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Topic: Characteristica universalis

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	Characteristica universalis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Characteristica Universalis from Latin is commonly interpreted as "Universal Character" in English.
		Since the characteristica universalis is diagrammatic and employs pictograms, the diagrams in Leibniz's work warrant close study.
		The logician Kurt Gödel, on the other hand, believed that the characteristica universalis was feasible, and that its development would revolutionize mathematical practice.(Dawson 1997) He noticed, however, that a detailed treatment of the characteristica was conspicuously absent from Leibniz's publications.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Characteristica_universalis (3565 words)

	Language as Calculus vs. Language as Universal Medium
		On the one hand, Leibniz proposed to develop a characteristica universalis or lingua characteristica which was to be a universal language of human thought whose symbolic structure would reflect directly the structure of the world of our concepts.
		In contrast, Frege himself noted, his Begriffsschrift was to be primarily a characteristica universalis in Leibniz's sense, a Formelsprache des reinen Denkens (cf.
		Natural language and characteristica are to Leibniz, basically different in their existence, their function, and their performance.
	www.formalontology.it /two-views-language.htm (3486 words)

	Mathesis Universalis: the Search for a Universal Science
		Mathesis universalis is closely linked with mathematical analysis; the theorem to be proved is taken as given, and the analyst seeks to discover that from which the theorem follows.
		Leibniz, on the other hand, stressed the importance of a calculus as a way of representing and adding to what is known, and tried to construct a 'universal calculus' as part of his proposed universal symbolism, his 'characteristica universalis'.
		The characteristica universalis was never completed-it proved impossible, for example, to list its basic terms, the 'alphabet of human thoughts'-but parts of it did come to fruition, in the shape of Leibniz's infinitesimal calculus and his various logical calculi.
	www.formalontology.it /mathesis-universalis.htm (3065 words)

	The Formative Hyperlanguage of the Hebrew Alphabet of Creation
		Characteristica Universalis and the Origin of the Symbolator.
		The cabbala is in this view an Ars Characteristica that has only been confused and confounded with (mostly theological) meanings by mystics first and later by rational theologists like Gerson Scholem.
		Universal languages have generally been approached from the Ars Characteristica side, as a language of essences present in all things.
	www.psyche.com /psyche/qbl/formative_hyperlanguage.html (1880 words)

	6. Characteristica Universalis and the Origin of the Symbolator
		And, of course, research will have to be done for the right kind of Character for the Mind or Ars Characteristica, as Leibniz called it, to develop.
		MACH, ->:ARS-CHAR) On page 38 to 40, Suarès describes the cabbala of the SY in terms recognizable as an approximation to the Ars Characteristica aspect of Leibniz' Characteristica Universalis.
		Sybille Krämer has elaborated the grammato-logical approach taken by Leibniz with the Ars Characteristica (AC) aspect of his work on the CU (K88, K91).
	www.uni-ulm.de /uni/intgruppen/memosys/infra07.htm (11006 words)

	Logic before the year 1900
		He wanted a new scientific language which would help not merely in the communication of thoughts but also in thinking itself, and this he called a lingua philosophica or characteristica universalis.
		His fundamental hope for this language was that its symbolism would mirror the structure of the world so that we could determine the exact relationship between objects merely by examining their symbols.
		Gödel's incompleteness theorem would appear to say that Leibnitz' characteristica universalis is theoretically impossible.
	www.math.psu.edu /melvin/logic/node4.html (1227 words)

	Gottfried Leibniz - Deistpedia, the Deist Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		His "Characteristica Universalis" anticipated the universal Turing machine.
		Leibniz’s project to develop the Characteristica Universalis and Calculus Ratiocinator have become critically important to recent philosophy and the history of ideas.
		However the Characteristica Universalis and Calculus Ratiocinator also appear to hold great significance for understanding Leibniz's relation to contemporary issues in biology, climate change and resource policy, and consequently how ethics and metaphysics are able to meaningfully engage with these pressing matters.
	www.templeofreason.org /test7/Gottfried_Leibniz.htm (5810 words)

	WARSAW UNIV. PL * MATHESIS UNIVERSALIS, No.2, 1996 * J.Harrison: Formalized Mathematics, 1.2. The History of Formal ...
		The idea of reducing reasoning to computation in some kind of formal calculus is an old dream, going back at least to Raymond Lull.
		He envisaged a 'characteristica universalis' (universal language) and a 'calculus ratiocinator' (calculus of reasoning).
		His idea was that disputes of all kinds, not merely mathematical ones, could be settled if the parties translated their dispute into the characteristica and then simply calculated.
	www.calculemus.org /MathUniversalis/2/harrison/jrh0103.html (994 words)

	BIALYSTOK UNIV. PL * MATHESIS UNIVERSALIS, No.5, 1998 * Introduction to No.5
		Leibniz proves a symbolist, namely the one who postulated a universal system of symbols (Characteristica Universalis) to precisely mirror and enhance a system of thoughts.
		On the other hand, in Monadology, he claimed infinite complexity of organic machines constituting the universe, and that should have produced problems to be hardly solvable in finite sequences of steps.
		The mere fact of logical connexions does not yield any historical answer, it just may assist a better understanding of the concepts to be used in a genuine historical research.
	www.calculemus.org /MathUniversalis/5/0introd.html (1814 words)

	Internet encyclopedia project - Wikipedia Mirror
		Leibniz envisaged an encyclopedia that might contain the whole of human knowledge.
		He associated this with his other projects of a Characteristica universalis and Calculus ratiocinator.
		That is, the need for a universal language by which any person could make a contribution to a truly universal encyclopedia.
	www.wiki-mirror.us /index.php/Internet_encyclopedia_project (824 words)

	Gottfried Leibniz --Great Minds, Great Thinkers
		Leibniz thus formed projects of both what he called a characteristica universalis, and what he called a calculus ratiocinator it is not hard to see that these projects are interconnected, since a perfect universal characteristic would comprise, it seems, a logical calculus.
		Leibniz did not publish the incomplete results which he had obtained, and consequently his ideas had no continuators, with the exception of Lambert and some others, up to the time when Boole, De Morgan, Schröder, MacColl, and others rediscovered his theorems.
		Frege remarked that his own symbolism is meant to be a calculus ratiocinator as well as a lingua characteristica.
	www.edinformatics.com /great_thinkers/leibniz.htm (1165 words)

	Amazon.com: "Characteristica Universalis": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		His early work in the late 1660's was the quest for a universal language (characteristica universalis) and an algebra of reasoning (calculus ratiocinator) which would reduce moral questions to a sequence of formal computations.
		to reform logic as presented by the classicists, the scholastics, and the Christian fathers, developed the first germs of his Characteristica Universalis or Universal Mathematics, which, as has been shown by Couturat, Russell, and others, is the clue to his metaphysics.
		The discovery of the proper mathematical symbolism would provide a universal language, a characteristica universalis,...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Characteristica-Universalis (553 words)

	Calculus ratiocinator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Calculus Ratiocinator is a concept appearing in the writings of Gottfried Leibniz, usually paired with his characteristica universalis, which he mentioned much more frequently.
		Frege intended his "concept script" to be a calculus ratiocinator as well as a lingua characteristica.
		R.Hartley saw a link between the two, defining the calculus ratiocinator as "an algorithm which, when applied to the symbols of any formula of the characteristica universalis, would determine whether or not that formula were true as a statement of science" (Hartley Rogers, Jr.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Calculus_ratiocinator (703 words)

	Amazon.com: "ars characteristica": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In his Ars characteristica universalis of 1666 he combined the two with logical atomism seeking to construct an alphabetum cogitationum humanarum, an alphabet of...
		In true Leibnizian spirit of the ars characteristica, the more we can analyze empirical concepts into simple ones and empirical judgments into tautologies or possible combinations, the more...
		Whereas the moral ideal of the ars characteristica is to interpret people by their voluntary expressions, the physiological equivalent involves interpreting them by their involuntary expressions.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/ars-characteristica (576 words)

	Charles Babbage Institute: RESEARCH PROGRAM> Current research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the 17th century, as part of his plan to reform scientific reasoning, Leibnitz advocated the use of ideographic symbols in place of natural language.
		The use of such concise universal symbols (characteristica universalis) combined with a set of rules for scientific reasoning, Leibnitz hoped, would promote the growth and dissemination of scientific knowledge.
		But it was left to George Boole, in the mid 19th century, to lay out what would thereafter become the three pillars of the field of symbolic logic.
	www.cbi.umn.edu /shp/entries/symboliclogic.html (893 words)

	Mathesis universalis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mathesis universalis (Greek mathesis - science, Latin universalis - universal) is a hypothetical universal science modelled on mathematics envisaged by Leibniz and Descartes.
		It would be supported by a Calculus ratiocinator.
		Predicate logic could be seen as a modern system with some of these universal characteristics, at least as far as mathematics and computer science are concerned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mathesis_universalis (130 words)

	Calculemus! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Leibniz believed that such a machine can be constructed on the basis of a calculating machine, because - anticipating modern logic - he identified reasoning with computing.
		His dream was first, a precise symbolic language ("characteristica universalis") to express everything in science 'and philosophy' (it is not clear how _wide_ this was to be) and second, a computational method ("calculus ratiocinator") to resolve statements in that language.
		If controversies were to arise [Leibniz said], "there would be no more need of disputation between two philosophers than between two accountants.
	www.tiac.net /~sw/2003/08/calculemus.html (145 words)

	Where to with 'Emergy' Literacy? \| EnergyBulletin.net \| Peak Oil News Clearinghouse
		After graduating, and in the absence of any formal courses or certification in emergy methodology in Australia, Sholto researched the History and Philosophy of emergy and the Energy Systems Language for the Post Graduate Diploma in Philosophy at the University of Melbourne.
		His thesis became the basis of the recent article, Realising the Enlightenment: H.T. Odum’s Energy Systems Language qua G.W.v Leibniz’s Characteristica Universalis (PDF - 150KB) (2004), published in a special issue of the International Journal of Ecological Modelling and Systems Ecology dedicated to the memory of H.T. Odum.
		Moreover the work of H.T. Odum and colleagues can be considered a progression of natural science, creatively realising what contemporary German philosopher J. Habermas calls the project of the Enlightenment.
	www.energybulletin.net /6224.html (2224 words)

	Leibniz Outline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Leibniz makes an excellent figure to use as an inspirational start, since his ideas of the characteristica universalis, and of the rational calculus, are prescient notions of reason made clear, precise, and powerful.
		Universal Characteristic: a language that is purged of ambiguity and vagueness, and where the rules of composition reflect the nature of the universe.
		There are still many mathematicians who share some of Kant's view, as we will see.
	www.oswego.edu /~delancey/309_DIR/LLT_LECTURES/1_leibniz_out.html (532 words)

	The Difference Engine
		One would no longer need ponder the grave ambiguities of human speech, but could judge the validity of any sentence by reference to a fixed and finitely describable set of rules and axioms.
		It was the dream of Leibniz to find such a system, the Characteristica Universalis...
		And yet the execution of the so-called Modus Program demonstrated that any formal system must be both incomplete and unable to establish its own consistency.
	www.streettech.com /bcp/BCPgraf/Media/differenceengine.htm (281 words)

	manifold
		All other psychological phenomena are derived from the combinations of these ultimate psychological elements, as the totality of words may be derived from the totality of letters.
		Completion of this task would provide the basis for a Characteristica universalis of the sort that had been conceived by Leibniz, and before him, by Descartes.
		It is often said that we "project" into geometric space the objects of our external perception; that we "localize" them.
	wordassociation1.net /manifold.html (1412 words)

	Online note book II: page 130 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The worrying thought is that one day maybe philosophy could be like that too.
		The great philosopher Leibniz, when he envisaged his 'Characteristica Universalis' speculated that in the future when philosophers got together to argue on a point, they would say, 'Let us calculate' (page 38).
		I love computers, but my love is prompted more by surface aesthetics rather than underlying form (to echo Robert Pirsig's distinction).
	www.pathways.plus.com /glasshouse/notebook2/page130.html (632 words)

	Pierre Menard Author of the Quixote
		d) A monograph on Leibniz's Characteristica universalis (Nîmes 1904).
		To glorify the occasional performance of that function, to hoard ancient and alien thoughts, to recall with incredulous stupor that the doctor universalis thought, is to confess our laziness or our barbarity.
		Every man should be capable of all ideas and I understand that in the future this will be the case."
	www.coldbacon.com /writing/borges-quixote.html (2773 words)

	Characteristica Universalis - Smith (ResearchIndex) (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Characteristica Universalis - Smith (ResearchIndex) (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu)
		@misc{ smith92characteristica, author = "B. Smith", title = "Characteristica Universalis", text = "B. Smith 1992.
		Online articles have much greater impact More about CiteSeer.IST Add search form to your site Submit documents Feedback
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /smith92characteristica.html (361 words)

	Language, Mathematics, and Ideology
		Soviet cybernetics challenged the existing order of things not only in the conceptual foundations of science but also in economics and politics."
		On reading this passage, I immediately thought of Leibniz's dream of the universal language, which he dubbed the "characteristica universalis."
		A second example is found in informal remarks made in 1967 to the Cybernetics Council, a Soviet organization, by Academician Aksel Berg, a big man in Soviet scientific and administrative circles:
	www.siam.org /siamnews/11-02/cyberspeak.htm (1626 words)

	Phenomenon of Science: Chap. 12
		Leibnitz (1646-1716), understood fully the importance of the formalization of language and thinking.
		Throughout his life Leibnitz worked to develop a symbolic calculus to which he,gave the Latin name characteristica universalis.
		Its goal was to express all clear human thoughts and reduce logical deduction to purely mechanical operations.
	pespmc1.vub.ac.be /POS/Turchap12.html (7711 words)

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