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Topic: Characterization

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	A Priori and A Posteriori [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		We can thus refine the characterization of a priori justification as follows: one is a priori justified in believing a given proposition if, on the basis of pure thought or reason, one has a reason to think that the proposition is true.
		While these differences may seem to point to an adequate basis for characterizing the relevant conception of experience, such a characterization would, as a matter of principle, rule out the possibility of contingent a priori and necessary a posteriori propositions.
		More needs to be said, however, about the positive characterization, both because as it stands it remains less epistemically illuminating than it might and because it is not the only positive characterization available.
	www.iep.utm.edu /a/apriori.htm (5580 words)

	Parts characterization - OpenWetWare
		Characterization of standard biological parts is an essential step in enabling construction of more complicated devices and systems based on these parts.
		A standard method of characterization (or several standards) will better enable sharing of parts between different laboratories, as well as improve our ability to design devices.
		This is an attempt to organize some of the available characterization methodologies as well as the type of information that they generate.
	openwetware.org /wiki/Parts_characterization (208 words)

	Characterization Accuracy Requirements
		The characterization requirements used for an MFL inspection depend on the pipeline operator's goals in performing the inspection.
		Characterization accuracy is important in differentiating between defects, imperfections, pipeline components, and non-relevant indications.
		Characterization accuracy is also a function of the number of inspection indications found on a line.
	www.battelle.org /pipetechnology/MFL/Links/CharAccuracyReq.htm (578 words)

	5. DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERIZATION
		Descriptive hazard characterization serves to structure and present the available information on the spectrum of human illness associated with a particular pathogen, and how this is influenced by the characteristics of the host, the pathogen and the matrix, as indicated in Figure 3.
		When a hazard characterization is being undertaken, one of the initial activities will be to evaluate the weight of evidence for adverse health effects in humans in order to determine, or confirm, the ability of the pathogen to cause disease.
		When not already included in the characterization of the pathogen, specific consideration should be given to the intrinsic properties of the pathogen that influence infectivity, virulence and pathogenicity; their variability; and the factors that may alter the infectivity, virulence or pathogenicity of the microorganism under consideration.
	www.fao.org /docrep/006/y4666e/y4666e0a.htm (2173 words)

	Research: Characterization
		Characterization processes span the range from molecular to landscape scales, and significant knowledge gaps exist that impair accurate risk assessment, limit remediation and restoration activities, and often make cost-effective management decisions difficult or impossible.
		Characterization also includes elucidation of the environmental and ecological patterns and processes that influence organismal distributions, (micro) biological diversity and function, health, reproduction, mortality, and other factors.
		Characterization is necessary to construct models of the way natural and engineered systems function both in the presence and absence of environmental perturbations such as anthropogenic contamination.
	www.uga.edu /srel/research-characterization.htm (342 words)

	Citations: Traffic Characterization for Integrated Services Networks - Li, Mark (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		characterized by MarkovJan models, to the more recent study in self similar traffic [10] and long range models [14] The choice of an appropriate traffic model to capture the diverse traffic in B ISDNs is however a matter of debate, as is the characterization of the input traffic mix to the.
		Characterizing the effect of multiple time scales of variation in the superimposed arrival process is becoming a central theme of queueing analysis for multimedia traffic integrations [1, 12, 4, 10, 23, 13, 24, 26, 21] This paper considers a discrete time queueing system with infinite buffer....
		This is certainly insufficient to characterize the entire input spectrum of multimedia traffic, especially for the sources which possess the nature of pseudo periodic.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/158388/0 (2345 words)

	EPRI: Characterization of PWR Steam Generator Deposits
		Such characterization can help utilities assess the potential impact of the deposits on steam generator integrity and performance and plan for deposit removal by mechanical or chemical means.
		Characterization of deposits is necessary to determine the potential for deleterious effects to occur.
		In addition, it is often difficult to definitively characterize tube scale and tube support deposits or identify their original source following subjection to the rigors of high-pressure water jetting, filtration, and air exposure.
	www.epri.com /OrderableitemDesc.asp?product_id=TR%2D106048&targetnid=273224&value=06T061143&marketnid=273141&oitype=1&searchdate=4/11/1996 (679 words)

	Home - Nanotechnology Characterization Lab
		By providing the critical infrastructure and characterization services to nanomaterial providers, the NCL can accelerate the transition of basic nanoscale particles and devices into clinical applications, thereby reducing suffering and death from cancer.
		As part of its assay cascade, the NCL will characterize nanoparticles' physical attributes, their in vitro biological properties, and their in vivo compatibility using animal models.
		The time required to characterize nanomaterials from receipt through the in vivo phase is anticipated to be one year.
	ncl.cancer.gov (243 words)

	International Color Consortium
		The characterization data specified in this registry (which may be accessed by following the links at the end of this page) provides a way for standards organizations and others to identify sets of characterization data for standard printing processes and three-component (including RGB) color spaces.
		Please note that this registry is for characterization data (color measurement data) and not for ICC profiles.
		Standards groups (including PDF/X and JDF) are using these reference names to identify the characterization data sets within their specifications and have requested that ICC maintain the specified reference names, together with the respective data, and not change them without discussion.
	www.color.org /registry2.html (497 words)

	CiteULike: Characterization of the beta-Ketoadipate Pathway in Sinorhizobium meliloti. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Characterization of the beta-Ketoadipate Pathway in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
		We show that pcaR transcription is negatively autoregulated and that PcaR is a positive regulator of pcaIJF expression and is required for growth of S. meliloti on protocatechuate as the carbon source.
		The characterization of the protocatechuate catabolic pathway in S. meliloti offers an opportunity for comparison with related species, including Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
	www.citeulike.org /user/bjorns/article/812378 (440 words)

	CHARACTERIZATION
		A tour de force of developing characterization is Louis Sacchetti, the protagonist of Thomas Disch's Camp Concentration, who is infected with a disease that makes him a genius.
		The boundary between sympathetic and unsympathetic characterization is necessarily ill-defined.
		Before you turn the page to the next chapter, one last tip on characterization: Remember that when you make a new world, the people in it must necessarily be the crown of your creation.
	www.sfwa.org /writing/character.htm (3853 words)

	Solid Waste Characterization Home Page
		Waste characterization information is designed for solid waste planning; however, anyone interested in the characteristics of the solid waste stream may find it useful.
		The CIWMB has also conducted several other waste characterization studies on both the statewide waste stream as well as targeted portions such as construction and demolition waste and business waste generators.
		Waste characterization data is collected by taking samples of waste and sorting it into material types like newspaper and aluminum cans, and weighing each type.
	www.ciwmb.ca.gov /WasteChar (563 words)

	An Introduction to Workload Characterization
		Therefore, workload characterization is the science that observes, identifies and explains the phenomena of work in a manner that simplifies your understanding of how the network is being used.
		Workload characterization provides the equivalent view of a network - scale drawings detailing the total bandwidth of the network, the significance of users, and the bandwidth requests of a particular workload.
		Not only does the characterization allow you to easily compare the workload of one server to another and observe general trends, the graph allows you to communicate accurate information about the server's workload characteristics to others.
	support.novell.com /techcenter/articles/ana19910503.html (2500 words)

	Characterization of potential new targets for anti-fungal drugs
		Characterization of the role of enzymes involved in yeast and fungal cell wall biogenesis through the use of yeast genetics and phenotypic analysis of mutants.
		The recombinant proteins are purified from culture medium and subjected to functional and structural characterization.
		The experience that has been gathered can be applied also to the characterization of other transglycosidases from fungi of potential biomedical interest.
	www.unimi.it /ricerca/13292.htm (195 words)

	NYSERDA - Well Characterization and Evaluation Program - RFP 561-01
		The objective of this program is to create a technology-based system to strike a balance between the potential viability of a well and its ultimate plugging while ensuring that the fiscal liability for plugging and reclamation remains the responsibility of the well's owner and not the State of New York or local governments.
		The objective of the well characterization program is to create a technology-based system to strike a balance between the potential viability of a well and its ultimate plugging while ensuring that the fiscal liability for plugging and reclamation remains the responsibility of the well's owner and not the State of New York or local governments.
		Characterize all New York State wells into categories such as: producing/bonded, producing/not bonded, non-producing/shut-in, nonproducing/orphaned, etc. Some consideration should be given to the production/income distribution for each category.
	www.nyserda.org /funding/561RFP.html (2201 words)

	Bench Characterization of ADCs Using a Low-Cost PC-Based Data-Acquisition Board - Maxim/Dallas
		In cases where design errors need to be identified and corrected, this rapid bench characterization allows for a controlled, iterative evaluation loop (that is, hypothesis, experimental design, measurement and evaluation of results, leading to further hypothesis, experimental design, etc.) and consequently faster identification of the design error.
		This approach works well for signals traveling from the characterization board to the PC interface card, because terminating resistors can be placed at the source end of the characterization board.
		A number of advantages of this approach to bench characterization have been pointed out and include ease of interfacing to complex devices, more complete and faster characterization of both static and dynamic parameters, the ability to improve design-error identification, and faster resolution of correlation issues.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/633 (1955 words)

	CDC - Ultrastructural Characterization of SARS Coronavirus
		While the role of these cytoplasmic areas is unclear, the close proximity of cellular ribosomes with viral proteins and RNA suggests that they may be viral translation centers.
		Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.
		Isolation and partial characterisation of a new virus causing acute haemorrhagic fever in Zaire.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol10no2/03-0913.htm (2814 words)

	Mass DEP :: MA DEP Top Ten MCP Risk Characterization Problems
		The conclusions of the risk characterization are only valid if the extent of the release has been properly defined and all possible affected media and migration pathways have been considered.
		The Risk Characterization report must contain sufficient discussion of who the receptors are and how the receptors are exposed to justify the selection of exposure factors used in the risk assessment.
		When the risk characterization does not demonstrate that a condition of "No Significant Risk of harm" exists, the conclusion of the risk characterization should clearly state that fact, and should acknowledge that remediation would be necessary to achieve a permanent solution.
	www.mass.gov /dep/cleanup/topten.htm (1540 words)

	Characterization
		One of the most critical aspects of protein characterization is the purity assessment.
		Host cell contaminants are also a common phenomenon in large molecule development and SSCI offers identification and characterization of these contaminants as well.
		All of the analytical techniques at SSCI can be used for the characterization of biopharmaceutical reference standards.
	www.ssci-inc.com /BiochemistryServices/Characterization/tabid/94/Default.aspx (230 words)

	XML Binary Characterization Properties
		This is a Working Group Note, produced by the XML Binary Characterization Working Group as part of the XML Activity.
		This document is part of a set of documents produced according to the Working Group's charter, in which the Working Group has been determining Use Cases, characterizing the Properties that are required by those Use Cases, and establishing objective, shared Measurements to help judge whether XML 1.x and alternate binary encodings provide the required properties.
		Streamability is also characterized by the amount of buffering that needs to be done in the processors.
	www.w3.org /TR/xbc-properties (14391 words)

	ReadWriteThink: Lesson Plan: Using Picture Books to Teach Characterization in Writing Workshop
		It is important to note that a lesson on characterization should occur when the teacher observes students who are interested in revising their writing but they do not know what to do.
		Once students have had reasonable time to review the elements of characterization, invite students to identify examples in the text that illustrate the development of characters in the story.
		Once students have recognized sufficient examples of characterization within the picture books, put them into groups of two or three, depending on the number of texts available.
	www.readwritethink.org /lessons/lesson_view.asp?id=101 (1187 words)

	NGC - NGC Summary
		Due to the high prevalence of benign focal hepatic lesions in adults, liver lesion characterization is an important objective of diagnostic imaging.
		Characterization of liver lesions in a cirrhotic liver is best performed with either contrast-enhanced MRI (gadolinium) or dynamic multidetector helical CT, but that characterization is imperfect.
		Characterization is more definitive for lesions larger than 2 cm in diameter.
	www.guideline.gov /summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=9594&nbr=5115&ss=6&xl=999 (2184 words)

	Synopsys Products - Synopsys NanoChar Characterization System Datasheet
		Synopsys’ NanoChar characterization system is a complete, automated, characterization solution for standard cells and other macrocells that delivers the accuracy and capabilities required for 90-nm and below process geometries.
		The NanoChar characterization system lowers characterization costs and reduces the time-to-market for design teams by automating the entire characterization process and by capturing the newest effects as demanded by leading edge EDA tools, including noise and Composite Current Source (CCS) models.
		NanoChar characterization system generates a full range of user-alterable stimulus vectors, circuit measurements and cell operating scenarios for characterization for circuit simulation to deliver all the data needed to model each cell.
	www.synopsys.com /products/analysis/nanochar_ds.html (603 words)

	characterization - Synonyms from Thesaurus.com
		analogue, annotation, answer, characterization, clarification, clue, comment, commentary, cue, delimitation, delineation, demarcation, denotation, determination, diagnosis, drift, elucidation, exemplification, explanation, explication, exposition, expounding, fixing, formalization, gloss, individuation, interpretation, key, outlining, rationale, rendering, rendition, representation, settling, signification, solution, synonym, terminology, translation
		ABCs, brief, characterization*, chronicle, confession, declaration, definition, delineation, depiction, detail, explanation, explication, fingerprint, information, make, monograph, narration, narrative, picture, portraiture, portrayal, presentment, recital, recitation, record, recountal, rehearsal, report, representation, run down, sketch, specification, statement, story, summarization, summary, tale, version, vignette, write-up, yarn
		characterization, classification, company, description, design, epithet, hallmark, identification, insignia, logo, mark, marker, number, price mark, stamp, sticker, tag, tally, ticket, trademark
	thesaurus.reference.com /browse/characterization (328 words)

	Characterization (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Characterization refers to the process of describing the appearance, action, and thoughts of the persons discussed within a text.
		Characterization is an important part of description, because it causes readers to more fully understand the motivations of characters.
		Effective characterization works in harmony with setting and plot to make the reader connect on a more intimate level to a text.
	writing.colostate.edu /guides/processes/ddetail/pop4b.cfm (115 words)

	Polymer Synthesis, Processing and Characterization Capability Brief
		Companion modeling efforts provide predictive capabilities and extensive characterization techniques to elucidate polymer structure and thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties.
		Molecular-level characterization of polymer degradation by nuclear magnetic resonance isotope and relaxation studies.
		Characterization of polymer morphology by small-angle x-ray scattering, wide-angle x-ray scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, neutron reflectivity, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, among others.
	www.sandia.gov /materials/sciences/factsheets/PolySynthProcChar.html (517 words)

	CBER Expertise - Willie F. Vann, Characterization of Vaccines Targeting Surface Carbohydrates in Bacterial Disease and ...
		New approaches to the preparation of carbohydrate and toxoid vaccines are needed that facilitate their thorough characterization.
		The aims of this program are to (a) understand how bacteria make polysaccharide surface coats, (b) determine structural basis for the interaction of tetanus and botulinum toxins with carbohydrates on human cells (c) to use this information to develop improved methods for manufacturing vaccine targets and tests for monitoring vaccine potency.
		Characterization of N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase isoenzyme 1 from Campylobacter jejuni.
	www.fda.gov /cber/research/vann.htm (475 words)

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