are known as language isolates.
		A language isolated in its own branch within a family, such as Greek within Indo-European, is often also called an isolate, but such cases are usually clarified.
	www.angindia.com /biographyland/biography_language.html (462 words)

	Algeria Languages: Arabic and Berber - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Before the arrival of Arabic-speaking invaders, Berber was the language of the indigenous population.
		The dominant language throughout North Africa and the Middle East, Arabic was introduced to the coastal regions by the Arab conquerors of the seventh and eighth centuries A.D. (see Islam and the Arabs, 642-1830, ch.
		Arabic language and culture had an even greater impact under the influence of the beduin Arabs, who arrived in greater numbers from the eleventh century onward.
	www.photius.com /countries/algeria/society/algeria_society_languages_arabic_an~1493.html (439 words)

	Chaouia - Qwika
		Chaouia language Chaouia (Tachawit) Spoken in: Algeria Region: Aurès Mountains...
		Chaouia is the Zenati Berber language of the...
		This language is closer to Chaouia of Aurès and of Riffian (Maroc) that...
	www.qwika.com /find/Chaouia (340 words)

	Northern Berber languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Northern Berber languages are a dialect continuum across the Maghreb that form a sub-family within the Berber languages.
		Chaouia language, south of Constantine in northeastern Algeria
		There is no authoritative answer to the question of which of these to describe as a "language" versus a "dialect"; some academics have seen not only Northern Berber but all the Berber languages as dialects of a single language, while others come up with much higher counts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Northern_Berber_languages (366 words)

	LIBYA'S FREE VOICE MESSAGE BOARD Forums - View Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Among the Berber languages are Tarifit or Riffi (northern Morocco), Kabyle (Algeria) and Tachelhit (central Morocco).
		The Berber languages have two cases of the noun, organized ergatively: one is unmarked, while the other serves for the subject of a transitive verb and the object of a preposition, among other contexts.
		Modern Berber LanguagesSubclassification of the Berber languages is made difficult by their mutual closeness; Maarten Kossmann (1999) describes it as two dialect continua, Northern Berber and Tuareg, and a few peripheral languages, spoken in isolated pockets largely surrounded by Arabic, that fall outside these continua, namely Zenaga and the Libyan and Egyptian varieties.
	www.libyamazigh.org /phpBB/viewtopic.php?topic=1789&forum=1&0 (2037 words)

	[No title]
		Abercromby, John A. The language of the Canary Islanders.
		Da Costa de Macedo, J. Ethnographical remarks on the original languages of the inhabitants of the Canary Islands.
		Newman, Francis W. Of the Structure of the Berber language.
	www.swarthmore.edu /SocSci/jaldere1/bbiblio2_june01.txt (7040 words)

	Chaouia language resources
		of north Morocco, the Chaouia of Algeria, and the Tuareg of the Sahara.
		Chaouia J Chatino, Nopala J Chavacano J,A Chechen J,A Chhattisgarhi J Chichewa J Chilcotin J,A Chin, Asho J,A Chin, Falam A Chin, Haka J Chin, Mun A Chin, Paite A Chin, Tedim J Chinanteco, Quiotepec J...
		CHAOUIA: a language of Algeria The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
	mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Chaouia.html (1154 words)

	Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Classical Arabic gradually became an international language of scholars, scientists, and writers living throughout North Africa and the Middle East.
		Dialectical Arabic is the everyday language spoken by Algerians.
		Some newspapers are written in French, but since independence Arabic has replaced French as the language of the courts and schools.
	www.macalester.edu /courses/geog61/bknudson/Language.htm (213 words)

	Does the Arabic Language Encourage Radical Islam? - Middle East Quarterly
		The Arabic language is the most potent symbol of Arab-Islamic culture and its transmission, and as such has always been considered the necessary medium of instruction.
		In many ways, the linguistic struggle is between two liturgical languages: Arabic is the medium of an arcane and powerful religion, and French is the medium of an equally arcane and powerful body of scientific myths and rites.
		While the switch in languages at the university level must be expected to cause some difficulties, most professors felt that linguistically, the new students were much weaker in French without being competent in Arabic.
	www.meforum.org /article/276 (3967 words)

	Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology - DZ Algerien, l'Algérie, Algeria - Sprache, Langue, Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		ethnologue - Algerian - Language of DZ (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=arq
		ethnologue - Constantine - Language of DZ (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=arq
		ethnologue - Riff - Language of DZ (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=rif
	www.wortherkunft.de /~e/d_/dz-sprach.html (970 words)

	Rüdiger Köppe Publishers, Cologne - Contes chaouis de l’Aurès, d’après M.G. Mercier, ISBN: ...
		Tachawit belongs to the family of Berber languages and is spoken by the Chaouia around the Aurès.
		At present, Berber languages are found from Egypt (Siwa) across Libya and Algeria to Morocco and from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea to south of the Sahara.
		The texts are preceded by an extensive introduction including a short biographical sketch of Gustave Mercier, his motives for collecting the Chaouia stories as well as a linguistic classification of Tachawit and notes on the narrative traditions of the Chaouia and summaries of the individual narrations.
	www.koeppe.de /katalog/katalog_detail.php?lan=en&ISBN=3-89645-382-3 (224 words)

	FMO Research Guide: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In Algeria there are four significant Amazigh groups: the Kabyles, originally from the Atlas Mountains close to the capital; the Chaouia from the Aures Mountains; the Mzab from the south; and the Touareg from the Sahara in the far south of the country.
		Chaouia, mainly from the Aures region, are also significant at 3-4 per cent of the population.
		The official recognition of this language is one of the main demands of Berber civil society groups such as the Berber Cultural Movement (MCB) as well as the two Berber political parties, the FFS and RCD.
	www.forcedmigration.org /guides/fmo023/fmo023-2.htm (3976 words)

	Berber people - ArticleWorld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Berbers live in Morocco comprise an estimate of 35%- 80% of the population, while in Algeria, Libya and Tunisia, Berbers are about 15%-33% of the population.
		Berber groups such as the Kabyles of northern Algeria, are approximately 4 million and who have kept their original language and culture.
		Currently, in Algeria, Berber is a national language and is taught as a non-compulsory language in the Berber speaking areas.
	www.articleworld.org /index.php/Berber_people (519 words)

	Chaouia language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chaoui is the Chaoui language, Berber language of the Chaoui people of eastern Algeria, around Batna, Khenchela, Setif, Constantine, Oum el-Bouaghi, Souk Ahras, Tebessa and the north party of Biskra.
		Known alternative spellings are "Shawia", "Shawiya", "Tachawit", "Thachawith", "Tachaouith", and "Th'Chèwith", but in the Chaouia language, the leading TH /θ/ sound is often reduced to an H, thus the name is pronounced "H'chawit".
		As some parts of North Africa were only recently arabized, some chaoui from the urban centers got partially arabized in the 19th and 20th centuries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chaouia (150 words)

	Algeria - MSN Encarta
		Standard Arabic is the official language, although it is not a mother tongue as it is learnt in schools and places of worship and is used in official domains only.
		Twelve Berber languages in all are spoken in Algeria, including Chaouia (1.4 million speakers), Kabyle (over 2.5 million), and Tamazight (fewer than 500,000).
		French is also known (mainly in the cities), usually by educated people.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554128_3/Algeria.html (511 words)

	Languages in Algeria
		Status as a language or dialect is not defined.
		The Ghat dialect is in southeast Algeria around Ganet and west Libyan oases around Ghat.Tuareg are the people (Targi is the singular); Tamahaq is the language.
		Strong language vitality and low intelligibility with other Tamazight speech forms, including Tumzabt and Tagargrent.
	perso.orange.fr /mohamed.sahnoun/languages.html (457 words)

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