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	Chaozhou - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Chaozhou is located in the easternmost part of Guangdong Province, north of the coastal Shantou City.
		Chaozhou was made a provincially-administered city in January 1989, and a vice-prefecture-level city in January 1990.
		Together, Chaozhou and the nearby city Shantou are called "Chao-Shan" (潮汕); Chaoshan was used as the name of the joint political-administrative area which encompassed the two cities from 1958 until 1983.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Chaozhou (488 words)

	Chaozhou Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Chaozhou (潮州 Pinyin: Cháozhōu, Wade-Giles: Ch'ao²-chou¹, Postal Romanization: Chiuchow), Teochew in native Minnan dialect, is a city in the easternmost part of Guangdong Province, China.
		Chaozhou is located in the north of the delta of the Hanjiang River (韓江), which flows through the city.
		Together, Chaozhou and Shantou are called "Chao-Shan" (潮汕), and Chaoshan has been the name of the joint political administrative area from 1958 until 1983, when Shantou City is a higher-level city that contained Chaozhou.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/c/ch/chaozhou.html (359 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Chaozhou (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The prefecture-level city of Chaozhou administers 4 county-level divisions, including 2 districts and 2 counties.
		In 214 BC, Chaozhou was an undeveloped and named part of Nanhai Commandery (å—æµ·é¡) of the Qin Dynasty.
		Together, Chaozhou and the nearby city of Shantou are called Chaoshan.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Chaozhou (713 words)

	Teochew_dialect info here at en.articles-by-ken-blanchard.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Chaozhou remains the native lingo of myriad Chinese municipal in Singapore - Chaozhou municipal are the reproduction largest Chinese circle in Singapore, after the Hokkien - admitting Mandarin is gradually supplanting Chaozhou as their mater tongue, peculiarly with the younger generations.
		Chaozhou is typified by the shortage of labio-dentals.
		The grammar of Chaozhou is consonant to southern Chinese dialects, peculiarly with Hakka and Cantonese.
	en.articles-by-ken-blanchard.info /Teochew_dialect (3057 words)

	shantou - Page: 3 of 46
		The term "Chaozhou" came from the name of an ancient riverside city that used to be a major port in the region.
		Today, the region near Shantou that is populated by the Chaozhous is referred to as the Chaoshan (or the 'mountains of Chao') region.
		The Chaozhou culture has its own distinct traditions (one example is visiting friends and relatives during Lunar New Year and greeting them with a pair of mandarin oranges).
	members.cox.net /amyeldridge/shantou_003.htm (450 words)

	Ting #14
		The first type pertained to the colloquial substratum in the Wu dialects which showed a unique feature of the Min nature; the second type consisted of dialectal words which were used in the modern Min dialects but which were found in the Nanshi (??) and the Wuge (??).
		study the morpheme hoo in the Southern Min dialect spoken in Taiwan, a marker that occurs in the causative, the passive, and the so-called double-object, dative and serial-verb constructions.
		Traditionally, dialectal subgrouping has no formal means to express the inter-group distance or to illustrate the closeness among related dialects.
	socrates.berkeley.edu:7057 /~jcl2/Ting.htm (1887 words)

	Chinese spoken language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The general situation is one of dialect continuum where one can understand perfectly people speaking the local dialect and that the intelligibility decreases as the speaker comes from more and more distant regions.
		In southern China where the difference between Standard Mandarin and the local dialect is particularly pronounced, well-educated Chinese are generally fluent in Mandarin, and most people have at least a good passive knowledge of it, in addition to being native speakers of the local dialect.
		The Min dialects are often regarded as the dialects furthest removed from Standard Mandarin, in phonology, grammar, and vocabulary.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Chinese_spoken_language (1869 words)

	Numerals - SE Asian Readings of Characters
		ChaoZhou is not far from ShanTou and the ChaoZhou Dictionary states that the romanisation covers both ShanTou and ChaoZhou cities.
		In the FuZhou dialect, all -t and -p endings have gone to -k, (1, 7, 8, 10), a velar plosive, which demonstrates the gradual movement of the occlusive ending from being articulated at the lips (bilabial -p) to the teeth ridge (alveolar -t) and backwards to the palate (velar -k), an observation made by others.
		ChaoZhou and ShanTou dialects are represented by CZYZD, and the IPA transcrion is of the ShanTou dialect found in Karlgren.
	www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk /sapienti/cjkvnum.htm (5340 words)

	Shantou Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In 1563, Shantou was a part of Denghai District (澄海縣) in Chao Prefecture (Chaozhou).
		It became a city in 1919, and was separated from Denghai in 1921.
		It has a large population from Chaozhou, and most residents use the local Chaozhou dialect of Min Chinese, or the national dialect, putonghua.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/s/sh/shantou.html (312 words)

	====CHAOZHOU JINSHAN TILE CO.,LTD.==== (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Chaozhou, Ceramic Capital of China, which is one of the ancient ceramic cradles and the biggest ceramic producing and export base in modern world, are well known for Chaozhou ceramics all over the world.
		Chaozhou is a famous historical and cultural city and an excellent tourist city with abundant and profound culture deposition.
		Succeeded to bequeathed fashion of Tang dynasty, Chaozhou culture with a large base on ancient Chao opera of continent, Chaozhou dialect and Chaozhou music, while its couth and elegance charm illustrated by Chaozhou cate and Kongfu tea and its glorious rays glittered on Chaozhou ceramics, embroidery crafts and golden lacquer woodcarving.
	www.louisgold.com /en/profile.htm (492 words)

	Min - Chaozhou Dialect
		Within ChaoZhou, there are no rhymes which end in -n, (though there are a few places which do have it, it is uncommon), within this scheme where n is noted, the preceeding vowel is nasalised, and their pronunciations are unlike Mandarin PuTongHua an, en etc...
		The above scheme only represents the common sounds found in the ChaoZhou dialect, there are some sounds which have no characters, or that the numbers of the characters are small for a particular rhyme.
		The dictionary bases the pronunciations mainly on the Shantou dialect, however, it closely resembles ChaoZhou dialect.
	www.geocities.com /kyakukajin/chinese/chaozhou.htm (829 words)

	Asociación de Jóvenes Lingüistas
		The 30 readings of the fable were presented to 15 groups of dialect listeners in China (same 15 dialects as those of the speakers, with 12 male and 12 female listeners in each dialect group).
		Second, listeners rated the similarity between their own dialect and that of each speaker in the recording, where ‘0’ meant ‘No similarity at all’ against ’10’ meaning ‘This dialect is exactly the same as my own dialect’.
		Since this dialect is virtually the same as the standard language, it was rated as highly intelligible by most dialect listeners, and yet very dissimilar to the native dialect.
	www.unirioja.es /cu/orobres/abstracts/chaoju_tang.shtml (408 words)

	Chaozhou Bureau of Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Chaozhou is located in the east of Guangdong Province, adjoining Fujian Province on the east, neighboring Shantou Special Economic Zone on the south, being adjacent to Jieyang City on the west and Meizhou City on the north, facing the South China Sea.
		Chaozhou is the famous cultural and traditional city with the national reputation of Littoral Zhou Lu and Ling Hai City.
		Chaozhou, the cultural city with the unique character, is bathing in the sprig wind of reform and opening to the outside world and striding forward to the new century!
	www.czboftec.gov.cn /en/03/index.html (1207 words)

	Teochew (dialect) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chaozhou children are introduced to Putonghua as early as in kindergarten; however, Chaozhou remains the primary medium of instruction until the early years of primary education when Putonghua becomes the sole language of instruction at school, although students typically continue to talk one another in Chaozhou.
		The medial glide is optional in a Chaozhou syllable and is occupied by an approximant, either [j] or [w], e.g.
		The Chaozhou language has been romanised by the Guangdong provincial government to aid linguistic studies and the publication of dictionaries, although the Taiwanese Pe̍h-oē-jī could also be used because the Christian missionaries invented it in a way that is also suitable for the transcription of other Min-nan dialects.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Teochew_(dialect) (2351 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Chaozhou is of considerable intrinsic relevance to Hong Kong (where it is known as Chiu Chow): as the ancestral language of some 9% of the population, it is numerically the most important Chinese dialect of Hong Kong apart from Cantonese.
		Beyond the study of Chaozhou and southern Min, the significance of the research lies in its contribution to the comparative study of Chinese dialects.
		Southern Min dialects are of great interest for the comparative grammar of Chinese dialects: interrogatives, comparatives and aspect, for example, are all known to differ substantially from both Mandarin and Cantonese.
	www.hku.hk /linguist/staff/chaozhou.html (359 words)

	Chaozhou Tourist Information and Travel Guide at InfoHub.com
		In response, Chaozhou has become staunchly traditional, proudly preserving the architecture, superstitions and local character which Shantou, a recent, foreign creation, never had, making it a far nicer place to spend some time.
		Founded back in mythology, by the Ming dynasty Chaozhou had reached its zenith as a place of culture and refinement, and the originals of many of the town's monuments date back to this time.
		After an anti-Manchu uprising in 1656, only Chaozhou's monks and their temples were spared the imperial wrath and it's said that the ashes of the hundred thousand slaughtered citizens formed several fair-sized hills.
	www.infohub.com /destinations/Asia/China/Chaozhou (370 words)

	eG Forums -> Chiu Chow, Teo Chew, or Chaozhou cuisine?
		Chaozhou would be the pinyin, Chiu Chow in all likelihood the wade-giles.
		Bear in mind you have a second complicating factor, which is that although chaozhou is mandarin chinese romanised using pinyin (ie the Standard way of doing it nowadays), Chiu Chow and Teo Chew are probably the pronounciation of the same words in Cantonese, then romanised in Wade-Giles or another system.
		Just like the official dialect is Mandarin but in a country of 1.6 billion (isn't it something like that?) there are still many who don't speak the official dialect.
	forums.egullet.org /index.php?showtopic=26867 (2902 words)

	Taishan dialect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Toisanese or the Taishan dialect (台山話 Toisanese: Hoi4 saan6 wa1, Cantonese: toi4 saan1 wa6), or Seiyap (四邑), is a Chinese dialect (or group of very similar dialects) spoken in and around Taishan, in Guangdong province.
		Because Toisanese is often included with Cantonese or regarded as a dialect of Cantonese, many Cantonese speakers are in fact Toisanese or descendants of Toisanese speakers.
		In Guangdong province, standard Cantonese is used as a lingua franca, and speakers of various dialects (such as Chaozhou, Hakka, and Toisanese) will often speak Cantonese.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Taishan_dialect (514 words)

	Spoken Chinese - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In addition, the Dungan language (東干語/东干语) is a language spoken in Kyrgyzstan descended from Chinese, and is akin to northwestern dialects of Mandarin, therefore it is linguistically a Mandarin dialects.
		In southern China where the difference between Standard Mandarin and the local dialect is particularly pronounced, well-educated Chinese are generally fluent in Standard Mandarin, and most people have at least a good passive knowledge of it, in addition to being native speakers of the local dialect.
		The Min dialects are often regarded as being furthest removed linguistically from Standard Mandarin, in phonology, grammar, and vocabulary.
	naru.mine.nu /cgi-bin/nph-java.cgi/010110A/http/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_spoken_language (3221 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:nan
		Shantou and Chenhai varieties of the Chao-shan dialect are considered to be cultured.
		The Hokkien dialect is the most widely understood in Singapore (Kuo 1979).
		Chaozhou (Chaochow, Tiuchiu, Teochow, Techu), Shantou (Swatow), Hainan, Fujian (Fukien, Hokkien).
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=nan (407 words)

	GovTeen Forums - Whats china's official language and religion. ?
		There are also various dialects across China the 2 largest being Cantonese and the dialect used in the Shanghai area.
		The dialects are som different that often people from the Beijing area cannot understand people from the Shanghai area.
		Most of the people in China speak their dialects, and Mandarin and is widely spoken in Shanghai, Beijing(Beijing Mandarin) the southern part of China.
	forums.govteen.com /printthread.php?t=59125 (412 words)

	Chaozhou, chaozhou city (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Chart of the phonology of the Chaozhou dialect of Chinese Mandarin, including information on Chinese tones.
		Chaozhou, China - sunrise, sunset, dawn and dusk times for the whole year in a graph, day length and changes in lengths in a table.
		Located in eastern Guangdong Province, Chaozhou has been known as hometown to chaozhou.
	www.fordining.net /chaozhou.html (220 words)

	= WWW.GOURMET-PLEASURES.COM = archive = rec.food.drink.tea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Kam is Cantonese for gold (verified by the name of every business every opened by a person from Hong Kong), and a Cantonese friend tells me that 'stove' is jou, so 'jove' is not far off.
		As for Chaozhouhua, it is in fact a dialect of Minnanhua, as is Taiwanese - Chaozhou was populated by people from around Xiamen.
		In > the Chaozhou dialect they say something, there is no pinyin for their > language, "jia tei".
	www.gourmet-pleasures.com /archive/rec.food.drink.tea/1x1x2b2a2e1w2e2b1y1w1u1z2f2d2b2c2f1u1y2a2a2a2b1w2m4b2a1y3z1y1w1w1w3v4p3t1u3z4h4h3z4e3x3z4k4h4n4i4l1u3v4h4f.html (552 words)

	Chaoshan - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		It has a population of approximately 10 million, and includes the cities of Raoping, Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Puning, Chao'an, Huilai, and Shanwei.
		Unlike the Cantonese speaking people of southwestern Guangdong, the inhabitants of Chaoshan speak Teochiu or the Chaozhou dialect, a Minnan language.
		The name Chaoshan (潮汕;) is a recent creation resulting from contraction of the two largest administrative areas, Chaozhou (潮州) and Shantou (Traditional Chinese 汕頭, Simplified Chinese 汕头)
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Chaoshan (237 words)

	Cantonese Dialect [ SOUTHCN.COM ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Firstly, Yue dialect (formerly called Guangzhou official dialect) is prevalent in the province with a speech community of 38 million.
		Hakka is the main dialect in Meizhou, Heyuan and Huizhou areas while the Chaozhou dialect is spoken in the Chaozhou-Shantou area.
		Thirdly, the Minnan dialect (a branch of Fujian dialect) versed in Guangdong can be subdivided into two categories: Chaozhou-Shantou dialect mainly spoken in Chaozhou, Chenghai, Raoping, Jieyang, Jiexi, Chaoyang, Pu'ning, Huilai, Shanwei, Haifeng, and part of Fengshun, Lufeng and Luhe, where 12 million speakers can be found.
	www.newsgd.com /english/brief/introduction/200303201137.htm (622 words)

	Chinese In Singapore - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Teochew speak the Chaozhou dialect, a Min-nan dialect, which is much comprehensible to the Hokkiens.
		Since their dialect was initially somewhat intelligible to Mandarin (linguistics), although strongly influenced by Min-nan and Yue, they were believed to have migrated from Northern China between the 16th and the 17th century.
		A backbone of folk Chinese culture among southern Chinese dialect groups, Taoism was once a popular belief held by many Chinese, Taoist beliefs has witnessed a sharp decline from the 1970s onwards, as most of the younger-generation, Chinese Singaporeans abstain from folk beliefs, viewing that superstitous beliefs would do harm to them.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=10346 (4626 words)

	Chinese Dialects Introduction
		The Chinese Dialects have been largely misunderstood not only by the rest of the world but also by linguists themselves for centuries.
		The fact that there are so many dialects does not actually mean that they cannot be divided up into separate languages.
		Most dialects have tone data, which is listed in master tone lists by language.
	www.glossika.com /en/dict/intro.php (815 words)

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